内蒙古大青山4种典型植被类型生态系统服务权衡与协同

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1999-2009.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.007

内蒙古大青山4种典型植被类型生态系统服务权衡与协同

郭彩云¹(), 张雷²^,³^,^*(), 高孝威²^,³, 苏艳龙¹, 李琳¹, 王晓江²^,³, 杨九艳¹

1.内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
2.内蒙古自治区林业科学研究院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
3.内蒙古大青山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2021-06-17 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: * 张雷（1983年生）,男,研究员,博士,主要从事恢复生态学方面研究。E-mail: lkyzhanglei@126.com
* 张雷（1983年生）,男,研究员,博士,主要从事恢复生态学方面研究。E-mail: lkyzhanglei@126.com
作者简介:郭彩云（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为植被生态学。E-mail: gcy15960573390@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31960284);内蒙古大青山森林生态系统国家定位观测研究站运行(2020132026)

Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs and Synergies of Four Typical Vegetation Types in Daqing Mountain, Inner Mongolia

GUO Caiyun¹(), ZHANG Lei²^,³^,^*(), GAO Xiaowei²^,³, SU Yanlong¹, LI Lin¹, WANG Xiaojiang²^,³, YANG Jiuyan¹

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
2. Inner Mongolia Academy of Forestry Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
3. Inner Mongolia Daqing Mountain National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Hohhot 010010, China

Received:2021-06-17 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

分析生物多样性、土壤肥力、水源涵养、固碳能力等4种生态系统服务间的权衡与协同关系,从而为大青山植被合理经营提供理论依据。以内蒙古大青山白桦（Betula platyphylla）天然次生林、华北落叶松（Larix principis-rupprechtii）人工林、虎榛子（Ostryopsis davidiana）天然灌丛和天然草地等4种植被类型为研究对象,利用均方根偏差（RMSD）对区域生态系统服务的权衡与协同关系进行了研究,并对各生态系统服务的贡献进行了分析。结果表明,4种植被类型生物多样性为：白桦天然次生林 (2.81)>虎榛子天然灌丛 (1.84)>华北落叶松人工林 (1.80)>天然草地 (1.78);土壤肥力为：白桦天然次生林（71.14 g∙kg^-1)>华北落叶松人工林 (57.01 g∙kg^-1)>虎榛子天然灌丛 (52.50 g∙kg^-1)>天然草地 (35.58 g∙kg^-1);水源涵养为：白桦天然次生林 (618.42 t∙hm^-2)>华北落叶松人工林 (603.30 t∙hm^-2)>虎榛子天然灌丛 (573.85 t∙hm^-2)>天然草地 (561.02 t∙hm^-2);固碳能力为：华北落叶松人工林 (468.92 t∙hm^-2)>虎榛子天然灌丛 (415.31 t∙hm^-2)>白桦天然次生林 (291.97 t∙hm^-2)>天然草地 (129.37 t∙hm^-2)。4种植被类型生态系统服务之间均属于权衡关系,其中白桦天然次生林的生物多样性分别与水源涵养、土壤肥力和固碳能力呈中等程度的权衡（E_RMSD=0.149、0.159、0.145）,表现为水源涵养具有较高的收益。华北落叶松人工林的固碳能力与生物多样性、水源涵养和土壤肥力呈较高程度的权衡（E_RMSD=0.214、0.183、0.184）,表现为固碳能力具有较高的收益。各植被类型的4种生态系统服务存在一定差异,白桦天然次生林的水源涵养能力强于其他生态系统服务,华北落叶松人工林的固碳能力占重要地位。由此可知,适当调整经营措施,提高人工林的生物多样性,同时注重改善天然林的固碳能力,可维持内蒙古大青山森林生态系统服务的平衡发展。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 权衡, 协同, 均方根偏差, 大青山, 内蒙古

Abstract:

This study analyzed the trade-offs and synergies among four ecosystem services of biodiversity, soil fertility, water conservation, and carbon sequestration capacity to provide a theoretical basis for the rational management of vegetation in Daqing Mountain. Taking four vegetation types including Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest, Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest, Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest and Natural grassland in Daqing Mountain, Inner Mongolia as the research objects, the trade-offs and synergies of regional ecosystem services were studied by using the root mean square deviation method (RMSD), and the contribution of each ecosystem service was analyzed. We found that the biodiversity of the four vegetation types was as follows: Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest (2.81)>Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest (1.84)>Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest (1.80)>Natural grassland (1.78). The soil fertility showed as follows: Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest (71.14 g∙kg ^-1)>Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest (57.01 g∙kg^-1)>Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest (52.50 g∙kg^-1)>Natural grassland (35.58 g∙kg^-1). The order of water conservation was Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest (618.42 t·hm ^-2)>Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest (603.29 t∙hm^-2)>Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest (573.85 t∙hm^-2)> Natural grassland (561.02 t∙hm^-2), and that of carbon sequestration capacity was Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest (468.92 t∙hm ^-2)>Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest (415.31 t∙hm^-2)>Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest (291.97 t∙hm^-2)>Natural grassland (129.37 t∙hm^-2). There was a trade-off relationship between ecosystem services of four vegetation types. Among them, the biodiversity of Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest had moderate trade-offs with water conservation, soil fertility, and carbon sequestration capacity (E_RMSD=0.149, 0.159, 0.145), and Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest showed a higher benefit for water conservation. The carbon sequestration capacity of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest showed a high degree of trade-off with biodiversity, water conservation, and soil fertility (E_RMSD=0.214, 0.183, 0.184), and Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest had a higher benefit for carbon sequestration capacity. The four ecosystem services of each vegetation type differed to some extent, with the Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest having a stronger water-holding capacity than the other ecosystem services, and the carbon sequestration capacity of Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest occupying an important position among the four ecosystem services. Therefore, the balanced development of forest ecosystem services in Daqing Mountain, Inner Mongolia can be maintained by properly adjusting management measures, improving the biodiversity of planted forests, and focusing on improving the carbon sequestration capacity of natural forests.

Key words: ecosystem services, trade-offs, synergies, RMSD, Daqing Mountain, Inner Mongolia

中图分类号:

Q948
X171

郭彩云, 张雷, 高孝威, 苏艳龙, 李琳, 王晓江, 杨九艳. 内蒙古大青山4种典型植被类型生态系统服务权衡与协同[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 1999-2009.

GUO Caiyun, ZHANG Lei, GAO Xiaowei, SU Yanlong, LI Lin, WANG Xiaojiang, YANG Jiuyan. Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs and Synergies of Four Typical Vegetation Types in Daqing Mountain, Inner Mongolia[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 1999-2009.

图/表 12

参考文献 38

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植被类型 Vegetation types	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope gradient/ (°)	郁闭度 (盖度) Canopy density (coverage)/%	平均树高 (株高) Average tree height (plant height)/m	平均胸径 (地径) Average DBH (Ground diameter)/ cm	林下草本植物 Understory herbs
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	坡中 Middle-slope	N	18	0.75	7.30±2.76	5.59±4.42	山野豌豆 (Vicia amoena)、地榆、黄囊苔草 (Carex korshinskyi)、早熟禾 (Poa annua)、菊叶委陵菜 (Potentilla tanacetifolia) 等
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	坡上 Up-slope	N	12	0.80	11.06±3.83	16.13±5.78	黄囊苔草、风毛菊 (Saussurea japonica)、菊叶萎陵菜、早熟禾 (Poa annua)、老鹳草 (Geranium wilfordii) 等
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiananatural natural shrub forest	坡中 Middle-slope	WS	18	88	50.69±15.56	6.51±1.79	柴胡 (Radix Bupleuri)、黄囊苔草、野艾蒿 (Artemisia lavandulaefolia) 等
天然草地 Natural grassland	坡中 Middle-slope	E	15°	82	0.23±19.35	-	阿狗 (Stipa grandis)、黄囊苔草、羊草等

植被类型 Vegetation types	坡位 Slope position	坡向 Aspect	坡度 Slope gradient/ (°)	郁闭度 (盖度) Canopy density (coverage)/%	平均树高 (株高) Average tree height (plant height)/m	平均胸径 (地径) Average DBH (Ground diameter)/ cm	林下草本植物 Understory herbs
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	坡中 Middle-slope	N	18	0.75	7.30±2.76	5.59±4.42	山野豌豆 (Vicia amoena)、地榆、黄囊苔草 (Carex korshinskyi)、早熟禾 (Poa annua)、菊叶委陵菜 (Potentilla tanacetifolia) 等
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	坡上 Up-slope	N	12	0.80	11.06±3.83	16.13±5.78	黄囊苔草、风毛菊 (Saussurea japonica)、菊叶萎陵菜、早熟禾 (Poa annua)、老鹳草 (Geranium wilfordii) 等
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiananatural natural shrub forest	坡中 Middle-slope	WS	18	88	50.69±15.56	6.51±1.79	柴胡 (Radix Bupleuri)、黄囊苔草、野艾蒿 (Artemisia lavandulaefolia) 等
天然草地 Natural grassland	坡中 Middle-slope	E	15°	82	0.23±19.35	-	阿狗 (Stipa grandis)、黄囊苔草、羊草等

植被类型 Vegetation types	枯落物储量 Litter storage/ (t∙hm^-2)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity/ (t∙hm^-2)	最大持水率 Maximum water holding rate/%
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	1.37	2.93	214.62
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	3.81	7.46	195.24
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest	1.21	2.49	205.33
天然草地 Natural grassland	0.48	0.97	203.36

植被类型 Vegetation types	枯落物储量 Litter storage/ (t∙hm^-2)	最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity/ (t∙hm^-2)	最大持水率 Maximum water holding rate/%
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	1.37	2.93	214.62
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	3.81	7.46	195.24
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest	1.21	2.49	205.33
天然草地 Natural grassland	0.48	0.97	203.36

植被类型 Vegetation types	容重 Unit weight/ (g∙cm^-3)	总孔隙度Total porosity/%	毛管孔隙度Capillary porosity/%	非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity/%	毛管持水量 Capillary water capacity/(t∙hm^-2)	非毛管持水量 Non-capillary water holding capacity/ (t∙hm^-2)	土壤最大持水量 Soil maximum water holding capacity/ (t∙hm^-2)
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	0.953	61.52	57.33	4.18	573.32	418.36	615.49
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	0.91	59.58	52.62	6.97	526.16	696.62	595.84
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest	1.083	57.14	51.87	5.27	518.68	526.83	571.36
天然草地 Natural grassland	1.188	56.01	52.83	3.18	528.23	318.25	560.05

内蒙古大青山4种典型植被类型生态系统服务权衡与协同

Ecosystem Service Tradeoffs and Synergies of Four Typical Vegetation Types in Daqing Mountain, Inner Mongolia

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植被类型 Vegetation types	枯落物最大持水量 Maximum water holding capacity of litter/(t∙hm^-2)	土壤最大持水量 Soil maximum water holding capacity/(t∙hm^-2)	水源涵养 water conservation/ (t∙hm^-2)
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	2.93	615.49	618.42
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	7.46	595.84	603.30
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest	2.49	571.36	573.85
天然草地 Natural grassland	0.97	560.05	561.02

植被类型 Vegetation types	乔木层平均地上部分碳储量 Average aboveground carbon storage in tree layer/(t∙hm^-2)	灌木层平均地上部分碳储量 Average aboveground carbon storage in shrub layer/(t∙hm^-2)	草本层平均地上部分碳储量 Average aboveground carbon storage in herb layer/(t∙hm^-2)	总地上部分碳储量Total aboveground carbon storage/ (t∙hm^-2)
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	117.89	122.37	51.71	291.97
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	450.40	—	18.52	468.92
虎榛子天然灌丛 Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest	—	366.42	48.89	415.31
天然草地 Natural grassland	—	—	129.37	129.37

植被类型 Vegetation types	生态系统服务 Ecosystem services	水源涵养 Water conservation	土壤肥力 Soil fertility	固碳能力 Carbon sequestration capacity
白桦天然次生林 Betula platyphylla natural secondary forest	生物多样性 Biodiversity	0.149±0.084	0.159±0.104	0.145±0.091
	水源涵养 Water conservation		0.237±0.065	0.199±0.092
	土壤肥力 Soil fertility			0.187±0.079
华北落叶松人工林 Larix principis-rupprechtii plantation forest	生物多样性 Biodiversity	0.153±0.087	0.139±0.092	0.214±0.048
	水源涵养 Water conservation		0.232±0.062	0.183±0.081
	土壤肥力 Soil fertility			0.184±0.012
虎榛子天然灌丛Ostryopsis davidiana natural shrub forest	生物多样性 Biodiversity	0.175±0.080	0.121±0.077	0.124±0.038
	水源涵养 Water conservation		0.285±0.097	0.208±0.092
	土壤肥力 Soil fertility			0.086±0.073
天然草地 Natural grassland	生物多样性 Biodiversity	0.173±0.081	0.178±0.089	0.182±0.064
	水源涵养 Water conservation		0.131±0.089	0.143±0.085
	土壤肥力 Soil fertility			0.156±0.069

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