刺槐根系和根际土对7种乔灌草植物的化感潜力

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.09.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (9): 1406-1415.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.09.008

刺槐根系和根际土对7种乔灌草植物的化感潜力

朱玲(), 魏天兴^*(), 于欢, 王仙, 范德卉, 赵雨琪

北京林业大学地理系/山西吉县森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站/北京林业大学水土保持国家林业局重点实验室，北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-05-13 出版日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2024-10-18
通讯作者: ^*魏天兴。E-mail: weitx@bjfu.edu.cn
作者简介:朱玲（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为生态环境地理。E-mail: 2211430263@qq.com
基金资助:
“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFF130040104);“十四五”国家重点研发计划(2022YFF1300801)

Allelopathic Potential of Robinia pseudoacacia Root System and Rhizosphere Soil on 7 Species of Arbor, Shrub, and Grass Plants

ZHU Ling(), WEI Tianxing^*(), YU Huan, WANG Xian, FAN Dehui, ZHAO Yuqi

Department of Geography, Beijing Forestry University/Jixian National Forest Ecosystem Observation and Research Station/Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100083, P. R. China

Received:2024-05-13 Online:2024-09-18 Published:2024-10-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

刺槐（Robinia pseudoacacia）抗干旱胁迫能力、生长速率和适应性较强，是黄土丘陵区主要造林树种之一。为探究刺槐根系和根际土对该区常见乔木、灌木和草本植物的化感潜力，以刺槐根系和根际土为实验材料，采用生物测定法，设定根系和根际土浸提液质量浓度为0.5、1.0、3.0、5.0、7.0、10.0 mg∙mL⁻¹，测定不同质量浓度浸提液对冰草（Agropyron cristatum）、侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）、刺槐、胡枝子（Lespedeza bicolor）、绣线菊（Spiraea salicifolia）、油松（Pinus tabuliformis）、紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响，分析其化感作用。结果表明，刺槐根系和根际土对受体植物各指标的化感作用受到质量浓度、受体植物种类和化感物质来源，及两两之间交互作用的显著影响。1）刺槐根系和根际土浸提液促进刺槐和绣线菊的种子萌发，促进作用随浸提液质量浓度增加而加强，对绣线菊的促进作用强于刺槐；根际土对刺槐种子萌发的促进作用强于根系，对绣线菊来说则相反。刺槐根系和根际土浸提液对冰草、侧柏、胡枝子、油松、紫花苜蓿种子萌发的化感作用规律一致，呈现“低促高抑”的效应。2）刺槐根系和根际土浸提液对胡枝子、冰草、侧柏、油松、绣线菊和刺槐幼苗生长的化感作用一致，其中根系和根际土浸提液促进胡枝子幼苗生长，促进作用随浸提液质量浓度的增加先增强后减弱，且根系的促进作用强于根际土；对其他5种受体植物均表现为“低促高抑”的效应。刺槐根系和根际土浸提液对紫花苜蓿幼苗生长的化感作用不一致，根系浸提液抑制紫花苜蓿的幼苗生长，根际土浸提液对其呈现“低促高抑”的效应。该研究可为刺槐林的乔灌草复合搭配提供科学依据。

关键词: 刺槐, 根系, 根际土, 化感潜力, 种子萌发, 幼苗生长, 人工林

Abstract:

Robinia pseudoacacia is one of the main afforestation species in the Loess Hilly region and has a strong ability to resist drought stress, fast growth rate, and strong adaptability. To explore the allelopathic potential of the R. pseudoacacia root system and rhizosphere soil to common arbor, shrub, and grass in this area, using the R. pseudoacacia root system and rhizosphere soil as experimental materials, the mass concentrations of the root system and rhizosphere soil extract were set as 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0, 7.0, 10.0 mg∙mL⁻¹, respectively. The effects of different leaching solution mass concentrations on seed germination and seedling growth of Agropyron cristatum, Platycladus orientalis, R. pseudoacacia, Lespedeza bicolor, Spiraea salicifolia, Pinus tabuliformis, and Medicago sativa were determined, and their allelopathy was analyzed. The results showed that the allelopathic potential of the root and rhizosphere soil extracts on the target plants was significantly influenced by the mass concentration, plant species, source of allelochemicals, and their interactions. 1) Root and rhizosphere soil extracts promoted seed germination in R. pseudoacacia and S. salicifolia, and the promoting effect increased with increasing mass concentration of the extracts. The promoting effect on S. salicifolia was greater than that on R. pseudoacacia. The effect of rhizosphere soil on seed germination of R. pseudoacacia was stronger than that of the root system, but the opposite was true for S. salicifolia. The allelopathic effects of the root system and rhizosphere soil extracts of R. pseudoacacia on the seed germination of A. cristatum, P. orientalis, L. bicolor, P. tabuliformis, and M. sativa are consistent, showing a “low promoting, high inhibiting” effect. 2) The allelopathic effects of the root system and rhizosphere soil extracts of R. pseudoacacia on the growth of L. bicolor, A. cristatum, P. orientalis, P. tabuliformis, S. salicifolia, and itslef seedlings are consistent. The root system and rhizosphere soil extracts promoted the growth of L. bicolor seedlings, with the promotion effect first increasing and then decreasing with increasing mass concentrations of extracts, and the root system had a stronger promotion effect than the rhizosphere soil. For the other five receptor plants, allelopathic effects were “low in promotion and high in inhibition”. The allelopathic effects of the root system and rhizosphere soil extracts of R. pseudoacacia on the growth of M. sativa seedlings are inconsistent. The root system extract inhibited the growth of M. sativa seedlings, while the rhizosphere soil extract showed “low promotion and high inhibition” effect. This study provides a scientific basis for combining trees, shrubs, and grasses in R. pseudoacacia forests.

Key words: Robinia pseudoacacia, root, rhizosphere soil, allelopathic potential, seed germination, seedling growth, artificial forest

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

朱玲, 魏天兴, 于欢, 王仙, 范德卉, 赵雨琪. 刺槐根系和根际土对7种乔灌草植物的化感潜力[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(9): 1406-1415.

ZHU Ling, WEI Tianxing, YU Huan, WANG Xian, FAN Dehui, ZHAO Yuqi. Allelopathic Potential of Robinia pseudoacacia Root System and Rhizosphere Soil on 7 Species of Arbor, Shrub, and Grass Plants[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(9): 1406-1415.

图/表 9

参考文献 35

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样地编号	树种	海拔/ m	坡度/ (°)	坡向	郁闭度/%	平均胸径/cm	平均高度/m
1	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	1159	22	SE13°	80	7.58	8.46
2	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	1148	26	SE32°	82	11.31	9.24
3	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	1186	23	NW24°	85	14.53	10.15

样地编号	树种	海拔/ m	坡度/ (°)	坡向	郁闭度/%	平均胸径/cm	平均高度/m
1	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	1159	22	SE13°	80	7.58	8.46
2	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	1148	26	SE32°	82	11.31	9.24
3	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	1186	23	NW24°	85	14.53	10.15

影响因素	发芽率		发芽势
影响因素	F	p	F	p
不同浸提液	0.444	0.506	0.889	0.347
质量浓度	10.216	<0.001	23.311	<0.001
受体植物	705.233	<0.001	1617.928	<0.001
不同浸提液×质量浓度	0.498	0.778	7.180	<0.001
不同浸提液×受体植物	6.201	<0.001	23.027	<0.001
质量浓度×受体植物	11.127	<0.001	20.755	<0.001
不同浸提液×质量浓度×受体植物	0.881	0.648	5.541	<0.001

影响因素	发芽率		发芽势
影响因素	F	p	F	p
不同浸提液	0.444	0.506	0.889	0.347
质量浓度	10.216	<0.001	23.311	<0.001
受体植物	705.233	<0.001	1617.928	<0.001
不同浸提液×质量浓度	0.498	0.778	7.180	<0.001
不同浸提液×受体植物	6.201	<0.001	23.027	<0.001
质量浓度×受体植物	11.127	<0.001	20.755	<0.001
不同浸提液×质量浓度×受体植物	0.881	0.648	5.541	<0.001

影响因素	胚芽鲜质量
影响因素	F	p
不同浸提液	0.348	0.556
质量浓度	3.900	0.002
受体植物	121.781	<0.001
不同浸提液×质量浓度	0.103	0.991
不同浸提液×受体植物	0.492	0.814
质量浓度×受体植物	1.181	0.250
不同浸提液×质量浓度×受体植物	0.106	1.000

刺槐根系和根际土对7种乔灌草植物的化感潜力

Allelopathic Potential of Robinia pseudoacacia Root System and Rhizosphere Soil on 7 Species of Arbor, Shrub, and Grass Plants

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质量浓度/ (mg∙mL⁻¹)	胚芽鲜质量/mg
质量浓度/ (mg∙mL⁻¹)	冰草 A. cristatum	侧柏 P. orientalis	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	胡枝子 L. bicolor	绣线菊 S. salicifolia	油松 P. tabuliformis	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa
0	4.26±0.55b	30.02±3.16ab	77.22±10.67a	6.92±0.96b	12.42±1.71a	71.13±19.34a	14.96±2.07ab
0.5	4.46±0.57b	30.73±3.21ab	80.01±11.05a	7.32±1.00ab	13.60±1.89a	74.78±20.37a	15.48±2.14ab
1.0	6.11±0.79a	33.97±3.54a	87.61±12.12a	8.35±1.15ab	15.32±2.12a	79.90±21.77a	16.82±2.33a
3.0	4.86±0.64ab	31.48±3.29a	76.82±10.62a	10.83±1.52a	13.08±1.81a	109.78±29.90a	16.14±2.23ab
5.0	2.90±0.38bc	28.12±3.07ab	74.33±10.28a	10.96±1.51a	11.84±1.64a	78.73±21.44a	13.69±1.89ab
7.0	2.02±0.26c	25.65±2.79ab	74.61±10.33a	9.92±1.37ab	10.69±1.48a	63.83±7.38a	12.00±1.66ab
10.0	1.38±0.18c	21.84±2.39b	62.60±8.65a	9.04±1.25ab	9.68±1.34a	54.12±14.73a	10.46±1.45b

不同浸提液	受体植物	综合化感效应指数 (SE)
		浸提液质量浓度/(mg∙mL⁻¹)
		0.5	1.0	3.0	5.0	7.0	10.0
根系	冰草A. cristatum	0.092	0.211	0.174	−0.050	−0.083	−0.363
	侧柏P. orientalis	0.085	0.336	0.170	−0.086	−0.158	−0.605
	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	0.140	0.193	0.235	0.268	0.298	0.323
	胡枝子L. bicolor	0.528	0.516	0.369	−0.106	−0.483	−0.660
	绣线菊S. salicifolia	0.167	0.294	0.287	0.374	0.388	0.418
	油松P. tabuliformis	0.215	0.083	0.334	0.417	0.353	−0.138
	紫花苜蓿M. sativa	0.032	0.127	0.106	−0.022	−0.099	−0.178
根际土	冰草A. cristatum	0.268	0.406	0.346	0.160	−0.203	−0.333
	侧柏P. orientalis	0.270	0.452	0.031	0.257	0.174	−0.605
	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	0.077	0.154	0.215	0.296	0.325	0.403
	胡枝子L. bicolor	0.495	0.558	0.356	−0.316	−0.150	−0.446
	绣线菊S. salicifolia	−0.048	0.152	0.228	0.315	0.347	0.316
	油松P. tabuliformis	0.494	0.606	0.497	0.420	0.317	−0.135
	紫花苜蓿M. sativa	0.047	0.122	−0.034	−0.073	−0.153	−0.480

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不同浸提液	受体植物	综合化感效应指数 (SE)
		浸提液质量浓度/(mg∙mL⁻¹)
		0.5	1.0	3.0	5.0	7.0	10.0
根系	冰草A. cristatum	0.035	0.044	−0.050	−0.319	−0.439	−0.632
	侧柏P. orientalis	0.010	0.111	0.014	−0.150	−0.385	−0.573
	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	0.045	0.142	0.063	−0.123	−0.240	−0.362
	胡枝子L. bicolor	0.357	0.475	0.599	0.595	0.567	0.495
	绣线菊 S. salicifolia	0.129	0.268	0.071	−0.083	−0.264	−0.475
	油松 P. tabuliformis	0.002	0.126	0.267	−0.075	−0.227	−0.442
	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	−0.034	−0.032	−0.093	−0.226	−0.338	−0.423
根际土	冰草A. cristatum	0.126	0.281	0.102	−0.282	−0.493	−0.691
	侧柏P. orientalis	0.121	0.252	0.135	−0.073	−0.241	−0.485
	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	0.139	0.273	0.150	−0.025	−0.192	−0.338
	胡枝子L. bicolor	0.085	0.326	0.535	0.453	0.337	0.089
	绣线菊 S. salicifolia	−0.196	−0.019	0.069	−0.134	−0.282	−0.431
	油松 P. tabuliformis	0.113	0.248	0.298	0.047	−0.198	−0.347
	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	0.027	0.147	0.085	−0.166	−0.359	−0.517

不同浸提液	受体植物	综合化感效应指数 (SE)
		浸提液质量浓度/(mg∙mL⁻¹)
		0.5	1.0	3.0	5.0	7.0	10.0
根系	冰草A. cristatum	0.035	0.044	−0.050	−0.319	−0.439	−0.632
	侧柏P. orientalis	0.010	0.111	0.014	−0.150	−0.385	−0.573
	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	0.045	0.142	0.063	−0.123	−0.240	−0.362
	胡枝子L. bicolor	0.357	0.475	0.599	0.595	0.567	0.495
	绣线菊 S. salicifolia	0.129	0.268	0.071	−0.083	−0.264	−0.475
	油松 P. tabuliformis	0.002	0.126	0.267	−0.075	−0.227	−0.442
	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	−0.034	−0.032	−0.093	−0.226	−0.338	−0.423
根际土	冰草A. cristatum	0.126	0.281	0.102	−0.282	−0.493	−0.691
	侧柏P. orientalis	0.121	0.252	0.135	−0.073	−0.241	−0.485
	刺槐 R. pseudoacacia	0.139	0.273	0.150	−0.025	−0.192	−0.338
	胡枝子L. bicolor	0.085	0.326	0.535	0.453	0.337	0.089
	绣线菊 S. salicifolia	−0.196	−0.019	0.069	−0.134	−0.282	−0.431
	油松 P. tabuliformis	0.113	0.248	0.298	0.047	−0.198	−0.347
	紫花苜蓿 M. sativa	0.027	0.147	0.085	−0.166	−0.359	−0.517