2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季植被覆盖度时空非平稳性特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.06.003

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 853-868.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.06.003

2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季植被覆盖度时空非平稳性特征

宋小龙¹(), 马明德²^,^*(), 王鹏³, 李陇堂³, 米文宝³, 宋永永⁴

1.宁夏财经职业技术学院，宁夏银川 750021
2.北方民族大学管理学院，宁夏银川 750021
3.宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院，宁夏银川 750021
4.陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院，陕西西安 710061

收稿日期:2024-02-27 出版日期:2024-06-18 发布日期:2024-07-30
通讯作者: * 马明德。E-mail: mmd311@163.com
作者简介:宋小龙（1991年生），男，副教授，博士，主要研究方向为干旱半干旱地区生态环境可持续发展研究。E-mail: sxlnxyc@163.com
基金资助:
宁夏自然科学基金项目(2021AAC03191)

The Spatiotemporal Non-stationary Characteristics of Fractional Vegetation Coverage During the Growing Season of Different Geographical Regions in Ningxia

SONG Xiaolong¹(), MA Mingde²^,^*(), WANG Peng³, LI Longtang³, MI Wenbao³, SONG Yongyong⁴

1. Ningxia Vocational and Technical College of Finance and Economics, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
2. School of Management, Northern University for Nationalities, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
3. School of Geography and Planning, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, 750021, P. R. China
4. School of Geography and Tourism, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an, 710062, P. R. China

Received:2024-02-27 Online:2024-06-18 Published:2024-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

地表植被是土壤、水体与大气之间重要的连接物质。研究不同地理分区植被覆盖度（Fractional Vegetation Cover，FVC）时空非平稳性对区域生态环境保护与规划建设具有重要意义。基于MODIS13Q1 NDVI数据及其同期气象、地形、土壤、人类活动影响因子，明确不同地理分区FVC时空变化特征及其原因。结果表明：宁夏不同地理分区下的FVC差异显著，南部山区拥有较好的FVC水平。2000—2022年宁夏FVC呈现波动式增长趋势，南部山区FVC变化最为明显，平均增长速率为0.011/a。生长季多年平均空间格局分析说明宁夏高FVC主要集中在六盘山高山区、沿黄流域和清水河流域。23年间宁夏FVC低波动区域重点位于六盘山、沙坡头自然保护区、南华山以及吴忠市和银川市城建区域，中部干旱带高波动明显，Theil-Sen Median趋势分析显示南部山区增长趋势明显，引黄灌溉区有递减趋势，Mann-Kendall显著性检验说明宁夏越往南部FVC改善越显著，Hurst趋势进一步表明了南部山区和引黄灌溉区具有高持续特点，南部山区高山区、沙坡头自然保护区、甘城子以西、贺兰山石炭井、中宁县、贺兰县月牙湖乡等区域未来将维持稳定不变，沙坡头区香山一带反持续性显著，FVC有将会得到改善，贺兰山部分地区FVC较低且持续性较强有维持现状风险。宁夏不同地理分区FVC与影响因素时空非平稳特征明显，空间序列回归系数说明人类活动对FVC产生重要影响，时间序列回归系数说明了历史时期气候因素对FVC影响波动性大。该项研究可为宁夏不同地域生态保护、建设与可持续发展提供差异化对策提供参考。

关键词: 植被覆盖度, 时空非平稳性, 生长季, 地理分区, 趋势分析, 宁夏

Abstract:

Surface vegetation is an important connecting material between soil, water bodies, and the atmosphere. Studying the spatiotemporal nonstationarity of Fractional Vegetation Cover (FVC) in different geographical regions is of great significance for regional ecological environment protection, planning, and construction. Based on MODIS13Q1 NDVI data and the corresponding meteorological, topographical, soil, and human activity-influencing factors, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and reasons for FVC in different geographical regions were clarified. The results showed that there were significant differences in FVC among different geographical regions in Ningxia, and that the southern mountainous areas had a good FVC. From 2000 to 2022, Ningxia's FVC showed a fluctuating growth trend, with the southern mountainous areas showing the most significant changes, with an average growth rate of 0.011/a. Analysis of the annual average spatial pattern during the growing season indicates that the high FVC in Ningxia is mainly concentrated in the mountainous areas of Liupan Mountain, the Yellow River Basin, and the Qingshui River Basin. Over the past 23 years, the key areas of low volatility in Ningxia’s FVC have been located in Liupanshan, the Shapotou Nature Reserve, Nanhua Mountain, and the urban construction areas in Wuzhong and Yinchuan. The central arid zone showed significantly high volatility, with Theil-Sen Median trend analysis showing a clear growth trend in the southern mountainous areas and a decreasing trend in the Yellow River irrigation areas. The Mann-Kendall significance test showed that the improvement in FVC was more significant as Ningxia moved further south. The Hurst trend further indicates that the southern mountainous areas and Yellow River irrigation areas have highly sustainable characteristics. The high mountain areas in the southern mountainous areas, the Shapotou Nature Reserve west of Ganchengzi, Shitanjing in Helan Mountain, Zhongning County, and Yueyahu Township in Helan County will remain stable in the future. In the Shapotou district, anti-sustainability in the Xiangshan area is significant, and FVC is expected to improve. In some areas of Helan Mountain, the FVC is relatively low and has strong sustainability, which poses the risk of maintaining the current situation. The spatiotemporal nonstationary characteristics of FVC and the influencing factors in different geographical regions of Ningxia were clear. The spatial series regression coefficient indicates that human activities have an important impact on FVC, whereas the time-series regression coefficient indicates that the impact of climatic factors on FVC fluctuates significantly during historical periods. This study provides differentiated strategies for ecological protection, construction, and sustainable development in the different regions of Ningxia.

Key words: fractional vegetation coverage, Non stationarity in time and space, Growth season, Geographical zoning, Trend analysis, Ningxia

中图分类号:

Q948
X173

宋小龙, 马明德, 王鹏, 李陇堂, 米文宝, 宋永永. 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季植被覆盖度时空非平稳性特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(6): 853-868.

SONG Xiaolong, MA Mingde, WANG Peng, LI Longtang, MI Wenbao, SONG Yongyong. The Spatiotemporal Non-stationary Characteristics of Fractional Vegetation Coverage During the Growing Season of Different Geographical Regions in Ningxia[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(6): 853-868.

图/表 13

图1 宁夏回族自治区的地形特征

Figure 1 The topographic characteristics of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

表1 影响因素数据源及预处理

Table 1 Source and preprocessing of influencing factor data

因素类型	因素	标记	单位	预处理
被解释变量	植被覆盖度	FVC	%	美国航空航天局 (http://ladsweb.modaps.eosdis. nasa.gov/search)
解释变量	平均温度	θ	℃	国家青藏高原科学数据中心 (https://www.tpdc.ac.cn)
	降水量	PRE	mm
	潜在蒸发量	PE	mm
	海拔	DEM	m	中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心 (http://www.resdc.cn)
	坡度	Slope	(°)	中国科学院资源环境科学与数据中心 (http://www.resdc.cn)
	沙土比例	Sand	%	联合国粮农组织 (FAO) 和维也纳国际应用系统研究所 (ⅡASA) 构建的世界和谐土壤数据库 (HWSD)
	有机碳含量	OC	%
	壤土比例	Slit	%
	碎石含量	Gravel	%
	夜间灯光指数	Night	%	国家地球系统科学数据中心 (https://www.geodata.cn)

图2 研究路线

Figure 2 Research route

表2 植被覆盖度等级分类

Table 2 Classification of vegetation coverage levels

等级	低植被覆盖度	中低植被覆盖度	中植被覆盖度	中高植被覆盖度	高植被覆盖度
植被覆盖度	≤0.20	0.20‒0.40	0.40‒0.60	0.20‒0.40	≥0.80

表3 OLS、GWR、TWR和GTWR模型赤池信息量准则、拟合优度以及调节拟合优度

Table 3 OLS, GWR, TWR, and GTWR models AICc, r2, and Adjusted r2

模型	普通最小二乘模型	地理加权回归模型	时间加权回归模型	时空地理加权回归模型
拟合优度r²	0.832	0.950	0.885	0.973
调节拟合优度r²	0.829	0.949	0.883	0.972
赤池信息量准则	−1040	−1560	−1150	−1710

图3 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季FVC年际变化

Figure 3 Interannual variation of FVC during the growth season in different geographical regions of Ningxia from 2000 to 2022

图4 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季FVC面积年际变化统计

Figure 4 Inter annual variation statistics of FVC area during the growth season in different geographical regions of Ningxia from 2000 to 2022

图5 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季FVC空间分布

Figure 5 Spatial distribution of FVC during the growth season in different geographical regions of Ningxia from 2000 to 2022

图6 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季FVC变化稳定性、可持续性和变化趋势

Figure 6 Stability, sustainability, and trends of FVC changes during the growth season in different geographical regions of Ningxia from 2000 to 2022

表4 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季FVC波动性统计

Table 4 Statistics on FVC Volatility during Growth Season in Different Geographical Regions of Ningxia from 2000 to 2022

FVC变异范围	变异程度	占像元面积的比例/%
FVC变异范围	变异程度	引黄灌溉区	中部干旱带	南部山区
c<0.05	低波动	8.9	4.5	0.3
0.05≤c≤0.10	相对低波动	4.6	7.6	0.9
0.10≤c≤0.15	中等波动	9.7	7.2	1.8
0.15≤c≤0.20	相对高波动	19.1	4.8	2.4
c>0.20	高波动	57.7	75.9	94.6

图7 2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季FVC变化趋势统计

Figure 7 The proportion of FVC linear trend pixels in different geographical regions of Ningxia during the growth season from 2000 to 2022

图8 宁夏生长季FVC影响因素GTWR回归系数时间异质性

Figure 8 Time heterogeneity of GTWR regression coefficients for FVC influencing factors during the growing season in Ningxia

图9 宁夏生长季FVC影响因素GTWR回归系数空间异质性

Figure 9 Spatial heterogeneity of GTWR regression coefficients for FVC influencing factors during the growing season in Ningxia

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2000—2022年宁夏不同地理分区生长季植被覆盖度时空非平稳性特征

The Spatiotemporal Non-stationary Characteristics of Fractional Vegetation Coverage During the Growing Season of Different Geographical Regions in Ningxia

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