滇东南典型喀斯特山区石漠化时空演变及生态敏感性评价

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (11): 1792-1802.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.11.013

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

滇东南典型喀斯特山区石漠化时空演变及生态敏感性评价

李子康¹(), 殷晓洁¹^,^*(), 刘一飞¹, 唐继敏¹, 王妍²

1.西南林业大学林学院，云南昆明 650224
2.西南林业大学水土保持学院，云南昆明 650224

收稿日期:2024-06-14 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2024-12-06
通讯作者: *殷晓洁。E-mail: xjyinanne@163.com
作者简介:李子康（2000年生），男，硕士研究生，主要从事石漠化地区生态环境治理研究。E-mail: 2430577330@qq.com
基金资助:
云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”青年人才项目(XDYC-QNRC-2022-0251);云南省农业基础研究联合专项(2018FG001-065)

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation of Rocky Desertification in Typical Karst Mountainous Areas of Southeast Yunnan Province

LI Zikang¹(), YIN Xiaojie¹^,^*(), LIU Yifei¹, TANG Jimin¹, WANG Yan²

1. College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China
2. College of Soil and Water Conservation, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, P. R. China

Received:2024-06-14 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2024-12-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

石漠化作为滇东南地区最为严重的生态环境问题，制约当地可持续发展。生态敏感性评价是分析区域生态环境稳定性的主要方法之一，可为典型石漠化地区生态环境修复和治理提供依据。为探究石漠化地区生态敏感性变化情况，获取预防和治理岩溶区生态环境问题的有益信息，以西畴县为例，基于Google Earth Engine平台分析2000－2020年西畴县石漠化时空演变过程，结合石漠化、水土流失及生境质量因子，通过层次分析法和熵权法的组合赋权法评估研究区生态敏感性。结果表明，1）2000－2020年，西畴县石漠化状况整体呈稳中向好的恢复趋势，无石漠化面积增加275 km²，占比增加18.3％，各等级石漠化面积下降0.281%－7.49%。2）空间上，西畴县各等级石漠化均向无石漠化转变，其中磨合、三光、长箐等小流域最为明显，反映出部分地区石漠化治理取得显著成效。3）结合石漠化变化对岩溶区生态敏感性评价模型的构建具有重要作用。西畴县生态敏感性较高，原因有：①石漠化严重地区，植被覆盖度低，坡度大；②土地利用类型约1/4为耕地，生态敏感性较高。③降雨侵蚀力和土壤可蚀性因子较高，土壤质地易被侵蚀，造成水土流失；④越靠近道路，缓冲区等级越高，生态敏感性越高。4）西畴县2000－2020年综合生态敏感性下降，平均综合敏感性指数由4.67（中度敏感）下降至3.26（轻度敏感），尤其以莲花塘乡、柏林乡及兴街镇南部生态敏感性下降明显。

关键词: 石漠化, 喀斯特, GEE, 生态敏感性, 组合赋权法, 综合敏感性指数

Abstract:

As southeast Yunnan has the most severe ecological and environmental problems, rocky desertification restricts local sustainable development. Ecological sensitivity assessment is crucial for analyzing the stability of the regional ecological environment and establishing a foundation for the restoration and management of the ecological environment in typical rocky desertification areas. To explore the variation in ecological sensitivity in rocky desertification areas and obtain helpful information for preventing and controlling ecological environmental issues in karst areas, taking Xichou County as an example, the spatiotemporal evolution process of rocky desertification was analyzed between 2000 and 2020 based on the Google Earth Engine, integrating rocky desertification factors of water and soil erosion, and habitat quality. Subsequently, ecological sensitivity was evaluated by combining the analytic hierarchy process and entropy weight methods. The results showed that 1) from 2000 to 2020, the stony desertification situation in Xichou County exhibited a stable and good recovery trend. The area without stony desertification increased by 275 km², accounting for 18.3%, and the rocky desertification area decreased by 0.281%-7.49%. 2) In terms of spatial patterns, all levels of rocky desertification in Xichou County changed to no rocky desertification, especially in Runhe, Sanguang, Changqing, and other small basins, reflecting remarkable effects in rocky desertification control. 3) Combining the variations in rocky desertification is essential for modeling the ecological sensitivity assessment of karst areas. The ecological sensitivity of Xichou County is higher for the following reasons: (a) the vegetation cover is low with steep slopes in the rocky desertification area. (b) Approximately 1/4 of the land use is farmland, and ecological sensitivity is high. (c) Rainfall erosion and soil erodibility factors were relatively high, and the soil texture was easily eroded, resulting in soil erosion. (d) The closer to the road, the higher the buffer zone level and ecological sensitivity. 4) The average comprehensive sensitivity index decreased from 4.67 (moderate sensitivity) to 3.26 (mild sensitivity) in Xichou County from 2000 to 2020, especially in Lianhuatang Township, Berin Township, and the southern part of Xingjie Township. This study proposes a novel evaluation of ecological sensitivity in karst areas considering the actual ecological environment and the variation in rocky desertification, which can provide a theoretical basis for further restoration and ecological environment protection in Xichou County and southeast Yunnan and is also highly applicable to other karst development areas.

Key words: rocky desertification, karst, GEE, ecological sensitivity, combination weighting method, comprehensive sensitivity index

中图分类号:

李子康, 殷晓洁, 刘一飞, 唐继敏, 王妍. 滇东南典型喀斯特山区石漠化时空演变及生态敏感性评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(11): 1792-1802.

LI Zikang, YIN Xiaojie, LIU Yifei, TANG Jimin, WANG Yan. Spatio-temporal Evolution and Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation of Rocky Desertification in Typical Karst Mountainous Areas of Southeast Yunnan Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(11): 1792-1802.

图/表 13

表1 石漠化等级划分标准

Table 1 Classification criteria of rocky desertification

石漠化等级	植被覆盖度/%	基岩裸露率/%	坡度/(°)
无石漠化	>80	<10	<5
潜在石漠化	60-80	10-30	5-8
轻度石漠化	40-60	30-50	8-10
中度石漠化	20-40	50-70	10-20
重度石漠化	10-20	70-90	20-30
极重度石漠化	<10	>90	>30

表2 生态敏感性评价指标体系

Table 2 Ecological sensitivity evaluation index system

敏感性等级	石漠化	水土流失					生境质量
敏感性等级	石漠化等级	高程/ m	坡度/ (°)	植被覆盖度	降雨侵蚀力/ (MJ·mm·hm^-2·h^-1·a^-1)	土壤可蚀性/ (t·h·MJ^-1·mm^-1)	土地利用 (董晓媛等, 2024)	距道路距离/ m
非敏感	无、潜在石漠化	674-1080	0-13	>0.8	<473	<0.026	水域	>2000
轻度敏感	轻度石漠化	1080-1248	13-22	0.7-0.8	473-503	0.026-0.030	林地	1000-2000
中度敏感	中度石漠化	1248-1389	22-31	0.6-0.7	503-533	0.030-0.033	草地	500-1000
重度敏感	重度石漠化	1389-1521	31-41	0.4-0.6	533-573	0.033-0.034	耕地	200-500
极重度敏感	极重度石漠化	1521-1931	41-76	<0.4	>573	>0.034	建设用地、未利用地	<200

表3 评价指标权重

Table 3 Weights of evaluation indicators

权重类别	石漠化等级	高程	坡度	植被覆盖度	降雨侵蚀力	土壤可蚀性	土地利用	据道路距离
w_aj	0.207	0.081	0.064	0.220	0.098	0.111	0.166	0.053
w_bj	0.264	0.030	0.060	0.318	0.044	0.081	0.106	0.097
$W i$	0.231	0.060	0.062	0.261	0.076	0.098	0.141	0.071

表3 评价指标权重

Table 3 Weights of evaluation indicators

权重类别	石漠化等级	高程	坡度	植被覆盖度	降雨侵蚀力	土壤可蚀性	土地利用	据道路距离
w_aj	0.207	0.081	0.064	0.220	0.098	0.111	0.166	0.053
w_bj	0.264	0.030	0.060	0.318	0.044	0.081	0.106	0.097
$W i$	0.231	0.060	0.062	0.261	0.076	0.098	0.141	0.071

图1 2000－2020年西畴县石漠化等级面积占比

Figure 1 Area proportion of graded rocky desertification in Xichou County from 2000 to 2020

表4 2000－2020年西畴县石漠化面积转移矩阵

Table 4 Area transfer matrix of rocky desertification in Xichou County from 2000 to 2020 km2

2000年	2020年						总计
2000年	无石漠化	潜在石漠化	轻度石漠化	中度石漠化	重度石漠化	极重度石漠化	总计
无石漠化	415.890	62.084	23.239	14.398	2.230	0.384	518.225
潜在石漠化	244.415	142.969	39.791	24.608	4.020	0.410	456.215
轻度石漠化	94.968	103.571	55.251	29.544	4.993	0.435	288.762
中度石漠化	31.868	62.640	42.597	43.662	4.827	0.400	185.993
重度石漠化	5.847	13.626	13.064	7.142	5.309	0.260	45.248
极重度石漠化	0.510	1.481	2.263	1.430	0.454	0.344	6.482
总计	793.499	386.371	176.205	120.784	21.833	2.233	1500.925

图2 2000－2020年西畴县石漠化等级分布

Figure 2 Distribution of rocky desertification levels in Xichou County from 2000 to 2020

图3 西畴县石漠化敏感性等级分布

Figure 3 Distribution of sensitivity level of rocky desertification in Xichou County

图4 西畴县植被覆盖度敏感性等级分布

Figure 4 Distribution of sensitivity level of vegetation coverage in Xichou County

图5 西畴县海拔和坡度敏感性等级分布

Figure 5 Distribution of elevation and slope sensitivity in Xichou County

图6 西畴县降雨侵蚀力敏感性等级分布

Figure 6 Distribution of rainfall erosivity sensitivity in Xichou County

图7 西畴县土壤可蚀性和道路缓冲区敏感性等级分布

Figure 7 Distribution of soil erodibility and sensitivity level of road buffer zone in Xichou County

图8 西畴县土地利用敏感性等级分布

Figure 8 Distribution of land use sensitivity in Xichou County

图9 西畴县综合生态敏感性等级分布

Figure 9 Distribution of comprehensive ecological sensitivity in Xichou County

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滇东南典型喀斯特山区石漠化时空演变及生态敏感性评价

Spatio-temporal Evolution and Ecological Sensitivity Evaluation of Rocky Desertification in Typical Karst Mountainous Areas of Southeast Yunnan Province

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