华南典型金属制品遗留生产场地重金属空间分布特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.12.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 2228-2235.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.12.014

华南典型金属制品遗留生产场地重金属空间分布特征

陈敏毅¹(), 宋清梅², 叶权运², 游学睿², 吴颖欣²^,^*()

1.广州市环境技术中心（广州市水与海洋环境监测站），广东广州 510375
2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所，广东广州 510655

收稿日期:2023-08-23 出版日期:2023-12-18 发布日期:2024-02-05
通讯作者: *吴颖欣。E-mail: wuyingxin@scies.org
作者简介:陈敏毅（1971年生），男，高级工程师，研究方向为土壤环境管理与防治。E-mail: gzdavidchen@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803900)

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in a Brownfield Site of Metal Manufacture in Southern China

CHEN Minyi¹(), SONG Qingmei², YE Quanyun², YOU Xuerui², WU Yingxin²^,^*()

1. Guangzhou Environmental Technology Center (Guangzhou Monitoring Center of Aqueous and Marine Environment), Guangzhou 510375, P. R. China
2. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China

Received:2023-08-23 Online:2023-12-18 Published:2024-02-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

金属制品制造因涉及大量金属材料加工和使用，可能导致土壤重金属污染。揭示该行业场地土壤重金属的空间分布特征、成因和生态风险具有重要的现实意义。以华南典型金属制品制造遗留场地为对象，采集0－9 m土壤样品共517个，检测As、Cd、Cr、Hg、Ni、Pb、Sn、Zn等8种重金属元素，利用ArcGIS分析土壤各层重金属分布，通过相关性和变异性分析揭示空间分布特征与来源，并采用潜在生态风险指数法评估其生态风险。结果表明，表层（0－50 cm）土壤As、Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn等元素出现不同程度的累积，富集系数排序为Cd (13.27)>Zn (1.45)>As (1.22)>Ni (1.17)>Cr (1.15)。在水平分布上，As、Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn等元素呈现“斑块状聚集”现象，主要集中在木工和烤漆车间等区域，不同元素聚集特征与金属制品生产工艺密切相关。在垂向分布上，相关性分析表明各重金属质量分数与采样深度存在一定的负相关关系；受土壤质地、有机质含量等理化性质的共同影响，不同重金属的垂向迁移行为有所差异，垂向迁移能力排序为Ni>Cr>Sn>Pb>Zn。相关性分析结果等揭示土壤重金属可能来源于生产过程中产生的废水和废气，通过地面渗滤进入表层土壤。潜在生态风险评价表明，该场地的生态风险属于“极强”水平，主要集中在0－2 m深度范围内，且Cd是最主要的生态危害贡献因子。该研究可为金属制品生产企业场地土壤污染刻画与治理修复提供支撑。

关键词: 金属制品, 遗留场地, 重金属, 空间分布, 生态风险

Abstract:

The manufacture process of metal products involves the massive use of metal materials, which may lead to soil contamination by heavy metals. Understanding the spatial distribution properties, sources, and ecological risk of heavy metals in soils from brownfield sites of metal manufacturers is of great practical significance. In this study, a typical brownfield site of metal manufacture in southern China was investigated. A total of 517 soil samples were collected at the depths of 0-9 meters, and the contents of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, Pb, Sn, Zn were determined. Spatial distributions of heavy metals in each soil layer were analyzed with ArcGIS, while correlation and variability analyses were applied to explore their spatial distribution characteristics and sources. Finally, the ecological risk was assessed using the potential risk index method. The results showed the accumulation of elements including As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in the surface soil (0-50 cm), with Cd (13.27) displaying the highest enrichment coefficient, followed by Zn (1.45), As (1.22), Ni (1.17), and Cr (1.15). The spatial distribution of these metals exhibited a “hot spot” pattern, mainly concentrated in the carpentry and vanish-stoving workshops. The aggregation patterns of different elements were closely related to the manufacturing processes of metal products. Furthermore, the correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between the contents of heavy metals and sampling depth. The vertical migration behaviors varied depending on soil properties, including texture and organic matter content, with Ni showing the highest migration ability, followed by Cr, Sn, Pb, and Zn. The correlation and other analyses indicated that the main source of soil heavy metals were wastewater and exhaust gas emissions during manufacturing, which subsequently percolated through the surface soil. The potential ecological risk assessment showed an “extremely high” level of ecological hazards, which was mainly at the depth of 0-2 m, with Cd as the most important ecological hazard contributing factor. Overall, this study offers crucial scientific and technological support for characterizing pollution in metal product manufacturing enterprises and remediating sites contaminated with heavy metals.

Key words: metal products, brownfield site, heavy metal, spatial distribution, ecological risk

中图分类号:

陈敏毅, 宋清梅, 叶权运, 游学睿, 吴颖欣. 华南典型金属制品遗留生产场地重金属空间分布特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(12): 2228-2235.

CHEN Minyi, SONG Qingmei, YE Quanyun, YOU Xuerui, WU Yingxin. Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in a Brownfield Site of Metal Manufacture in Southern China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(12): 2228-2235.

图/表 7

图1 研究场地位置

Figure 1 Location of the studied site

图2 本研究场地采样点位图

Figure 2 The sampling points in the studied site

图3 重金属在表层土壤（0－50 cm）中的水平空间分布图

Figure 3 Horizontal spatial distribution of heavy metals in surface soil (0-50 cm)

图4 重金属在不同深度的空间分布图

Figure 4 Spatial distribution of heavy metals at different soil depths

图5 不同深度土壤层重金属质量分数箱线图

Figure 5 Box plot of the mass fractions of heavy metals in soils at different depths

图6 不同重金属与土层深度之间的相关性热图

Figure 6 Correlation hot map among heavy metals and soil depths

图7 不同重金属潜在生态风险评价

Figure 7 Potential ecological risk assessment of different heavy metals

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华南典型金属制品遗留生产场地重金属空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in a Brownfield Site of Metal Manufacture in Southern China

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