秦岭典型钼矿区不同植物群落对矿区土壤碳汇效应研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.004

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1862-1873.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.004

秦岭典型钼矿区不同植物群落对矿区土壤碳汇效应研究

袁梦瑶¹(), 赖潘民旺¹^,^*(), 胡渭平², 王姊煜¹, 贺峰¹, 张敏¹, 万学雅¹, 张晨昊¹, 张超¹, 郭军康¹

1.陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院，陕西西安 710021
2.中材地质工程勘查研究院有限公司，北京 100102

收稿日期:2024-04-23 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-12-31
通讯作者: *赖潘民旺。E-mail: laipanminwang@sust.edu.cn
作者简介:袁梦瑶（2000年生），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为生态修复与土壤固碳。E-mail: ymy10058@163.com
基金资助:
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(2024JC-YBQN-0319);陕西省科技创新团队项目(2022TD-09);陕西省重点产业链项目(2022ZDLNY02-02)

Effect of Different Plant Communities on Soil Carbon Sequestration in a Typical Mining Area of Qinling Mountains

YUAN Mengyao¹(), LAI PAN Minwang¹^,^*(), HU Weiping², WANG Ziyu¹, HE Feng¹, ZHANG Min¹, WAN Xueya¹, ZHANG Chenhao¹, ZHANG Chao¹, GUO Junkang¹

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology Xi’an 710021, P. R. China
2. CNBM Geological Engineering Exploration Academy Co., Ltd. Beijing 100102, P. R. China

Received:2024-04-23 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

秦岭地区钼矿资源丰富，大规模开发钼矿带来了生态环境问题。增加土壤碳储量或许是矿区生态恢复的关键措施，以此评估矿区本土植物对土壤储碳的贡献或有助于筛选出一批生态恢复能力好，能加速矿区成土过程和维持土壤肥力的本土植被物种。以秦岭某钼尾矿库自然恢复区不同植被为研究对象，通过比较不同植被群落表层和根际土的碳含量，溶解性有机质（DOM）含量，DOM的来源与类型，不同根际土壤的矿物物相组成情况，植被根际土壤CO₂呼吸量等，筛选出对土壤有机碳增汇效益高的本土野生植物种群。研究结果表明：植物碳增汇普遍在100%－650%之间，其中芦苇（Phragmites australis）、白茅（Imperata cylindrica）、香青（Anaphalis sinica）、芒草（Miscanthus）等植物对矿区土壤固碳的效果最为突出；从DOM角度看，各植被表层土DOM质量分数为12.35－20.96 g∙kg⁻¹，根际土DOM质量分数为4.52－15.71 g∙kg⁻¹，普遍为裸露区域DOM质量分数的3－12倍，其中芦苇更有利于产生高含量DOM；与其他植物相比，香青根际土壤CO₂呼吸量较高，土壤深度为5 cm时可达空气CO₂含量的3.5倍。三维荧光检测结果表明，DOM主要来自凋落物、根系分泌物分解等外源输入，其中芦苇表层土中腐殖质含量较高，对土壤腐殖质贡献更大。从矿区土壤恢复碳汇角度分析，认为芦苇、香青、芒草和白茅这几种植物可作为秦岭钼矿生态脆弱区生态恢复的先锋植物，其有助于提高秦岭钼尾矿库生态脆弱区碳汇，达成长效生态固碳和生态恢复协同目标。

关键词: 土壤碳含量, 植物固碳, 矿区碳增汇, 矿区恢复, 植物筛选

Abstract:

The Qinling region is rich in molybdenum (Mo) resources, and large-scale Mo mining has resulted in ecological issues. Increasing soil carbon storage may be a key measure for ecological restoration in mining areas. Assessing the contribution of native plants to soil carbon storage in mining areas may help to select a group of native vegetation species with good ecological recovery ability, which can accelerate the soil formation process and maintain soil fertility in mining areas. This study focused on different vegetation types in a naturally restored area of a molybdenum tailings pond in Qinling. By comparing the carbon content of surface and rhizosphere soils, the content of dissolved organic matter (DOM), the sources and types of DOM, the mineral phase composition of different rhizosphere soils, and the CO₂ respiration of the rhizosphere soils, a selection of native wild plant species with high soil organic carbon sequestration benefits was made. The results showed that plant carbon sequestration generally ranged from 100% to 650%, with Phragmites australis, Imperata cylindrica, Anaphalis sinica, and Miscanthus being the most effective in soil carbon sequestration in the mining area. From the perspective of DOM, the DOM mass fraction of surface soils of various vegetation types ranged from about 12.35 to 20.96 g∙kg⁻¹, and the DOM mass fraction of rhizosphere soils ranged from about 4.52 to 15.71 g∙kg⁻¹, generally about 3-12 times the DOM content of exposed areas. Phragmites australis was more conducive to generating high DOM content. Compared to other plants, the CO₂ respiration of the rhizosphere soils of Anaphalis sinica was higher, with the CO₂ content reaching 3.5 times that of air at a soil depth of 5 cm. The EEM results showed that DOM mainly originated from the decomposition of litter and root exudates, with a higher humus content in the surface soil of Phragmites australis, contributing more to soil humus. From the perspective of soil carbon sequestration in mining area restoration, this study suggests that Phragmites australis, Anaphalis sinica, Miscanthus, and Imperata cylindrica can serve as pioneer plants for ecological restoration in the ecologically fragile areas of the Qinling molybdenum tailings pond. They can help increase carbon sequestration in the ecologically fragile areas of the Qinling Molybdenum tailings pond, thereby achieving long-term goals of ecological carbon sequestration and restoration.

Key words: soil carbon content, carbon sequestration by plants, carbon sink in mining area, mining area restoration, plant selection

中图分类号:

袁梦瑶, 赖潘民旺, 胡渭平, 王姊煜, 贺峰, 张敏, 万学雅, 张晨昊, 张超, 郭军康. 秦岭典型钼矿区不同植物群落对矿区土壤碳汇效应研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(12): 1862-1873.

YUAN Mengyao, LAI PAN Minwang, HU Weiping, WANG Ziyu, HE Feng, ZHANG Min, WAN Xueya, ZHANG Chenhao, ZHANG Chao, GUO Junkang. Effect of Different Plant Communities on Soil Carbon Sequestration in a Typical Mining Area of Qinling Mountains[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1862-1873.

图/表 10

图a 基于陕S(2021)023号的标准地图制作，底图边界无修改尾矿库地理位置、卫星图及现状

图1 Geographical location, satellite map and status of tailings ponds

图2 各土样XRD图谱

Figure 2 XRD pattern of each soil sample

图3 各土样碳质量分数 1－4依次代表无植被无藓区、苔藓生长区、苔藓成熟区、矿砂；Ⅰ－Ⅶ依次代表迷迭香区、苍术区、白茅区、香青区、黄花蒿区、芒草区、芦苇区。下同

Figure 3 Mass fraction of carbon in each soil sample

图4 各土样有机质质量分数

Figure 4 Mass fraction of organic matter in each soil sample

图5 各土样相比于无苔藓无植被区碳增汇比例 1－3 依次代表苔藓生长区、苔藓成熟区、矿砂，Ⅰ－Ⅶ依次代表迷迭香区、苍术区、白茅区、香青区、黄花蒿区、芒草区、芦苇区

Figure 5 Proportion of carbon sink increase in each soil sample compared to the area without moss and vegetation

图6 各土样（非）溶解性有机质质量分数、DOM质量浓度、CDOM质量分数（以吸收系数表示）

Figure 6 Mass fraction of (non-)DOM, DOM mass concentration and CDOM mass fraction (expressed by absorption coefficient) among soil samples

图7 各土样SUVA254、SUVA260及A250/A365

Figure 7 SUVA254, SUVA260 and A250/A365 in each soil sample

图8 植被不同深度根际土CO2呼吸量 1－7依次代表空气、无植被无藓区、迷迭香区、白茅区、香青区、黄花蒿区、芦苇区

Figure 8 CO2 respiration rate of rhizosphere soil at different depths of vegetation

表1 各土样荧光指数及生物源指数

Table 1 Fluorescence index and biological index of each soil sample

样品名称	FI	BIX
苔藓生长区	1.06	1.55
苔藓成熟区	0.98	1.15
芦苇 (Phragmites australis) 区表层土	1.05	1.53
白茅 (Imperata cylindrica) 区表层土	0.96	1.04
芒草 (Miscanthus) 区表层土	1.00	1.15

图9 各土样DOM三维荧光光谱

Figure 9 DOM-EEM of each soil sample

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秦岭典型钼矿区不同植物群落对矿区土壤碳汇效应研究

Effect of Different Plant Communities on Soil Carbon Sequestration in a Typical Mining Area of Qinling Mountains

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