淡水环境中微塑料与生物膜的相互作用及其生态效应研究进展

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.11.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (11): 2041-2049.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.11.014

淡水环境中微塑料与生物膜的相互作用及其生态效应研究进展

李双双¹^,³(), 蔡铭灿¹, 汪庆¹, 齐丽英¹, 魏贺红¹, 王纯²^,³^,^*()

1.河北工程大学能源与环境工程学院，河北邯郸 056038
2.北京工商大学/国家环境保护食品链污染防治重点实验室，北京 100048
3.大连海洋大学/设施渔业教育部重点实验室，辽宁大连 116023

收稿日期:2022-12-09 出版日期:2023-11-18 发布日期:2024-01-17
通讯作者: * 王纯。E-mail: chun_wang@btbu.edu.cn
作者简介:李双双（1987年生），女，副教授，博士，研究方向为生物膜介导的水生态物质循环及其水污染防治理论与技术研究。E-mail: lishuangshuang@hebeu.edu.cn
基金资助:
河北省自然科学基金青年基金项目(D2021402035);设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学)开放课题(202207);设施渔业教育部重点实验室(大连海洋大学)开放课题(202218);公路交通环境保护技术交通运输行业重点实验室开放课题;国家自然科学基金项目(42077393);邯郸市科技计划项目(21422123280)

Research Progress on the Interaction Between Microplastics and Biofilms and Their Ecological Effects on Freshwater Environment

LI Shuangshuang¹^,³(), CAI Mingcan¹, WANG Qing¹, QI Liying¹, WEI Hehong¹, WANG Chun²^,³^,^*()

1. College of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, P. R. China
2. State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control,/Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, P. R. China
3. Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education/Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, P. R. China

Received:2022-12-09 Online:2023-11-18 Published:2024-01-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环境中微塑料正成为威胁全球水生态系统安全的重要新兴污染物之一，受到世界各国的高度重视。微塑料进入淡水环境中，不但表面容易形成生物膜，而且容易与水体中已存在生物膜发生接触。但目前针对淡水中微塑料与生物膜的相互作用及影响研究尚缺乏坚实基础。文章系统综述了淡水中微塑料分布状况、生物膜对微塑料迁移转化的影响、微塑料对生物膜微生物群落结构的影响，揭示了微塑料对生物膜碳氮循环等生态功能的影响与潜在作用机理。微塑料广泛分布在淡水河流湖泊中，生物膜和微塑料之间的相互作用可以显著改变微塑料的性质，进而影响微塑料在水生态系统中的环境行为和归趋。生物膜可以富集微塑料颗粒，增加微塑料沉降的速度和深度，加快微塑料的降解。环境中的微塑料，不但对生物膜起到毒害作用，导致生物膜出现生长减缓等负面影响，还会改变生物膜微生物群落结构，影响微生物酶活性和功能基因丰度等。微塑料可以通过作为生物膜的载体和碳源等途径增强生物膜碳循环功能，但也会导致生物膜因受损而减弱其介导的碳循环功能。微塑料还可以改变生物膜的生存环境、生物膜总量以及氮代谢相关的酶活性和基因丰度，进而影响生物膜氮循环功能。该文提出需在真实水生态条件下，开展生物膜对微塑料吸附、降解的动力学过程及其影响微塑料的“水-沉积物-生物体”迁移转化的内在机理、微塑料对生物膜碳氮循环功能微生物群落结构与功能的深入研究，以深入评估微塑料污染对淡水生态系统的潜在影响及风险。

关键词: 微塑料, 生物膜, 污染现状, 迁移转化, 微生物群落, 生态效应

Abstract:

Microplastics are becoming one of the important emerging pollutants that threatens the safety of the global water ecosystem. Microplastics have attracted great attention from countries all over the world. When microplastics enter the freshwater environment, they are not only easy to form biofilms on the surface, but also easy to contact with the existing biofilms in the water. However, there is still a lack of research foundation for the study of the interaction between microplastics and biofilms in freshwater. In this paper, the distribution of microplastics in freshwater, the effects of biofilm on the migration and transformation of microplastics, and the effects of microplastics on the microbial community structure of biofilms were systematically reviewed. The effects and potential mechanisms of microplastics on ecological functions such as carbon and nitrogen cycling of biofilms were revealed. Microplastics are widely distributed in freshwater rivers and lakes. The interaction between biofilms and microplastics could significantly alter the properties of microplastics, thereby affecting their environmental behavior and fate in aquatic ecosystems. Biofilms could enrich microplastic particles, increase the speed and depth of microplastic sedimentation, and accelerate the degradation of microplastics. Microplastics in the environment not only have toxic effects on biofilms, leading to negative effects such as slow growth, but also alter the microbial community, enzyme activity and functional gene abundance of biofilms. Microplastics could enhance the carbon cycling function of biofilms by acting as the carrier and carbon source of biofilms, but they also cause biofilms to be damaged and weaken its carbon cycling function. Microplastics could change the living environment of biofilms, the total amount of biofilms, and the enzyme activity and gene abundance related to nitrogen metabolism, thereby affecting the nitrogen cycling function of biofilms. This study proposes that it is necessary to carry out in-depth research on the kinetic process of biofilm adsorption and degradation of microplastics, the internal mechanism of “water-sediment-organism” migration and transformation of microplastics influenced by biofilms, and microbial community structure and function during carbon and nitrogen cycling of biofilms influenced by microplastics under real aquatic ecological conditions. This paper aims to deeply evaluate the potential impacts and risks of microplastic pollution in freshwater ecosystems.

Key words: microplastics, biofilms, pollution status, migration transformation, microbial community, ecological effects

中图分类号:

X783
X171.5

李双双, 蔡铭灿, 汪庆, 齐丽英, 魏贺红, 王纯. 淡水环境中微塑料与生物膜的相互作用及其生态效应研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(11): 2041-2049.

LI Shuangshuang, CAI Mingcan, WANG Qing, QI Liying, WEI Hehong, WANG Chun. Research Progress on the Interaction Between Microplastics and Biofilms and Their Ecological Effects on Freshwater Environment[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(11): 2041-2049.

图/表 5

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地点	丰度范围/(ind∙m⁻³)	平均丰度/(ind∙m⁻³)	微塑料主要的种类	参考文献
北京市北运河河水	(1941±201)－(8155±1781)	4160	聚氨酯，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物	胡嘉敏等, 2021
春季乌梁素海	(4700±1500)－(16800±4000)	9800±1200	聚乙烯，聚苯乙烯	王志超等, 2021
丹江口水库	无	7248	尼龙，聚乙烯，聚丙烯	潘雄等, 2021
湟水河（湟源县）	665－8780	5414±1213	聚乙烯	范梦苑等, 2022
苏州古城区河道	3500－12000	7150±2520	无	吴香香等, 2022
青藏高原北部祁连山地区	0－1916.66	277.33	聚丙烯	冯三三等, 2021
渭河	(2900±800)-(10300±2800)	5800±1600	聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯	山泽萱等, 2023
海河	0.69－74.95	14.17±14.64	聚乙烯，发泡聚苯乙烯	Liu et al., 2020
鄱阳湖	5000－34000	无	聚丙烯，聚乙烯	Yuan et al., 2019
洞庭湖	900－2800	无	聚乙烯，聚丙烯	Wang et al., 2018
Kodaikanal Lake	无	24420±3220	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	Laju et al., 2022
the Thames River	无	51200	氯丁二烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯	Devereux et al., 2022
the Garonne river catchment	0－3.4	0.15	聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯	de Carvalho et al., 2021
Lake Simcoe	0.4－1.3	无	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	Felismino et al., 2020
the Ob River	无	51.2	无	Frank et al., 2020
The Elbe River	0.88－13.24	5.57±4.33	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	Scherer et al., 2020

地点	丰度范围/(ind∙m⁻³)	平均丰度/(ind∙m⁻³)	微塑料主要的种类	参考文献
北京市北运河河水	(1941±201)－(8155±1781)	4160	聚氨酯，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物	胡嘉敏等, 2021
春季乌梁素海	(4700±1500)－(16800±4000)	9800±1200	聚乙烯，聚苯乙烯	王志超等, 2021
丹江口水库	无	7248	尼龙，聚乙烯，聚丙烯	潘雄等, 2021
湟水河（湟源县）	665－8780	5414±1213	聚乙烯	范梦苑等, 2022
苏州古城区河道	3500－12000	7150±2520	无	吴香香等, 2022
青藏高原北部祁连山地区	0－1916.66	277.33	聚丙烯	冯三三等, 2021
渭河	(2900±800)-(10300±2800)	5800±1600	聚乙烯，聚丙烯，聚苯乙烯	山泽萱等, 2023
海河	0.69－74.95	14.17±14.64	聚乙烯，发泡聚苯乙烯	Liu et al., 2020
鄱阳湖	5000－34000	无	聚丙烯，聚乙烯	Yuan et al., 2019
洞庭湖	900－2800	无	聚乙烯，聚丙烯	Wang et al., 2018
Kodaikanal Lake	无	24420±3220	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	Laju et al., 2022
the Thames River	无	51200	氯丁二烯、聚氯乙烯、聚乙烯	Devereux et al., 2022
the Garonne river catchment	0－3.4	0.15	聚乙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚丙烯	de Carvalho et al., 2021
Lake Simcoe	0.4－1.3	无	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	Felismino et al., 2020
the Ob River	无	51.2	无	Frank et al., 2020
The Elbe River	0.88－13.24	5.57±4.33	聚乙烯、聚丙烯	Scherer et al., 2020

淡水环境中微塑料与生物膜的相互作用及其生态效应研究进展

Research Progress on the Interaction Between Microplastics and Biofilms and Their Ecological Effects on Freshwater Environment

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