不同品种烟草对轻度污染耕地土壤中镉的累积特征与减量修复潜力

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1516-1524.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.017

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

不同品种烟草对轻度污染耕地土壤中镉的累积特征与减量修复潜力

范婉仪¹^,²(), 涂晨¹^,², 王顺扬¹, 吴昕优¹^,², 李烜桢³, 骆永明¹^,²^,^*

1.中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室（南京土壤研究所），江苏南京 210008
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.河南农业大学林学院，河南郑州 450002

收稿日期:2023-01-17 出版日期:2023-08-18 发布日期:2023-11-08
通讯作者: *骆永明。
作者简介:范婉仪（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为重金属污染土壤的植物修复。E-mail: fanwanyi@issas.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目课题(2022YFD1700104);国家自然科学基金重大项目(41991330)

Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics and Pollution Reduction Potential of Different Tobacco Species in Lightly Contaminated Farmland Soils

FAN Wanyi¹^,²(), TU Chen¹^,², WANG Shunyang¹, WU Xinyou¹^,², LI Xuanzhen³, LUO Yongming¹^,²^,^*

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3. College of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China

Received:2023-01-17 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

烟草（Nicotiana tabacum L.）具有生物量大、适应性强、栽培面积广、栽种技术成熟等特点，对镉污染土壤可能具有较大的植物修复潜力。为了比较轻度镉（Cd）污染土壤上不同品种烟草对镉的积累能力和减量修复潜力，以烟草品种云烟87和K326为研究对象，采用盆栽试验比较了两种烟草在台州（铁聚水耕人为土，Cd 0.83 mg?kg^-1）和徐州（砂姜钙积潮湿变性土，Cd 0.76 mg?kg^-1）两种不同类型镉轻度污染土壤上的生长状况和镉累积特征，以及烟草收获后土壤中有效态Cd（CaCl₂和NH₄OAc提取态）和总Cd的质量分数变化，评估了2种烟草对轻度Cd染土壤的减量修复潜力。结果表明，种植50 d后，同一品种在台州土壤中的株高、根和茎干质量显著高于徐州土壤，但同一土壤上生长的两种烟草之间在株高、地上部鲜质量和干质量等指标方面均无显著性差异。在2种土壤上，烟草K326的叶片中Cd质量分数（15.1－25.3 mg?kg^-1）均显著高于云烟87（11.7－20.7 mg?kg^-1），但2种烟草的根和茎中的Cd质量分数无显著性差异。2种烟草的地上部生物富集系数和地下部向地上部转移系数均大于1；在徐州土壤上，云烟87和K326的地上部生物富集系数分别高达23.09和28.16，茎向叶转移系数则分别达到3.18和3.40。种植云烟87和K326可显著降低土壤中CaCl₂提取态和NH₄OAc提取态Cd质量分数，从而显著降低土壤中有效态Cd和总Cd质量分数。烟草K326的Cd吸取总量（285.0－310.2 μg?pot^-1）显著高于云烟87（254.8－261.2 μg?pot^-1），移除烟草植株后，云烟87和K326对土壤总Cd的去除率最高分别可达8.4%和9.4%。云烟87和K326可作为高积累性作物，对轻度污染耕地土壤具有较大的Cd减量修复潜力。

关键词: 镉, 烟草, 耕地土壤, 植物吸取, 富集与转移

Abstract:

Due to its large biomass, strong adaptability, wide cultivation area, and mature planting technologies, tobacco has a strong application potential in the phytoremediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils. To compare the Cd accumulation capacity and soil reduction remediation potential of different tobacco species in lightly Cd-contaminated soils, Yunyan 87 and K326 were selected as test tobacco species in this study. Pot experiments were carried out with two different types of soils collected from Taizhou (Fe-accumulic-Stagnic Anthrosols, Cd: 0.83 mg?kg^-1) and Xuzhou (Shajiang Calci-aquic Vertosols, Cd: 0.76 mg?kg^-1), respectively. The growth of tobacco, the Cd accumulation characteristics, the changes of available Cd (CaCl₂ and NH₄OAc extracted Cd) and the total Cd contents in the soil were analyzed, to evaluate the reduction remediation potential of two tobacco species for the lightly Cd-contaminated soil. The results showed that the plant height and dry weight of root and shoot of the two tobacco species grown in Taizhou soil were higher than those in Xuzhou soil, but there were no significant differences between the plant height, fresh weight of shoots, and dry weight of each part of the two species on the same soil. In both Xuzhou and Taizhou soils, Cd contents in tobacco leaves were significantly higher in K326 (15.1?25.3 mg?kg^-1) than in Yunyan 87 (11.7?20.7 mg?kg^-1), but there were no significant differences in root and shoot Cd contents between the two species. The aboveground bioconcentration factors and the underground to aboveground translocation factors of Yunyan 87 and K326 were greater than one. In Xuzhou soil, the aboveground bioconcentration factors of Yunyan 87 and K326 reached 23.09 and 28.16, and the shoot to leaf translocation factors were 3.18 and 3.40, respectively. Planting of Yunyan 87 and K326 can significantly decrease the CaCl₂ and NH₄OAc extracted available Cd and the total Cd contents in the soil. The total uptake of Cd by K326 (285.0?310.2 μg?pot^-1) was significantly higher than by Yunyan 87 (254.8?261.2 μg?pot^-1). 8.4% and 9.4% of the total Cd in soil could be removed by planting and harvesting tobacco species, Yunyan87 and K326. Hence, Yunyan 87 and K326 can be used as Cd high-accumulation crops, which have a great potential in the reduction remediation of lightly Cd-polluted farmland soil.

Key words: cadmium, tobacco, farmland soil, plant uptake, accumulation and transfer

中图分类号:

范婉仪, 涂晨, 王顺扬, 吴昕优, 李烜桢, 骆永明. 不同品种烟草对轻度污染耕地土壤中镉的累积特征与减量修复潜力[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1516-1524.

FAN Wanyi, TU Chen, WANG Shunyang, WU Xinyou, LI Xuanzhen, LUO Yongming. Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics and Pollution Reduction Potential of Different Tobacco Species in Lightly Contaminated Farmland Soils[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(8): 1516-1524.

图/表 7

表1 供试土壤主要理化性质

Table 1 The main physico-chemical properties of the two soils tested

项目	台州土	徐州土
土壤类型	铁聚水耕人为土	砂姜钙积潮湿变性土
土壤pH	5.60	5.08
黏粒质量分数/%	11.7	11.5
粉粒质量分数/%	67.1	70.2
砂粒质量分数/%	21.2	18.3
阳离子交换量/(cmol∙kg^-1)	7.52	15.23
有机质质量分数/(g∙kg^-1)	44.03	22.09
总氮质量分数/(g∙kg^-1)	2.99	1.24
速效磷质量分数/(mg∙kg^-1)	34.84	42.21
速效钾质量分数/(mg∙kg^-1)	70.25	102.55
总镉质量分数/(mg∙kg^-1)	0.83	0.76

图1 两种土壤中不同品种烟草移栽50 d后的生长状况同一颜色直方柱上方不同大/小写字母表示显著性差异（P<0.05）；样品重复数n=4。下同

Figure 1 The growth of different tobacco species after transplantation for 50 days in two soils

图2 两种土壤中不同品种烟草不同部位Cd质量分数

Figure 2 The Cd contents in different parts of different tobacco species in two soils

表2 不同品种烟草的生物富集系数和转移系数

Table 2 Bioaccumulation factors (BCF) and transfer factor (TF) of different tobacco species

土壤	烟草品种	V_BCF(root)	V_BCF(shoot)	V_{TF(root-shoot)}	V_{TF(root-stem)}	V_{TF(stem-leaf)}
台州土	云烟87	8.94	12.03	1.37	0.60	2.67
台州土	K326	8.28	14.82	1.90	0.93	2.48
徐州土	云烟87	9.08	23.09	2.54	0.95	3.18
徐州土	K326	10.16	28.16	3.13	1.10	3.40

图3 不同品种烟草移除后两种土壤中有效态Cd质量分数

Figure 3 Available Cd contents in two soils after the removal of different tobacco species

图4 不同品种烟草移除后土壤中的总Cd质量分数

Figure 4 Total Cd contents in two soils after the removal of different tobacco species

表3 两种土壤上不同品种烟草各部位的Cd吸取量和Cd去除率

Table 3 Plant uptake and Cd removal rate by different parts of tobacco species in two soils

土壤	烟草品种	植物Cd吸取量/(µg∙pot^-1)				Cd去除率/%
土壤	烟草品种	根	茎	叶	整株	根	茎	叶	整株
台州土	云烟87	19.8±2.7	25.0±2.7	216.5±24.5	261.2±28.3	0.6±0.1	0.8±0.1	6.5±0.7	7.9±0.9
台州土	K326	19.6±2.7	45.0±8.2	245.6±44.6	310.2±49.2	0.6±0.1	1.4±0.2	7.4±1.3	9.3±1.5
徐州土	云烟87	9.9±1.7	20.8±4.5	224.1±40.6	254.8±46.7	0.3±0.1	0.7±0.1	7.4±1.3	8.4±1.5
徐州土	K326	9.3±0.9	23.1±2.4	252.6±31.9	285.0±30.3	0.3±0.0	0.8±0.1	8.3±1.0	9.4±1.0

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不同品种烟草对轻度污染耕地土壤中镉的累积特征与减量修复潜力

Cadmium Accumulation Characteristics and Pollution Reduction Potential of Different Tobacco Species in Lightly Contaminated Farmland Soils

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