金沙江观音岩库区植被覆盖度时空差异影响机制分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 997-1007.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.001

• 研究论文【生态学】 • 下一篇

金沙江观音岩库区植被覆盖度时空差异影响机制分析

汪东川¹^,²^,^*(), 李亭蓉¹, 王康健³, 孙苗苗⁴, 俞长锦¹, 杨菲¹, 杨琳⁵, 张万恒¹, 刘云绮¹, 曾孔鹏¹

1.天津城建大学地质与测绘学院，天津 300384
2.天津市水质科学与技术重点实验室，天津 300384
3.国交空间信息技术（北京）有限公司，北京 101300
4.航天宏图信息技术股份有限公司，天津 300384
5.重庆市开州中学，重庆 405400

收稿日期:2024-04-17 出版日期:2024-07-18 发布日期:2024-09-04
通讯作者: *
作者简介:汪东川（1972年生），男，教授，博士，研究方向为环境遥感监测、景观遥感动态监测、城市环境遥感感知、3S技术集成应用研究。E-mail: mrwangdc@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42271103)

Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Differences in Fraction Vegetation Coverage in the Guanyinyan Reservoir Area of the Jinsha River

WANG Dongchuan¹^,²^,^*(), LI Tingrong¹, WANG Kangjian³, SUN Miaomiao⁴, YU Changjin¹, YANG Fei¹, YANG Lin⁵, ZHANG Wanheng¹, LIU Yunqi¹, ZENG Kongpeng¹

1. School of Geology and Geomatics, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
2. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
3. Guojiao Space Information Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101300, P. R. China
4. PIESAT Information Technology Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300384, P. R. China
5. Chongqing Kaizhou middle school, Chongqing 405400, P. R. China

Received:2024-04-17 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2024-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

金沙江中下游干热河谷地区炎热少雨、水土流失严重、生态环境脆弱，大型水电站建设运行会带来各种影响，探究干热河谷内水电站周边植被覆盖度时空变化特征以及影响机制有重要意义。以观音岩库区为例，以2000－2022年Landsat系列遥感影像数据为基础，基于像元二分模型利用归一化植被指数反演植被覆盖度，构建植被覆盖度变化指数探究植被覆盖度时空演变特征，选取地表温度、降水量、高程、坡度、坡向、距河流距离6个地理影响因子，运用普通最小二乘法、地理加权回归分析，探究水电站建设周边地区的植被覆盖度影响机制。结果表明，1）研究区植被覆盖度空间分布存在规律性，具有明显的干热河谷特征，河谷沿岸植被覆盖度较低，随着与河流距离的增加，植被覆盖度呈正向升高的态势。2）水电站建设前后对植被覆盖度的影响具体表现为建站中的负面效应和建站后的增益效应，水电站建设过程中，周边植被遭到破坏，植被覆盖度轻度降低及显著降低面积占比达11.6%；建设完成后，植被覆盖度轻度升高及显著升高面积占比达41.2%。3）不同地理影响因子与植被覆盖度的相关性存在差异，地表温度整体呈现强负相关性，坡度整体呈现正相关性，降水量整体呈现较强相关性，高程、坡向、距河流距离整体呈现弱相关性，在32.6－36.8℃的地表温度下、775－796 mm的降水量下、低于1 448 m的高程下、距河流距离为1000 m以内的缓坡、阳坡内，水电站建设对于植被覆盖度的正面影响最大，植被恢复情况最好。该研究可以为干热河谷地区水电站建设及其生态屏障修复提供有益的决策参考。

关键词: 干热河谷, 水电开发, 植被覆盖度, 像元二分模型, 地理加权回归

Abstract:

The dry-hot valley area in the middle and lower reaches of the Jinsha River is characterized by hot and little rain, serious soil erosion, and a fragile ecological environment. The construction and operation of large-scale hydropower stations have various impacts. Exploring the temporal and spatial variation characteristics and response mechanisms of vegetation coverage around hydropower stations in dry-hot valleys is of great significance. Taking the Guanyinyan reservoir area as an example, based on Landsat series remote sensing image data from 2000 to 2022, the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was used to invert the Fraction Vegetation Coverage based on the dimidiate pixel model, and the Fraction Vegetation Coverage Change Index was constructed to explore the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of vegetation coverage. Six geographical influencing factors, land surface temperature, precipitation, elevation, slope, aspect, and distance from the river were selected. Ordinary least squares and geographically weighted regression were used to explore the influence mechanism of the Fraction Vegetation Coverage in the area surrounding hydropower station construction. The results showed that: 1) the spatial distribution of the Fraction Vegetation Coverage in the study area was regular, with obvious characteristics of the dry-hot valley. The Fraction Vegetation Coverage along the valley was low. With an increase in distance from the river, the Fraction Vegetation Coverage increased. 2) The impact on the Fraction Vegetation Coverage before and after the construction of a hydropower station had a negative effect on the construction of the station and the gain effect after the construction of the station. During the construction of the hydropower station, the surrounding vegetation was destroyed, and the proportion of areas with slight and significant decrease in the Fraction Vegetation Coverage was 11.6%. After the completion of construction, the proportion of areas with a slight and significant increase in the Fraction Vegetation Coverage was 41.2%. 3) The correlations between different geographical influencing factors and the Fraction Vegetation Coverage were different. Overall, land surface temperature showed a strong negative correlation, slope showed a positive correlation, precipitation showed a strong correlation, and elevation, aspect, and distance from the river showed weak correlations. At a land surface temperature of 32.6-36.8 ℃, precipitation of 775-796 mm, elevation below 1448 m, gentle slope, and sunny slope within 1000 m from the river, construction of a hydropower station had the greatest positive impact on the Fraction Vegetation Coverage, and the restoration of vegetation was the best. This study provides a useful decision-making reference for the construction of hydropower stations and restoration of ecological barriers in dry-hot valley areas.

Key words: the dry-hot valley, hydropower development, Fraction Vegetation Coverage, dimidiate pixel model, geographically weighted regression

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

汪东川, 李亭蓉, 王康健, 孙苗苗, 俞长锦, 杨菲, 杨琳, 张万恒, 刘云绮, 曾孔鹏. 金沙江观音岩库区植被覆盖度时空差异影响机制分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(7): 997-1007.

WANG Dongchuan, LI Tingrong, WANG Kangjian, SUN Miaomiao, YU Changjin, YANG Fei, YANG Lin, ZHANG Wanheng, LIU Yunqi, ZENG Kongpeng. Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Differences in Fraction Vegetation Coverage in the Guanyinyan Reservoir Area of the Jinsha River[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(7): 997-1007.

图/表 12

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植被覆盖度等级	建站前	建站中	建站后
低植被覆盖度	5.8	10.4	1.32
中低植被覆盖度	30.1	29.5	7.15
中植被覆盖度	26.7	22.1	38.5
中高植被覆盖度	22.6	20.7	43.4
高植被覆盖度	14.8	17.3	9.63

植被覆盖度等级	建站前	建站中	建站后
低植被覆盖度	5.8	10.4	1.32
中低植被覆盖度	30.1	29.5	7.15
中植被覆盖度	26.7	22.1	38.5
中高植被覆盖度	22.6	20.7	43.4
高植被覆盖度	14.8	17.3	9.63

等级	建站中与建站前	建站后与建站中	建站前后
显著降低	1.05	0.02	0.03
轻度降低	10.5	2.33	2.3
变化不显著	77.1	45.5	56.4
轻度升高	10.9	48.8	40.4
显著升高	0.45	3.35	0.78

等级	建站中与建站前	建站后与建站中	建站前后
显著降低	1.05	0.02	0.03
轻度降低	10.5	2.33	2.3
变化不显著	77.1	45.5	56.4
轻度升高	10.9	48.8	40.4
显著升高	0.45	3.35	0.78

地理影响因子	等级	分级标准	NFVCCI分区
地理影响因子	等级	分级标准	变化不显著	轻度升高
地表温度	1	0.190‒27.1 ℃	8.5%	6%
	2	27.1‒32.6 ℃	33.3%	30.1%
	3	32.6‒36.8 ℃	36.3%	42.1%
	4	36.8-63.7 ℃	21.9%	21.8%
降水量	1	<775 mm	39.2%	33%
	2	775‒796 mm	30.6%	34.5%
	3	796‒827 mm	21%	19.7%
	4	>827 mm	9.2%	12.8%
高程	1	<1448 m	23.2%	40%
	2	1448‒1817 m	35.7%	25%
	3	1817‒2218 m	27.5%	19.8%
	4	>2218 m	13.6%	15.2%
坡度	平地	<3°	1.71%	1.7%
	缓坡	3°‒25°	70.6%	78.5%
	中坡	25°‒45°	27.1%	19.4%
	陡坡	>45°	0.59%	0.4%
坡向	阳坡	东南、南、西南、西	47.6%	60.6%
	平面	平面	0.1%	0.1%
	阴坡	西北、北、东北、东	52.3%	39.3%
距河流距离	1	<1000 m	4.9%	9.2%
	2	1000‒3000 m	10.1%	17.9%
	3	3000‒9000 m	35%	38.5%
	4	>9000 m	50%	34.4%

金沙江观音岩库区植被覆盖度时空差异影响机制分析

Analysis of the Influence Mechanism of Spatial and Temporal Differences in Fraction Vegetation Coverage in the Guanyinyan Reservoir Area of the Jinsha River

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时期	影响因素	系数	t统计量	VIF	AICc	校正r²	Koenker (BP)
建站前	地表温度	−1.28	−35.5	1.88	−4818	0.59	338
	降水量	−0.50	−28.3	2.88
	高程	0.19	10.3	3.52
	坡度	0.40	14.2	1.11
	坡向	−0.22	−11	1.11
	距河流距离	0.14	19.3	1.73
建站中	地表温度	−0.51	−16	1.56	−4049	0.62	150
	降水量	−0.06	−2.9	2.83
	高程	0.41	19.6	3.19
	坡度	0.60	18.5	1.14
	坡向	−0.06	−3.73	1.08
	距河流距离	0.15	18.3	1.72
建站后	地表温度	0.11	3.16	3.18	−6638	0.39	485
	降水量	−0.12	−11.2	2.03
	高程	0.22	16.1	4.09
	坡度	0.32	17.3	1.17
	坡向	−0.01	−0.03	1.10
	距河流距离	0.12	14.3	1.77

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时期	影响因素	最大值	最小值	AICc	r²	校正r²
建站前	地表温度	−0.03	−2.57	−6988	0.85	0.83
	降水量	1.64	−1.99
	高程	1.25	−2.00
	坡度	1.18	−0.49
	坡向	0.20	−0.74
	距河流距离	0.97	−0.36
建站中	地表温度	0.28	−4.22	−6556	0.88	0.87
	降水量	1.48	−2.31
	高程	1.95	−1.22
	坡度	1.16	−0.58
	坡向	0.26	−0.44
	距河流距离	0.55	−0.39
建站后	地表温度	1.73	−2.11	−9552	0.84	0.81
	降水量	0.51	−1.60
	高程	1.53	−0.84
	坡度	0.89	−0.19
	坡向	0.29	−0.21
	距河流距离	0.34	−0.23

时期	影响因素	最大值	最小值	AICc	r²	校正r²
建站前	地表温度	−0.03	−2.57	−6988	0.85	0.83
	降水量	1.64	−1.99
	高程	1.25	−2.00
	坡度	1.18	−0.49
	坡向	0.20	−0.74
	距河流距离	0.97	−0.36
建站中	地表温度	0.28	−4.22	−6556	0.88	0.87
	降水量	1.48	−2.31
	高程	1.95	−1.22
	坡度	1.16	−0.58
	坡向	0.26	−0.44
	距河流距离	0.55	−0.39
建站后	地表温度	1.73	−2.11	−9552	0.84	0.81
	降水量	0.51	−1.60
	高程	1.53	−0.84
	坡度	0.89	−0.19
	坡向	0.29	−0.21
	距河流距离	0.34	−0.23