丛枝菌根真菌对人工湿地植物生长及水质净化的影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (7): 1434-1441.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.07.016

丛枝菌根真菌对人工湿地植物生长及水质净化的影响研究

刘宁¹(), 刘洋⁴, 续京平⁵, 宋慧平¹, 冯政君²^,³^,^*(), 程芳琴¹

1.山西大学资源与环境工程研究所,山西太原 030006
2.山西省黄河实验室,山西太原 030006
3.山西大学黄土高原研究所,山西太原 030006
4.北京北华中清环境工程技术有限公司,北京 100176
5.北京诺曼斯佰环保科技有限公司,北京 102200

收稿日期:2022-03-04 出版日期:2022-07-18 发布日期:2022-08-31
通讯作者: ^*冯政君（1989年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要从事土壤修复研究。E-mail: fzj@sxu.edu.cn
作者简介:刘宁（1995年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要从事生态修复研究。E-mail: 201924001015@email.sxu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(21806092);山西省重点研发计划国际科技合作项目(201903D421002);山西省揭榜招标项目(20191101007)

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Water Purification in Constructed Wetlands

LIU Ning¹(), LIU Yang⁴, XU Jingping⁵, SONG Huiping¹, FENG Zhengjun²^,³^,^*(), CHENG Fangqin¹

1. Institute of Resources and Environment Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
2. Shanxi Yellow River Laboratory, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
3. Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
4. Beijing BHZQ Environmental Engineering Technology Co., LTD, Beijing 100176, P. R. China
5. Beijing Normans Environmental Protection Technology Co., LTD, Beijing 102200, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-04 Online:2022-07-18 Published:2022-08-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

丛枝菌根真菌（AM真菌）是湿地植物的主要共生菌,可以强化植物对养分的吸收、促进植物的生长,是一种潜在的提高人工湿地污染物去除效率的微生物,然而目前关于AM真菌在实际人工湿地中应用及其效果评价的研究较少。鉴于此,在北京某人工湿地进行了现场实验,以水葱、黄菖蒲两种湿地植物为对象并分别施加AM真菌菌剂,考察了植物菌根侵染状况,植物株高、根长、鲜物质量等植物生长指标以及COD、氨氮、TP浓度等水质指标;基于AM真菌接种与未接种区域的各指标差异,探讨了接种AM真菌对人工湿地植物生长和水质净化的影响。结果表明：2种湿地植物（水葱、黄菖蒲）均能与AM真菌建立良好的共生关系,接种AM真菌后,植物根系中的菌根侵染率和菌根侵染强度均得到了显著提高（P>0.05）,水葱和黄菖蒲的菌根侵染率分别达到了37.67%和23.91%;接种AM真菌显著提高了植物的株高、根长、鲜物质量（P>0.05）,分别提高了17.79%—31.35%、18.79%—29.14%、54.56%—116.43%;与未接种组相比,接种AM真菌提高了人工湿地对COD、氨氮、TP的去除,污染物去除分别提高了12.32%—24.19%、5.45%—45.31%、5.30%—57.06%;污水原水质状况属于劣V类,经人工湿地处理6个月后,实验区域水体的COD浓度、氨氮浓度以及TP浓度均达到了地表水Ⅲ类水质标准。研究表明：接种AM真菌促进了人工湿地植物的生长,且对水质净化起到了积极作用。该研究结果揭示了在实际运行人工湿地中丛枝菌根真菌对湿地植物生长和水质净化的影响,可为中国人工湿地的高效运行提供理论依据和技术支持。

关键词: 丛枝菌根真菌, 人工湿地, 植物生长, 水质净化, COD, 氨氮, TP

Abstract:

Constructed wetland is a kind of water treatment system which is widely used. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM fungi) is the main symbiotic fungi of wetland plants, which can increase the uptake of nutrients by plants and thus promote their growth. Therefore, AM fungi is a promising microorganism to improve the removal efficiency of pollutants in constructed wetlands. However, few studies focused on the application of AM fungi in actual constructed wetlands. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in a constructed wetland of Beijing. Two wetland plants, Scirpus tabernaemontani and Iris pseudacorus, were treated with an AM fungal inoculum, respectively. The plant mycorrhizal infection rate, plant height, root length, fresh weight, COD concentration, ammonia nitrogen concentration and total phosphorus concentration (TP) were investigated. Based on the differences of these indicators between the inoculated and non-inoculated areas, the effects of AM fungi inoculation on plant growth and water purification in constructed wetland were discussed. The results showed that the two wetland plants (Scirpus tabernaemontani and Iris pseudacorus) could establish a good symbiotic relationship with AM fungi. The mycorrhizal infection rate and mycorrhizal infection intensity in plant roots were significantly increased (P>0.05) with the inoculation of the AM fungi, and the mycorrhizal infection rates of Scirpus tabernaemontani and Iris pseudacorus were 37.67% and 23.91%, respectively. Inoculation of AM fungi significantly increased the plant height, root length, and fresh weight (P>0.05) by 17.79%-31.35%, 18.79%-29.14%, 54.56%-116.43%, respectively. Compared with the non-inoculated group, the inoculation of AM fungi improved the removal of COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP, and the pollutant removal efficiencies were relatively increased by 12.32%-24.19%, 5.45%-45.31% and 5.30%-57.06%, respectively. The original water quality of the wastewater was classified as the inferior V. After six months of treatment with constructed wetland, the water concentration of COD, ammonia nitrogen and TP in the experimental reached water quality standard of Class III for surface water. The results showed that inoculation of AM fungi was able to promote the growth of plants and water purification efficiency in constructed wetland. The results of this study revealed the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on plant growth and water purification efficiency in the constructed wetlands. The findings could support the efficient operation of constructed wetlands in China.

Key words: arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi, constructed wetland, plant growth, water purification, COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus

中图分类号:

X171
X172

刘宁, 刘洋, 续京平, 宋慧平, 冯政君, 程芳琴. 丛枝菌根真菌对人工湿地植物生长及水质净化的影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1434-1441.

LIU Ning, LIU Yang, XU Jingping, SONG Huiping, FENG Zhengjun, CHENG Fangqin. Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Water Purification in Constructed Wetlands[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(7): 1434-1441.

图/表 11

表1 试验区域植物种植面积及密度

Table 1 Plant planting area and density in the test area

植物种类 Plant species	种植面积 Planting area/m²	种植密度 Planting density/ (pcs∙m^-2)	总株数 Total number of plants/pcs
水葱 Scirpus tabernaemontani	400	10	4000
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	400	25	10000

图1 试验区域结构示意图

Figure 1 Schematic diagram of test area structure

表2 水样监测指标与分析方法

Table 2 Water sample monitoring index and analysis method

监测指标 Monitoring index	分析方法 Analysis method	方法来源 Methods the source
COD	重铬酸盐滴定法	HJ 828—2017 (环境保护部, 2017)
氨氮NH₃-N ammonia nitrogen	纳氏试剂光度法	HJ 535—2009 (环境保护部,2009)
TP	钼酸铵分光光度法	GB 11893-89 (国家环境保护局, 1989)

图2 AM真菌对不同植物菌根侵染率的影响图中数据为3次重复的平均值（n=3）,不同字母表示组间差异显著（P<0.05）

Figure 2 Effects of AM fungi on mycorrhizal infection rate of different plants Data in the figure are the mean values of three repetitives (n=3), different letters indicated significant difference between groups (P<0.05)

图3 NM组（A）和AM组（B）的植物根系菌根侵染状况

Figure 3 Mycorrhizal infection of plant roots in NM group (A) and AM group (B)

表3 AM真菌对不同植物生长的影响

Table 3 Effects of AM fungi on the growth of different plants

植物种类 Plant species	处理 Treament	株高 Plant height/cm	根长 Root length/cm	鲜重 Fresh weight/g
水葱 Scirpus tabernaemontani	NM	156.49±9.49b	16.30±0.92b	179.77±11.61b
水葱 Scirpus tabernaemontani	AM	205.55±9.08a	19.60±1.52a	389.07±25.30a
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	NM	81.58±6.00b	28.59±3.84b	100.02±9.70b
黄菖蒲 Iris pseudacorus	AM	96.09±3.83a	36.92±2.11a	154.59±8.19a

图4 NM组（A）和AM组（B）的黄菖蒲根系生长状况

Figure 4 Root growth of Iris pseudacorus in NM group (A) and AM group (B)

表4 人工湿地进出水质量浓度及其所属水质标准

Table 4 The concentration of inlet and outlet water and its quality standard of constructed wetland

监测指标 Monitoring index	初始进水质量浓度 Initial inlet concentration/ (mg∙L^-1)	水质标准 Water standard	NM区最终出水质量浓度 Final outlet concentration in NM area/(mg∙L^-1)	水质标准 Water standard	AM区最终出水质量浓度 Final outlet concentration in AM area/(mg∙L^-1)	水质标准 Water standard
COD	36.32±1.21	V类	15.07±0.20	III类	13.97±0.38	II类
氨氮NH₃-N Ammonia nitrogen	4.12±0.33	劣V类	0.17±0.01	II类	0.14±0.02	I类
TP	0.49±0.04	劣V类	0.14±0.01	III类	0.11±0.01	III类

图5 人工湿地进出水COD质量浓度变化及去除率提高比例图中数据为3次重复的平均值（n=3）。柱状图表示污染物浓度变化,不同字母表示组间差异性显著（P<0.05）,相同字母表示差异不显著（P>0.05）;点线图表示污染物去除率的提高比例,下同

Figure 5 Change and removal improvement ratio of COD mass concentration in inlet and outlet water of constructed wetland Data in the figure are the mean values of three repetitives (n=3). The bar chart shows the change in pollutant concentration, different letters indicate significant difference between groups (P<0.05), and the same letter indicates no significant difference (P>0.05). The point plot represents the improvement ratio of pollutants removal rate, the same below

图6 人工湿地进出水氨氮质量浓度变化及去除率提高比例

Figure 6 Change and removal improvement ratio of NH3-N mass concentration in inlet and outlet water of constructed wetland

图7 人工湿地进出水TP质量浓度及去除率提高比例

Figure 7 Change and removal improvement ratio of TP mass concentration in inlet and outlet water of constructed wetland

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丛枝菌根真菌对人工湿地植物生长及水质净化的影响研究

Effects of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Plant Growth and Water Purification in Constructed Wetlands

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