环境与基因型互作对瓜类蔬菜镉积累的影响及产地土壤安全阈值研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1944-1952.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.012

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

环境与基因型互作对瓜类蔬菜镉积累的影响及产地土壤安全阈值研究

纪晟莹¹(), 李杰²^,³, 李鑫¹, 陶禹¹, 陈娟¹^,^*(), 王晓玉²^,³^,^*

1.湖南省蔬菜研究所，湖南长沙 410125
2.湖南省农业信息与工程研究所，湖南长沙 410125
3.国家能源非粮生物质原料研发湖南分中心，湖南长沙 410125

收稿日期:2024-08-17 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-12-31
通讯作者: *王晓玉。E-mail: xiao_yu_100@163.com;
作者简介:纪晟莹（1992年生），女，助理研究员，硕士，主要研究方向为蔬菜栽培与农业环境。E-mail: 19495403@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1700103)

Research on the Interaction of Environmental Factors and Genotypes on Cadmium Accumulation in Cucurbit Vegetables and the Soil Safe Threshold

JI Shengying¹(), LI Jie²^,³, LI Xin¹, TAO Yu¹, CHEN Juan¹^,^*(), WANG Xiaoyu²^,³^,^*

1. Hunan Vegetable Research Institute, Changsha 410125, P. R. China
2. Hunan Institute of Agricultural Information and Engineering, Changsha 410125, P. R. China
3. Hunan Branch Center for Non-grain Biomass Feedstock R&D, National Energy Administration, Changsha 410125, P. R. China

Received:2024-08-17 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前耕地土壤镉（Cd）污染严峻，公众通过食用蔬菜摄入镉的风险增加，但针对瓜类蔬菜在不同污染土壤及基因型下的镉富集特性研究尚不足。为探究不同种类及品种的瓜类在不同环境条件下对镉的吸收积累特性，并评估环境因子与基因型对蔬菜镉含量的综合影响，通过在湘江流域选择12个典型镉污染特征区域，采取多点-多瓜类/品种田间试验方法结合土壤镉含量、土壤性质与蔬菜镉累积对应采样分析，采用相关性分析、逐步线性回归分析和多种模型的物种敏感性分布（SSD）分析等方法分析环境因子与蔬菜镉含量、生物富集系数（BCF）的关系及安全阈值。结果显示：1）环境因子对瓜类蔬菜镉含量的影响显著高于基因型，环境、品种和环境品种互作共解析了瓜类蔬菜镉含量和BCF的94.05%和84.03%，其中环境的贡献率分别为62.90%和36.67%；2）瓜类蔬菜镉含量与土壤总镉、有效态镉显著正相关（r=0.721，p≤0.01；r=0.737，p≤0.01），与pH值呈显著负相关（r= −0.390，p≤0.01）；土壤有效态镉与pH值是主要的环境影响因素，可以解释瓜类蔬菜镉含量变异的60.80%；3）瓜类蔬菜整体超标风险较低，但不同瓜类品种的镉富集能力存在显著差异，板栗南瓜（Cucurbita moschata）品种V5表现出较高敏感性，蜜本南瓜品种V6表现出低敏感性；4）基于Burr III type分布模型，估算了保障95%瓜类蔬菜安全生长的土壤镉含量阈值，其阈值为1.316 mg∙kg⁻¹。该研究可为镉污染土壤中的瓜类蔬菜种植提供科学的品种选择和风险控制指导。

关键词: 瓜类蔬菜, 镉, 物种敏感性分布（SSD）, 生物富集系数（BCF）, 安全阈值

Abstract:

The current situation of cadmium (Cd) contamination in farmland soils is severe, leading to an increased risk of Cd intake by the public through vegetable consumption. However, research on the characteristics of Cd accumulation in cucurbit vegetables under different soil contamination conditions and genotypes remains insufficient. To investigate the Cd absorption and accumulation characteristics of different cucurbit vegetable varieties under various environmental conditions and evaluate the combined effects of environmental factors and cucurbit genotypes, vegetable Cd content, soil Cd content, and soil physicochemical properties were collected from 12 typical cadmium-contaminated areas in the Xiangjiang River Basin, and adopting a multi-point, multi-species/variety field experiment method. Correlation analysis, stepwise linear regression analysis, and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) of multiple distribution models were employed to explore the relationship between environmental factors, Cd content, bioconcentration factor (BCF), and the soil safety threshold in cucurbit vegetables. The results showed the following: 1) The influence of environmental factors on Cd content in cucurbit vegetables was significantly stronger than that of genotypes, and the environment, variety, and environment-variety interaction explained 94.05% and 84.03% of the Cd content and BCF of cucurbit vegetables, of which the contribution of the environment was 62.90% and 36.67%, respectively. 2) The Cd content of cucurbit vegetables was significantly positively correlated with total soil Cd and available Cd (r=0.721, p≤0.01; r=0.737, p≤0.01) and was significantly negatively correlated with pH (r= −0.390, p≤0.01). Soil available Cd concentration and pH were the main influencing factors, explaining 60.80% of the variation in Cd content in cucurbit vegetables. 3) The overall risk of exceeding the standard for cucurbit vegetables is low, but there was a significant difference in Cd enrichment capabilities among different varieties, with chestnut pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) V5 showing high sensitivity, whereas honey pumpkin V6 showed low sensitivity. 4) Based on the Burr type III distribution model, it was estimated that the soil Cd threshold 1.316 mg∙kg⁻¹ could ensure safe produce of 95% of cucurbit vegetable varieties. This study provides scientific guidance for variety selection and risk control in the cultivation of cucurbit vegetables in Cd contaminated soils.

Key words: cucurbit vegetables, cadmium, species sensitivity distribution (SSD), bioconcentration factor (BCF), safe threshold

中图分类号:

纪晟莹, 李杰, 李鑫, 陶禹, 陈娟, 王晓玉. 环境与基因型互作对瓜类蔬菜镉积累的影响及产地土壤安全阈值研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(12): 1944-1952.

JI Shengying, LI Jie, LI Xin, TAO Yu, CHEN Juan, WANG Xiaoyu. Research on the Interaction of Environmental Factors and Genotypes on Cadmium Accumulation in Cucurbit Vegetables and the Soil Safe Threshold[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1944-1952.

图/表 6

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[55]	中华人民共和国国家卫生和计划生育委员会, 国家食品药品监督管理总局, 2016. 食品安全国家标准食品中多元素的测定:GB 5009. 268—2016 [S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社: 1-14
	The National Health Commission, National Medical Products Administration of the People’s Republic of China, 2016. National standards for food safety Determination of multielement in food: GB 5009. 268—2016 [S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China: 1-14.

种类	蔬菜编号	品种名	商品名
冬瓜	V1	黑皮冬瓜	兴蔬墨地龙
冬瓜	V2	粉皮冬瓜	兴蔬粉地龙
丝瓜	V3	中熟长绿丝瓜	兴蔬新美佳
丝瓜	V4	极早熟绿丝瓜	兴蔬早佳
南瓜	V5	板栗南瓜	金优红板栗
南瓜	V6	蜜本南瓜	兴蔬大果蜜本

种类	蔬菜编号	品种名	商品名
冬瓜	V1	黑皮冬瓜	兴蔬墨地龙
冬瓜	V2	粉皮冬瓜	兴蔬粉地龙
丝瓜	V3	中熟长绿丝瓜	兴蔬新美佳
丝瓜	V4	极早熟绿丝瓜	兴蔬早佳
南瓜	V5	板栗南瓜	金优红板栗
南瓜	V6	蜜本南瓜	兴蔬大果蜜本

试验点	编号	w_(总镉)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_{(有效态镉)}/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(有机质)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	pH
株洲市	S1	2.55±0.07aA	1.85±0.03aA	35.18±1.60deDEF	4.90±0.07cCD
	S3	1.95±0.05cC	1.43±0.03bB	33.39±0.39efEF	4.59±0.07defDEF
	S8	0.63±0.04fF	0.42±0.04efgEF	19.75±1.08hH	5.30±0.10bB
	S11	0.59±0.01fF	0.32±0.01gFG	37.69±0.62cdCD	5.72±0.11aA
	S12	0.91±0.05eE	0.50±0.02eE	35.09±0.66deDEF	5.60±0.09aAB
湘潭市	S2	2.25±0.06bB	1.44±0.05bB	36.31±0.97cdeCDE	4.54±0.06efEF
	S4	1.29±0.03dD	0.91±0.03cC	31.32±1.03fF	4.74±0.13cdeCDEF
	S5	1.42±0.06dD	0.82±0.07cCD	24.48±0.90gG	4.83±0.08cdCDE
	S6	0.60±0.03fF	0.38±0.01fgEF	52.39±1.31aA	4.46±0.05fF
	S7	0.99±0.07eE	0.70±0.05dD	38.67±0.75cCD	4.95±0.03cC
	S9	0.62±0.05fF	0.48±0.04efE	39.28±1.02cC	5.59±0.09aAB
长沙市	S10	0.40±0.01gG	0.20±0.00hG	43.48±1.11bB	4.12±0.06gG
中国土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—2018)
风险筛选值		0.3	‒	‒	pH≤5.5
		0.3	‒	‒	5.5<pH≤6.5
风险管制值		1.5	‒	‒	pH≤5.5
		2.0	‒	‒	5.5<pH≤6.5

试验点	编号	w_(总镉)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_{(有效态镉)}/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(有机质)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	pH
株洲市	S1	2.55±0.07aA	1.85±0.03aA	35.18±1.60deDEF	4.90±0.07cCD
	S3	1.95±0.05cC	1.43±0.03bB	33.39±0.39efEF	4.59±0.07defDEF
	S8	0.63±0.04fF	0.42±0.04efgEF	19.75±1.08hH	5.30±0.10bB
	S11	0.59±0.01fF	0.32±0.01gFG	37.69±0.62cdCD	5.72±0.11aA
	S12	0.91±0.05eE	0.50±0.02eE	35.09±0.66deDEF	5.60±0.09aAB
湘潭市	S2	2.25±0.06bB	1.44±0.05bB	36.31±0.97cdeCDE	4.54±0.06efEF
	S4	1.29±0.03dD	0.91±0.03cC	31.32±1.03fF	4.74±0.13cdeCDEF
	S5	1.42±0.06dD	0.82±0.07cCD	24.48±0.90gG	4.83±0.08cdCDE
	S6	0.60±0.03fF	0.38±0.01fgEF	52.39±1.31aA	4.46±0.05fF
	S7	0.99±0.07eE	0.70±0.05dD	38.67±0.75cCD	4.95±0.03cC
	S9	0.62±0.05fF	0.48±0.04efE	39.28±1.02cC	5.59±0.09aAB
长沙市	S10	0.40±0.01gG	0.20±0.00hG	43.48±1.11bB	4.12±0.06gG
中国土壤环境质量标准(GB 15618—2018)
风险筛选值		0.3	‒	‒	pH≤5.5
		0.3	‒	‒	5.5<pH≤6.5
风险管制值		1.5	‒	‒	pH≤5.5
		2.0	‒	‒	5.5<pH≤6.5

评价因素	差异来源	S_F	df	F	S
蔬菜镉含量	环境	0.0234	11	101.05^**	62.90%
	品种	0.0055	5	52.35^**	14.81%
	环境×品种	0.0061	54	5.35^**	16.34%
BCF	环境	0.0085	11	35.11^**	36.67%
	品种	0.0047	5	42.74^**	20.30%
	环境×品种	0.0063	54	5.28^**	27.06%

环境与基因型互作对瓜类蔬菜镉积累的影响及产地土壤安全阈值研究

Research on the Interaction of Environmental Factors and Genotypes on Cadmium Accumulation in Cucurbit Vegetables and the Soil Safe Threshold

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