中国不同气候类型森林土壤微生物群落结构及其影响因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1355-1364.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.001

• 研究论文【生态学】 • 下一篇

中国不同气候类型森林土壤微生物群落结构及其影响因素

姜懿珊¹^,²(), 孙迎韬², 张干², 罗春玲²^,^*()

1.武汉科技大学绿色制造工程研究院，湖北武汉 4880011
2.中国科学院广州地球化学研究所/有机地球化学国家重点实验室，广东广州 510640

收稿日期:2023-07-20 出版日期:2023-08-18 发布日期:2023-11-08
通讯作者: *罗春玲。E-mail: clluo@gig.ac.cn
作者简介:姜懿珊（1990年生），女，助理研究员，博士，从事土壤元素循环、污染控制及类土壤转化机制研究。E-mail: jiangyishan@wust.edu.cn
基金资助:
有机地球化学国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLOG202106)

Pattern and Influencing Factors of Forest Soil Microbial Communities in Different Climate Types in China

JIANG Yishan¹^,²(), SUN Yingtao², ZHANG Gan², LUO Chunling²^,^*()

1. Academy of Green Manufacturing Engineering, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, P. R. China
2. Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China

Received:2023-07-20 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

森林土壤微生物决定了森林生态系统的能量流动和物质循环，研究其群落结构和影响因素对于维持生态系统稳定性和应对全球气候变化具有重要意义。磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）因其仅在活体微生物中存在的特性，可以作为生物标志物直观反映土壤中不同种类微生物群落的生物量和群落结构。以土壤微生物为对象，采用PLFA方法，分析了中国全部6种气候类型中天然森林土壤中微生物的群落结构、生物量和理化性质，并采用相关分析和冗余分析方法分析了影响微生物群落结构的主要因素。结果表明，6种气候类型中，土壤容重、土壤pH、土壤凋落物碳质量分数、土壤有机碳质量分数、土壤总氮质量分数、土壤碳氮比和土壤总磷质量分数存在显著差异。真菌群落生物量在6种气候类型中存在显著差异，随气候类型从寒带-温带-热带变化中呈现先升后降的趋势。暖温带土壤真菌与细菌比值最高（0.7），显著高于亚热带、热带土壤（0.4－0.5）。热带土壤和高原土壤的革兰氏阳性与阴性菌比显著高于其他气候类型（1.3－1.5），亚热带土壤最低（0.7）。气候（年均温、年降水量）和土壤理化性质（土壤pH、土壤容重、土壤总氮质量分数和土壤有机碳质量分数）与PLFAs质量分数所代表的土壤微生物生物量和群落结构呈现显著相关关系（P<0.01）。综上，在中国6种气候类型中，森林土壤中总PLFAs所代表的生物量差异不大，但土壤的理化性质和微生物群落结构差异显著。森林土壤微生物群落结构最主要影响因素是年均温、年降水量和土壤pH值。

关键词: 森林土壤, 微生物群落结构, 微生物生物量, 气候类型

Abstract:

Forest soil microorganisms determine the energy flow and material cycle of forest ecosystems, and their community structure and influencing factors are significant to maintain ecosystem stability and respond to global climate change. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) can be used as biomarkers to directly reflect the biomass and community structure of different microbial communities in soil because they only exist in living microorganisms. This study focuses on soil microorganisms and uses the PLFA method to analyze the community structure, biomass, and physicochemical properties of microorganisms in natural forest soils from all six climate types in China. The main factors affecting the microbial community structure were analyzed using correlation analysis and redundancy analysis methods. The analysis results indicate that there are significant differences in soil density, soil pH, soil litter carbon content, soil organic carbon content, soil total nitrogen content, soil carbon nitrogen ratio, and soil total phosphorus content among the six climate types. There are significant differences in fungal community biomass among the six climate types, with a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the climate types change from cold zone to temperate zone to tropical zone. The ratio of fungi to bacteria in warm temperate soil is the highest (0.7), significantly higher than that in subtropical and tropical soils (0.4-0.5). The ratio of Gram positive to negative bacteria in tropical and alpine soils is significantly higher than that in other climate types (1.3-1.5), with the lowest in subtropical soils (0.7). The climate (annual average temperature, annual precipitation) and soil physicochemical properties (soil pH, soil density, soil total nitrogen content and soil organic carbon content) are significantly correlated with the soil microbial biomass and community structure represented by PLFAs content (P<0.01). This study summarizes that there is no significant difference in the overall microbial biomass represented by total PLFAs among six climate types, but there are significant differences in soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structure. The main influencing factors of forest soil microbial community structure are annual mean temperature, annual mean precipitation and soil pH value. This study reveals the characteristics of forest soil microbial communities in China as a whole, and providing a basis for us to reveal the response of soil microbial communities to climate change in space.

Key words: forest soil, microbial structure, microbial biomass, climate types

中图分类号:

姜懿珊, 孙迎韬, 张干, 罗春玲. 中国不同气候类型森林土壤微生物群落结构及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1355-1364.

JIANG Yishan, SUN Yingtao, ZHANG Gan, LUO Chunling. Pattern and Influencing Factors of Forest Soil Microbial Communities in Different Climate Types in China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(8): 1355-1364.

图/表 6

参考文献 37

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气候森林类型	采样区	经纬度	采样点数量	海拔高度范围/m	年降雨量范围/mm	年均温范围/℃
寒温带针叶林	大兴安岭DX	123.5143°E, 49.5409W	8	445‒1370	371‒549	-3.6‒ -1.3
温带针阔混交林	小兴安岭XX	129.6451E, 47.4468W	9	240‒1420	619‒693	1.1‒2.8
	长白山CB	128.1301E, 42.1402W	4	1250‒2000	941‒950	5.1‒5.1
	赛罕乌拉HS	118.7067E, 44.1911W	3	1170‒1400	509‒509	4.0‒4.0
	塞罕坝SH	117.2924E, 42.4682W	4	1560‒1870	530‒541	4.0‒4.5
	白草洼BC	117.6061E, 40.8154W	4	1120‒1710	656‒664	8.5‒8.6
暖温带落叶阔叶林	五岳寨WY	113.8379E, 38.7197W	4	1430‒1880	525‒525	11.1‒11.1
	关帝山GD	111.4423E, 37.8880W	3	1310‒2200	469‒469	9.7‒9.7
	秦岭QL	107.8002E, 34.0171W	6	870‒2350	674‒696	13.4‒13.7
	青峰山QF	107.4418E, 34.0009W	3	1530‒2100	699‒706	13.5‒13.6
	鳌山AS	107.4666E, 33.8583W	4	1260‒1720	728‒731	13.8‒13.9
亚热带常绿阔叶林	神农架SN	110.5480E, 31.7582W	4	1210‒3090	1005‒1127	15.9‒16.0
	天目山TM	119.7071E, 30.5828W	4	540‒1460	1692‒1774	16.9‒17.0
	梵净山FJ	108.7021E, 27.9072W	3	1482‒2095	1500‒1501	15.2‒15.2
	武功山WG	114.1627E, 27.4649W	3	778‒1115	2067‒2068	18.2‒18.2
	雷公山LG	108.1994E, 26.3806W	4	1223‒1844	1555‒1558	16.3‒16.3
	南岭NL	113.0148E, 24.9141W	4	1160‒1520	2080‒2082	19.4‒19.5
	井冈山JG	114.1635E, 26.4999W	5	925‒1350	2079‒2084	18.6‒18.7
	哀牢山AL	101.0328E, 24.5333W	5	2190‒2655	985‒991	17.7‒17.7
	戴云山DY	118.2217E, 25.6431W	5	1100‒1510	2010‒2012	20.3‒20.3
	鼎湖山DH	112.5386E, 23.1684W	3	210‒586	2073‒2073	21.5‒21.5
	十万大山SW	107.9145E, 21.8843W	5	393‒708	1819‒1824	22.7‒22.8
热带雨林	西双版纳BN	101.2854E, 21.9072W	2	652‒805	97.08‒97.08	22.98‒22.98
	尖峰岭JF	108.8900E, 18.7297W	1	873‒873	76.83‒76.83	25.08‒25.08
	霸王岭BW	108.8067E, 18.6999W	2	1101‒1148	76.08‒76.83	25.08‒25.08
	海南岛HN	109.6399E, 19.4486W	2	143‒143	1815‒1815	23.5‒23.5
高原山地森林	贡嘎山GG	102.0709E, 29.6033W	4	2300‒2700	1353‒1613	7.6‒10.1

气候森林类型	采样区	经纬度	采样点数量	海拔高度范围/m	年降雨量范围/mm	年均温范围/℃
寒温带针叶林	大兴安岭DX	123.5143°E, 49.5409W	8	445‒1370	371‒549	-3.6‒ -1.3
温带针阔混交林	小兴安岭XX	129.6451E, 47.4468W	9	240‒1420	619‒693	1.1‒2.8
	长白山CB	128.1301E, 42.1402W	4	1250‒2000	941‒950	5.1‒5.1
	赛罕乌拉HS	118.7067E, 44.1911W	3	1170‒1400	509‒509	4.0‒4.0
	塞罕坝SH	117.2924E, 42.4682W	4	1560‒1870	530‒541	4.0‒4.5
	白草洼BC	117.6061E, 40.8154W	4	1120‒1710	656‒664	8.5‒8.6
暖温带落叶阔叶林	五岳寨WY	113.8379E, 38.7197W	4	1430‒1880	525‒525	11.1‒11.1
	关帝山GD	111.4423E, 37.8880W	3	1310‒2200	469‒469	9.7‒9.7
	秦岭QL	107.8002E, 34.0171W	6	870‒2350	674‒696	13.4‒13.7
	青峰山QF	107.4418E, 34.0009W	3	1530‒2100	699‒706	13.5‒13.6
	鳌山AS	107.4666E, 33.8583W	4	1260‒1720	728‒731	13.8‒13.9
亚热带常绿阔叶林	神农架SN	110.5480E, 31.7582W	4	1210‒3090	1005‒1127	15.9‒16.0
	天目山TM	119.7071E, 30.5828W	4	540‒1460	1692‒1774	16.9‒17.0
	梵净山FJ	108.7021E, 27.9072W	3	1482‒2095	1500‒1501	15.2‒15.2
	武功山WG	114.1627E, 27.4649W	3	778‒1115	2067‒2068	18.2‒18.2
	雷公山LG	108.1994E, 26.3806W	4	1223‒1844	1555‒1558	16.3‒16.3
	南岭NL	113.0148E, 24.9141W	4	1160‒1520	2080‒2082	19.4‒19.5
	井冈山JG	114.1635E, 26.4999W	5	925‒1350	2079‒2084	18.6‒18.7
	哀牢山AL	101.0328E, 24.5333W	5	2190‒2655	985‒991	17.7‒17.7
	戴云山DY	118.2217E, 25.6431W	5	1100‒1510	2010‒2012	20.3‒20.3
	鼎湖山DH	112.5386E, 23.1684W	3	210‒586	2073‒2073	21.5‒21.5
	十万大山SW	107.9145E, 21.8843W	5	393‒708	1819‒1824	22.7‒22.8
热带雨林	西双版纳BN	101.2854E, 21.9072W	2	652‒805	97.08‒97.08	22.98‒22.98
	尖峰岭JF	108.8900E, 18.7297W	1	873‒873	76.83‒76.83	25.08‒25.08
	霸王岭BW	108.8067E, 18.6999W	2	1101‒1148	76.08‒76.83	25.08‒25.08
	海南岛HN	109.6399E, 19.4486W	2	143‒143	1815‒1815	23.5‒23.5
高原山地森林	贡嘎山GG	102.0709E, 29.6033W	4	2300‒2700	1353‒1613	7.6‒10.1

气候类型		土壤容重/ (g∙cm^-3)	pH	凋落物碳质量分数/%	有机碳质量分数/%	总氮质量分数/%	碳氮比	总磷质量分数/‰	真菌与细菌比	革兰氏阳性与阴性菌比
寒温带	DX	0.42±0.17 ¹⁾	5.03±0.78	36.31±6.00	17.32±8.96	0.71±0.37	32.07±24.65	2.97±3.96	0.65±0.33	0.81±0.35
温带	BC	0.48±0.16	5.53±0.73	35.12±1.43	10.95±4.49	0.91±0.28	11.66±2.18	1.07±0.12	0.64±0.11	0.58±0.16
	CB	0.21±0.03 ²⁾	4.83±0.40	26.62±5.36	6.70±1.75	0.49±0.14	13.77±0.70	1.00±0.15	0.64±0.20	0.97±0.50
	HS	0.46±0.19	6.01±0.50	30.62±7.36	6.30±2.23	0.45±0.23	14.74±2.37	0.61±0.27	0.67±0.10	0.71±0.26
	SH	0.43±0.13	6.39±0.38	28.62±5.61	10.83±4.86	0.69±0.34	16.49±2.08	0.82±0.31	0.70±0.12	0.59±0.18
	XX	0.42±0.10	5.60±0.45	34.74±5.00	13.85±4.85	0.94±0.34	14.87±1.58	1.39±0.39	0.48±0.05	1.30±0.20
暖温带	AS	0.32±0.09	5.19±0.86	35.48±4.86	20.36±11.25	1.09±0.38	17.81±3.88	1.00±0.23	0.74±0.11	0.56±0.06
	GD	0.31±0.06	5.96±0.61	36.59±2.36	11.14±1.01	0.58±0.01	19.32±1.57	0.93±0.01	0.56±0.06	1.13±0.20
	QF	0.37±0.02	5.95±0.26	36.91±1.96	10.94±3.18	0.81±0.40	15.26±5.79	1.19±0.36	0.70±0.18	1.19±0.46
	QL	0.37±0.05	6.42±0.65	35.09±3.21	13.75±4.13	1.00±0.25	13.74±1.39	1.47±0.41	0.77±0.14	0.62±0.16
	WY	0.42±0.22	5.24±1.06	28.33±8.18	5.26±1.00	0.34±0.10	15.62±1.60	0.81±0.23	0.61±0.07	0.98±0.64
亚热带	AL	0.53±0.09	4.45±0.68	46.18±1.27	14.33±5.75	0.96±0.35	14.95±3.44	1.12±0.46	0.55±0.09	0.61±0.20
	DH	0.81±0.15	3.78±0.18		4.51±1.04	0.21±0.11	25.29±11.48	0.33±0.03	0.48±0.17	0.69±0.23
	DY	0.42±0.14	3.79±0.37	48.04±1.92	9.59±3.42	0.52±0.19	18.47±2.27	0.41±0.09	0.51±0.07	0.56±0.14
	FJ	0.30±0.09	4.30±0.38	43.70±6.25	18.06±5.68	1.25±0.37	14.46±0.48	1.28±0.55	0.33±0.10	1.11±0.45
	JG	0.51±0.20	4.85±2.00	46.25±1.92	9.22±4.38	0.37±0.25	31.97±13.88	0.46±0.15	0.45±0.07	0.61±0.17
	LG	0.66±0.13	4.13±0.76	39.36±4.63	13.78±2.56	0.92±0.23	15.18±1.69	0.89±0.28	0.46±0.10	0.51±0.14
	NL	0.64±0.17	4.28±0.13	38.48±4.49	5.42±1.38	0.50±0.10	11.06±3.14	0.28±0.08	0.63±0.29	0.53±0.17
	SN	0.33±0.04	5.32±0.69	39.00±3.82	16.73±12.42	1.05±0.62	14.67±3.22	1.38±0.55	0.80±0.18	0.50±0.10
	SW	0.77±0.12	3.80±0.25	33.81±13.80	5.01±1.51	0.33±0.11	19.93±17.53	0.24±0.05	0.27±0.11	1.01±0.24
	TM	0.62±0.23	4.56±0.39		7.21±4.17	0.52±0.32	14.12±1.22	0.93±0.47	0.46±0.17	0.89±0.59
	WG	0.72±0.17	4.37±0.16	26.83±8.40	3.66±1.10	0.27±0.08	13.35±1.44	0.71±0.20	0.41±0.07	1.08±0.73
热带	BN	1.22±0.02	5.91±0.84	31.14±3.58	2.39±1.56	0.32±0.20	7.42±0.33	10.48±9.77	0.32±0.08	1.94±0.26
	BW	1.17±0.15	4.89±0.11	35.00±5.65	2.38±0.52	0.23±0.02	10.15±1.56	2.85±0.57	0.49±0.08	1.51±0.03
	HN	1.24±0.05	4.66±0.33	‒	2.01±0.45	0.31±0.07	6.55±0.05	0.26±0.06	0.44±0.03	1.26±0.39
	JF	1.32±0	5.65±0	39.00±0	1.53±0	0.17±0	8.90±0	1.52±0	0.51±0	1.18±0
高原	GG	1.03±0.30	4.49±0.97	34.14±13.60	5.87±3.66	0.42±0.18	13.13±3.78	8.31±2.87	0.49±0.12	1.34±0.28

气候类型		土壤容重/ (g∙cm^-3)	pH	凋落物碳质量分数/%	有机碳质量分数/%	总氮质量分数/%	碳氮比	总磷质量分数/‰	真菌与细菌比	革兰氏阳性与阴性菌比
寒温带	DX	0.42±0.17 ¹⁾	5.03±0.78	36.31±6.00	17.32±8.96	0.71±0.37	32.07±24.65	2.97±3.96	0.65±0.33	0.81±0.35
温带	BC	0.48±0.16	5.53±0.73	35.12±1.43	10.95±4.49	0.91±0.28	11.66±2.18	1.07±0.12	0.64±0.11	0.58±0.16
	CB	0.21±0.03 ²⁾	4.83±0.40	26.62±5.36	6.70±1.75	0.49±0.14	13.77±0.70	1.00±0.15	0.64±0.20	0.97±0.50
	HS	0.46±0.19	6.01±0.50	30.62±7.36	6.30±2.23	0.45±0.23	14.74±2.37	0.61±0.27	0.67±0.10	0.71±0.26
	SH	0.43±0.13	6.39±0.38	28.62±5.61	10.83±4.86	0.69±0.34	16.49±2.08	0.82±0.31	0.70±0.12	0.59±0.18
	XX	0.42±0.10	5.60±0.45	34.74±5.00	13.85±4.85	0.94±0.34	14.87±1.58	1.39±0.39	0.48±0.05	1.30±0.20
暖温带	AS	0.32±0.09	5.19±0.86	35.48±4.86	20.36±11.25	1.09±0.38	17.81±3.88	1.00±0.23	0.74±0.11	0.56±0.06
	GD	0.31±0.06	5.96±0.61	36.59±2.36	11.14±1.01	0.58±0.01	19.32±1.57	0.93±0.01	0.56±0.06	1.13±0.20
	QF	0.37±0.02	5.95±0.26	36.91±1.96	10.94±3.18	0.81±0.40	15.26±5.79	1.19±0.36	0.70±0.18	1.19±0.46
	QL	0.37±0.05	6.42±0.65	35.09±3.21	13.75±4.13	1.00±0.25	13.74±1.39	1.47±0.41	0.77±0.14	0.62±0.16
	WY	0.42±0.22	5.24±1.06	28.33±8.18	5.26±1.00	0.34±0.10	15.62±1.60	0.81±0.23	0.61±0.07	0.98±0.64
亚热带	AL	0.53±0.09	4.45±0.68	46.18±1.27	14.33±5.75	0.96±0.35	14.95±3.44	1.12±0.46	0.55±0.09	0.61±0.20
	DH	0.81±0.15	3.78±0.18		4.51±1.04	0.21±0.11	25.29±11.48	0.33±0.03	0.48±0.17	0.69±0.23
	DY	0.42±0.14	3.79±0.37	48.04±1.92	9.59±3.42	0.52±0.19	18.47±2.27	0.41±0.09	0.51±0.07	0.56±0.14
	FJ	0.30±0.09	4.30±0.38	43.70±6.25	18.06±5.68	1.25±0.37	14.46±0.48	1.28±0.55	0.33±0.10	1.11±0.45
	JG	0.51±0.20	4.85±2.00	46.25±1.92	9.22±4.38	0.37±0.25	31.97±13.88	0.46±0.15	0.45±0.07	0.61±0.17
	LG	0.66±0.13	4.13±0.76	39.36±4.63	13.78±2.56	0.92±0.23	15.18±1.69	0.89±0.28	0.46±0.10	0.51±0.14
	NL	0.64±0.17	4.28±0.13	38.48±4.49	5.42±1.38	0.50±0.10	11.06±3.14	0.28±0.08	0.63±0.29	0.53±0.17
	SN	0.33±0.04	5.32±0.69	39.00±3.82	16.73±12.42	1.05±0.62	14.67±3.22	1.38±0.55	0.80±0.18	0.50±0.10
	SW	0.77±0.12	3.80±0.25	33.81±13.80	5.01±1.51	0.33±0.11	19.93±17.53	0.24±0.05	0.27±0.11	1.01±0.24
	TM	0.62±0.23	4.56±0.39		7.21±4.17	0.52±0.32	14.12±1.22	0.93±0.47	0.46±0.17	0.89±0.59
	WG	0.72±0.17	4.37±0.16	26.83±8.40	3.66±1.10	0.27±0.08	13.35±1.44	0.71±0.20	0.41±0.07	1.08±0.73
热带	BN	1.22±0.02	5.91±0.84	31.14±3.58	2.39±1.56	0.32±0.20	7.42±0.33	10.48±9.77	0.32±0.08	1.94±0.26
	BW	1.17±0.15	4.89±0.11	35.00±5.65	2.38±0.52	0.23±0.02	10.15±1.56	2.85±0.57	0.49±0.08	1.51±0.03
	HN	1.24±0.05	4.66±0.33	‒	2.01±0.45	0.31±0.07	6.55±0.05	0.26±0.06	0.44±0.03	1.26±0.39
	JF	1.32±0	5.65±0	39.00±0	1.53±0	0.17±0	8.90±0	1.52±0	0.51±0	1.18±0
高原	GG	1.03±0.30	4.49±0.97	34.14±13.60	5.87±3.66	0.42±0.18	13.13±3.78	8.31±2.87	0.49±0.12	1.34±0.28

环境参数	细菌	真菌	革兰氏阳性菌	革兰氏阴性菌	总PLFAs	真菌和细菌比	革兰氏阳性和阴性菌比
经度	0.158	0.141	0.106	-0.006	0.121	0.067	0.039
纬度	0.260**²⁾	0.348**	0.177	0.111	0.277**	0.335**	0.019
海拔高度	-0.030	0.077	-0.112	0.113	0.032	0.245*	-0.232*
年均温	-0.263**	-0.325**	-0.211*	-0.129	-0.293**	-0.281**	-0.049
年降水量	-0.183	-0.299**	-0.228*	-0.079	-0.261**	-0.347*	-0.194*
土壤容重	-0.232*³⁾	-0.321**	0.013	-0.249**	-0.192*	-0.328**	0.362**
pH	0.218*	0.333**	0.241*	0.081	0.279**	0.277**	0.183
凋落物碳质量分数	0.019	-0.083	-0.057	0.101	-0.027	-0.094	-0.179
土壤有机碳	0.509**	0.534**	0.303**	0.567**	0.498**	0.312**	-0.293**
土壤总氮	0.590**	0.603**	0.426**	0.582**	0.585**	0.205*	-0.174
土壤碳氮比	-0.047	-0.042	-0.132	0.019	-0.076	0.090	-0.228*
土壤总磷	-0.051	-0.083	0.168	-0.093	0.049	0.104	0.325**

中国不同气候类型森林土壤微生物群落结构及其影响因素

Pattern and Influencing Factors of Forest Soil Microbial Communities in Different Climate Types in China

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