紫云英长期还田对稻田土壤DOM和Cd形态影响研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (7): 1096-1106.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.07.011

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

紫云英长期还田对稻田土壤DOM和Cd形态影响研究

谢杰¹^,²(), 陈院华¹, 徐昌旭¹, 杨涛¹, 李建国¹, 董爱琴¹^,^*()

1.江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业农村部酸化土改良与利用重点实验室，江西南昌 330200
2.华南农业大学资源环境学院，广东广州 510462

收稿日期:2024-05-08 出版日期:2024-07-18 发布日期:2024-09-04
通讯作者: *董爱琴。E-mail: aiqin.dong@outlook.com
作者简介:谢杰（1983年生），男，副研究员，博士，主要从事受污染耕地安全利用研究。E-mail: jerous.xie@outlook.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(22166019);江西省现代农业科研协同创新专项项目(JXXTCXBSJJ202014);国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1700203)

Effects of Long-term Returning of Astragalus sinicus L. on Content and Forms of DOM and Cd in Paddy Soil

XIE Jie¹^,²(), CHEN Yuanhua¹, XU Changxu¹, YANG Tao¹, LI Jianguo¹, DONG Aiqin¹^,^*()

1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer & Environmental and Resources/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Key Laboratory of Acidified Soil Amelioration and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, P. R. China
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510462, P. R. China

Received:2024-05-08 Online:2024-07-18 Published:2024-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

长期种植和翻压紫云英能够显著提高土壤中有机质（SOM）和水溶性有机物（DOM）的含量，影响土壤颗粒对重金属镉（Cd）的吸附行为和Cd在土壤中的形态，了解该条件下Cd在不同土层中的特征对紫云英的进一步推广种植具有重要意义。以余江区（YJ）、南昌县（NC）、丰城市（FC）3地长期种植和翻压紫云英处理（F+M）和化肥处理（F）的定位试验点为研究对象，测试了不同层次土壤中SOM、水溶性有机碳（DOC）含量、Cd总量和形态、DOM三维荧光，以期探明紫云英长期还田模式下不同土层中DOM成分的差异及其对Cd含量和形态影响。结果显示，NC和FC试验点F+M处理耕作层土壤（0－20cm）中SOM的含量显著高于F处理，分别提高16.8%和10.5%。同一土层中土壤Cd活性呈现F+M处理>F处理的趋势。紫云英DOM主要在耕作层和中层（20－40 cm）土壤中迁移，YJ、NC、FC试验点中，F+M处理耕作层土壤中DOC含量比F处理分别提高17.0%、58.1%和33.7%，中层土壤中DOC含量分别提高43.0%、36.7%和11.2%。种植和翻压紫云英降低了DOM中类蛋白质组分的占比，增加了类腐殖质组分的占比，耕作层、中层和深层土壤（40－60 cm）中，3个试验点F处理DOM中类蛋白质的平均占比分别为7.34%、16.7%、23.9%，占比分别是F+M处理的1.26、1.92和1.54倍。类蛋白质组分的深层迁移能力大于类腐殖质组分。逐步回归分析表明，有生物活性的Cd形态占比与土壤SOM、类色氨酸含量存在负相关关系，与类富里酸含量存在正相关关系，其系数分别为−2.170、−0.760和0.239。常年种植和翻压紫云英通过影响土壤SOM总量以及DOM组分对土壤Cd表现出一定的活化潜力。

关键词: 紫云英, 长期还田, 水溶性有机物, 三维荧光光谱, Cd形态

Abstract:

Long-term planting and incorporation of green manuring Chinese milk vetches may significantly enhance the content of soil organic matter (SOM) and dissolved organic matter (DOM), thus influencing the adsorption behavior and speciation of cadmium (Cd) in soils. Understanding the characteristics of Cd in the soil layers at different depths is important for spreading the planting of Chinese milk vetches. This study was conducted at long-term experimental sites in Yujiang District (YJ), Nanchang County (NC), and Fengcheng City (FC) of Jiangxi Province, where chemical fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch were employed together (F+M), as well as chemical fertilizer alone. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC), SOM, 3D-EEMs, and Cd speciation in soils at different depths were investigated to determine the effects of Chinese milk vetch planting on DOM composition and Cd speciation in different soil layers. The results demonstrated that the SOM content in the plow layer soil (0‒20 cm) under the F+M treatment at the NC and FC experimental sites was significantly higher than that under the F treatment, with increases of 16.80% and 10.47%, respectively. The bioavailability of Cd in the soils of the F+M treatment was generally higher than that in the soils of the F treatment. The DOM of Chinese milk vetch is primarily transported in the plow layer and middle soil layers (20‒40 cm). Compared with those under the F treatment at the YJ, NC, and FC experimental sites, the DOC content in the plow layer soil under the F+M treatment increased by 17.02%, 58.14%, and 33.72%, respectively, and those in the middle layer soil increased by 42.95%, 36.67%, and 11.21%, respectively. The application of Chinese milk vetch can reduce the proportion of protein-like components in DOM, while increasing the proportion of humus-like components. In the plow, middle, and deep layers (40‒60 cm) of soils, the average contributions of protein-like components in DOM under the F treatments of the three experimental sites were 7.34%, 16.72%, and 23.93%, respectively, which were about 1.26, 1.92, and 1.54 times higher than those in the F+M treatment group. Compared with humus-like components, protein-like components showed a higher migration potential to the deep soil layer. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the proportions of biologically active Cd speciation were negatively correlated with SOM content (r= ‒2.170) and tryptophan-like components (r = ‒0.760), but positively correlated with the contents of fulvic-like components (r=0.239). The findings of this study suggest that the activation risks of Cd in soils may be posed by changes in SOM and DOM, which could be attributed to long-term planting and the incorporation of green manure Chinese milk vetches in the field.

Key words: Astragalus sinicus L., long-term returning, dissolved organic matter, three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum, Cd form

中图分类号:

X142

谢杰, 陈院华, 徐昌旭, 杨涛, 李建国, 董爱琴. 紫云英长期还田对稻田土壤DOM和Cd形态影响研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(7): 1096-1106.

XIE Jie, CHEN Yuanhua, XU Changxu, YANG Tao, LI Jianguo, DONG Aiqin. Effects of Long-term Returning of Astragalus sinicus L. on Content and Forms of DOM and Cd in Paddy Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(7): 1096-1106.

图/表 9

参考文献 41

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试验点	处理	w_(OM)/(g∙kg⁻¹)			w_(DOC)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)
试验点	处理	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm
YJ	F	28.4±1.19c	12.8±2.88c	5.31±1.15b	310.1±10.8d	121.1±17.6c	75.3±13.5d
YJ	F+M	30.8±2.15c	15.9±2.58bc	5.72±0.63b	362.9±16.6c	173.1±24.0ab	77.7±9.0d
NC	F	36.9±1.69b	17.1±2.40ab	9.06±0.86a	259.7±18.5e	151.3±16.2bc	108.8±11.2ab
NC	F+M	43.1±3.03a	21.0±2.47a	10.6±1.65a	410.8±11.7b	206.9±17.8a	118.8±15.6a
FC	F	34.4±4.30c	7.62±1.10d	6.00±0.66b	436.3±22.2b	121.3±16.9c	88.3±8.0bc
FC	F+M	38.0±2.59b	7.80±1.85d	6.93±1.50b	583.4±39.7a	134.9±33.5bc	95.2±6.2bc

试验点	处理	w_(OM)/(g∙kg⁻¹)			w_(DOC)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)
试验点	处理	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm
YJ	F	28.4±1.19c	12.8±2.88c	5.31±1.15b	310.1±10.8d	121.1±17.6c	75.3±13.5d
YJ	F+M	30.8±2.15c	15.9±2.58bc	5.72±0.63b	362.9±16.6c	173.1±24.0ab	77.7±9.0d
NC	F	36.9±1.69b	17.1±2.40ab	9.06±0.86a	259.7±18.5e	151.3±16.2bc	108.8±11.2ab
NC	F+M	43.1±3.03a	21.0±2.47a	10.6±1.65a	410.8±11.7b	206.9±17.8a	118.8±15.6a
FC	F	34.4±4.30c	7.62±1.10d	6.00±0.66b	436.3±22.2b	121.3±16.9c	88.3±8.0bc
FC	F+M	38.0±2.59b	7.80±1.85d	6.93±1.50b	583.4±39.7a	134.9±33.5bc	95.2±6.2bc

试验点	处理	类蛋白质组分			类腐殖质组分
试验点	处理	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm
YJ	F	7.76±1.37ab	16.6±3.04a	23.8±2.00a	92.2±1.37cd	83.4±3.04c	76.2±2.00b
YJ	F+M	6.99±1.24abc	13.6±5.73ab	22.9±3.77a	93.0±1.24bcd	86.4±5.73bc	77.1±3.77b
NC	F	8.32±0.37a	19.2±3.40a	26.5±3.65a	91.7±0.37d	80.8±3.40c	73.5±3.65b
NC	F+M	6.50±1.19bc	7.47±3.98b	12.2±1.21b	93.5±1.19bc	92.5±3.98ab	87.8±1.21a
FC	F	5.94±0.05c	14.4±4.25ab	21.4±4.40a	94.1±0.05b	85.6±4.25bc	78.6±4.40b
FC	F+M	3.97±0.24d	5.05±1.61c	11.4±3.95b	96.0±0.24a	94.9±1.61a	88.6±3.95a

试验点	处理	类蛋白质组分			类腐殖质组分
试验点	处理	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm
YJ	F	7.76±1.37ab	16.6±3.04a	23.8±2.00a	92.2±1.37cd	83.4±3.04c	76.2±2.00b
YJ	F+M	6.99±1.24abc	13.6±5.73ab	22.9±3.77a	93.0±1.24bcd	86.4±5.73bc	77.1±3.77b
NC	F	8.32±0.37a	19.2±3.40a	26.5±3.65a	91.7±0.37d	80.8±3.40c	73.5±3.65b
NC	F+M	6.50±1.19bc	7.47±3.98b	12.2±1.21b	93.5±1.19bc	92.5±3.98ab	87.8±1.21a
FC	F	5.94±0.05c	14.4±4.25ab	21.4±4.40a	94.1±0.05b	85.6±4.25bc	78.6±4.40b
FC	F+M	3.97±0.24d	5.05±1.61c	11.4±3.95b	96.0±0.24a	94.9±1.61a	88.6±3.95a

组分	试验点	处理	土层
组分	试验点	处理	0‒20 cm	20‒40 cm	40‒60 cm
类酪氨酸组分	YJ	F	14.7±3.24aAB	4.66±1.25bAB	2.08±0.15cC
	YJ	F+M	16.3±3.21aAB	7.54±3.38bA	2.52±0.14bBC
	NC	F	12.7±0.85aAB	5.36±0.80bAB	3.49±0.45cABC
	NC	F+M	14.8±4.30aAB	6.19±2.90bAB	4.77±0.98cA
	FC	F	17.6±1.41aA	6.84±1.51bAB	4.42±1.28bA
	FC	F+M	11.2±0.44aB	2.87±1.65 bB	3.75±0.79bAB
类色氨酸组分	YJ	F	28.2±4.29aAB	24.1±5.71 aAB	20.3±3.15aB
	YJ	F+M	30.3±5.09aAB	26.5±6.01abAB	19.4±4.09bB
	NC	F	24.3±2.79aB	31.1±2.49aA	30.2±4.53aA
	NC	F+M	34.0±5.16aA	19.4±7.35bB	17.6±1.35bBC
	FC	F	31.1±0.81aAB	19.6±5.73bB	20.8±2.52bB
	FC	F+M	34.7±1.96aA	20.0±5.14bB	13.0±3.51bC
类富里酸组分	YJ	F	171±7.76aE	73.7±7.50bC	45.8±8.87cC
	YJ	F+M	202±10.7aD	108±17.1bB	47.1±4.31cC
	NC	F	145±15.9aE	95.2±15.6bBC	64.5±8.47cAB
	NC	F+M	249±11.3aC	136±11.8bA	75.4±6.30cA
	FC	F	281±18.7aB	70.5±6.43bC	52.3±6.46cBC
	FC	F+M	355±20.2aA	85.4±11.1bBC	58.6±5.31cBC
类胡敏酸组分	YJ	F	95.7±2.99aC	18.7±4.52bB	7.12±2.11cB
	YJ	F+M	114.2±4.42aB	31.0±3.37bB	8.69±1.93cB
	NC	F	77.4±3.64aD	19.7±4.39bB	10.7±1.49cB
	NC	F+M	113±5.80aB	50.4±1.39bA	21.0±8.03cA
	FC	F	106±1.59aBC	24.4±6.49bB	10.8±0.87cB
	FC	F+M	183±18.1aA	36.6±5.97bB	19.9±4.93cA

紫云英长期还田对稻田土壤DOM和Cd形态影响研究

Effects of Long-term Returning of Astragalus sinicus L. on Content and Forms of DOM and Cd in Paddy Soil

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试验点	F处理	F+M处理
YJ	早稻: 尿素330 kg∙hm⁻², 过磷酸钙470 kg∙hm⁻², 氯化钾190 kg∙hm⁻² 晚稻: 尿素390 kg∙hm⁻², 过磷酸钙470 kg∙hm⁻², 氯化钾240 kg∙hm⁻²	早稻: 翻压紫云英 (22500 kg∙hm⁻²), 化肥减为F处理的60% 晚稻: 同F处理
NC	早稻: 尿素330 kg∙hm⁻², 过磷酸钙375 kg∙hm⁻², 氯化钾240 kg∙hm⁻² 晚稻: 尿素390 kg∙hm⁻², 过磷酸钙375 kg∙hm⁻², 氯化钾240 kg∙hm⁻²	早稻: 翻压紫云英 (22500 kg∙hm⁻²), 化肥同F处理晚稻: 同F处理
FC	早稻: 尿素330 kg∙hm⁻², 过磷酸钙470 kg∙hm⁻², 氯化钾190 kg∙hm⁻² 晚稻: 尿素390 kg∙hm⁻², 过磷酸钙470 kg∙hm⁻², 氯化钾240 kg∙hm⁻²	早稻: 翻压紫云英 (22500 kg∙hm⁻²), 化肥减为F处理的60% 晚稻: 同F处理

模型		未标准化系数		标准化系数	t	显著性	共线性统计		r	调整后r²	德宾-沃森值
模型		B	标准错误	Beta	t	显著性	容差	VIF	r	调整后r²	德宾-沃森值
1	常量	77.2	4.22		18.3	0.000			0.593	0.339
1	OM	−1.01	0.190	−0.593	−5.31	0.000	1.00	1.00
2	常量	73.8	3.62		20.3	0.000			0.743	0.534
	OM	−2.38	0.330	−1.41	−7.23	0.000	0.233	4.30
	FU	0.225	0.047	0.927	4.77	0.000	0.233	4.30
3	常量	86.1	6.42		13.4	0.000			0.772	0.571	1.85
	OM	−2.17	0.330	−1.28	−6.58	0.000	0.214	4.66
	FU	0.239	0.046	0.985	5.24	0.000	0.229	4.37
	TR	−0.760	0.326	−0.276	−2.33	0.024	0.575	1.74

[1]	刘晨, 白雪冬, 赵海超, 黄智鸿, 刘松涛, 卢海博, 刘子刚, 刘雪玲. 寒旱区春玉米秸秆还田方式对土壤DOM光谱特征的影响机制[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1419-1432.
[2]	梅闯, 蔡昆争, 黎紫珊, 徐美丽, 黄飞. 稻秆生物炭对稻田土壤Cd形态转化和微生物群落的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 380-390.