关键词: 基因技术, 生态风险, 伦理治理, 整体视角, 代际正义, 趋“善”

Abstract:

Gene technology is often associated with the concept of a healthy, manageable, curable, and extended lifespan. However, with the development of research and large-scale applications of biological gene technology, and its enormous commercial value, many ecological risks have emerged. The pollution of gene banks can lead to biodiversity loss, genetic drift, and mismatches, which may cause bioethical challenges including bio-hegemony, bio-essentialism, and pessimism. Disruption of the biosphere can lead to ecosystem imbalance, which, in turn, leads to bioethical misbehavior (e.g., plant racism, life injury, and species extinction). Ecological imbalances have led to environmental crises (e.g., global warming, destruction of soil microbial communities, and over-consumption of natural resources), which affect the resources for the next generation of humans and other living beings and hinders sustainable human development, leading to intergenerational ethical anomalies. Ethics are the central foundation of legislation and public policymaking. The normative role of ethics should be emphasized to strike a balance between the development of gene technology and environmental protection. The essence of ethical governance of ecological risks in genetic technology is to resolve the ambiguity of the world’s human domination, expand moral categories, and determine the value characteristics of the invented new species. To summarize, this study proposes to construct a three-dimensional integrated ethical governance system that horizontally covers all groups from a holistic perspective, vertically regulates inter-generational equity and is deeply “good” in genes. It is expected to promote the integration of “true” and “good” gene technology to ensure the healthy development of gene technology, and provide a reference for ensuring the healthy development of gene technology and promoting the renewal and application of ecological ethics.

Key words: gene technology, ecological risk, ethical governance, holistic perspective, Inter-generational justice, “good” trend