基于生态足迹的内蒙古自然资源可持续利用分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.018

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (8): 1525-1536.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.08.018

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇

基于生态足迹的内蒙古自然资源可持续利用分析

姚林杰¹^,²(), 张佳宁¹^,², 张恒瑞¹^,², 赵艳云¹^,², 张庆¹^,²^,³, 李元恒⁴^,⁵^,^*()

1.内蒙古大学生态与环境学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
2.蒙古高原生态学与资源利用教育部重点实验室/内蒙古大学生态与环境学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
3.草原生态安全省部共建协同创新中心，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
4.中国农业科学院草原研究所/农业农村部饲草高效生产模式创新重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010
5.内蒙古草业与草原研究院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010010

收稿日期:2022-07-28 出版日期:2023-08-18 发布日期:2023-11-08
通讯作者: *李元恒。E-mail: nmglyh@hotmail.com
作者简介:姚林杰（1996生），女，硕士研究生，研究方向为景观生态学。E-mail: 245969390@qq.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2021GG0392);内蒙古自治区科技计划项目(2019GG009);通辽市科技计划项目(TLYF2021007-02);内蒙古自然科学基金项目(2020MS03068)

Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources in Inner Mongolia Based on Ecological Footprint

YAO Linjie¹^,²(), ZHANG Jianing¹^,², ZHANG Hengrui¹^,², ZHAO Yanyun¹^,², ZHANG Qing¹^,²^,³, LI Yuanheng⁴^,⁵^,^*()

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
2. Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Ecology and Resource Use of the Mongolian Plateau/School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
3. Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security, Hohhot 010021, P. R. China
4. Grassland Research Institute of the Chinese Acadamy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory for Model Innovationin Forage Production Efficiency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hohhot 010010, P. R. China
5. Inner Mongolia Academy of Grassland Science, Hohhot 010010, P. R. China

Received:2022-07-28 Online:2023-08-18 Published:2023-11-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

内蒙古自治区作为中国北方重要的生态安全屏障，其重要性不言而喻。精准掌握内蒙古自治区自然资本利用状况是其可持续发展的基础，有利于提升绿色发展水平，构建绿色特色优势现代产业体系，促进生态保护与经济建设协调发展。生态足迹模型是一种广泛应用于判别可持续发展程度的重要方法。该文在行政单元内部开展生态足迹研究，进一步明确生态足迹空间异质性，为开展更为精准细致的工作提供有力支持。基于净初级生产力构建了内蒙古12个盟市均衡因子和产量因子，采用生态足迹模型对内蒙古1990－2020年每隔5年共7个时期的自然资本进行核算；并结合相应年份人口空间分布公里网格数据集对其生态足迹、生态承载力、生态赤字/盈余进行空间化显示；最后采用区域土地可持续利用指数分析内蒙古土地可持续利用程度。结果表明：内蒙古6种地类中，林地均衡因子最高，呼伦贝尔市各地类的产量因子均高于内蒙古其他区域。内蒙古生态承载力呈现先下降后小幅上升趋势，生态足迹呈现上升趋势，并在1995－2000年由生态盈余转为生态赤字。内蒙古生态赤字面积由9.1%上升至51%，并具有明显的空间异质性。生态赤字主要集中在呼和浩特市、包头市、鄂尔多斯市、通辽市的市区。内蒙古区域土地可持续利用指数由0.67降至0.15，由轻度可持续状态转变为强不可续状态，可持续利用程度较低的区域集中于工业化、城市化等发展较快的地区。该研究可以为实现高质量可持续发展提供依据，为推动生态文明建设提供科学指导。

关键词: 生态足迹, 生态承载力, 内蒙古, 可持续发展, 自然资源

Abstract:

As a major ecological security barrier in Northern China, Inner Mongolia is undoubtedly important. Having an accurate understanding of the utilization potential of the natural capital of Inner Mongolia is the basis of its sustainable development and is also conducive to enhancing green development, including building a modern industrial system with green characteristics and advantages, and promoting coordinated development of ecological protection and economic construction. Ecological footprint is an important method widely used for evaluating the progress in sustainable development. For this study, ecological footprint research was conducted within administrative units to further clarify the spatial heterogeneity of ecological footprints and provide strong support for more accurate and detailed work. Based on the Net Primary Productivity, we constructed the equilibrium and yield factors of 12 cities in Inner Mongolia. Next, by using the ecological footprint method, we assessed the natural capital at five-year intervals for seven periods from 1990 to 2020. Combined with the population density, we described the spatial distribution pattern of ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity, and ecological deficit/surplus. Further, we explored the degree of sustainable land-use in the region using the land use sustainability coefficient. Results showed that among the six land-use types in Inner Mongolia, the forest land equilibrium factor was the highest. The yield factors of each land-use type in Hulunbuir city were higher than those of other cities in Inner Mongolia. The ecological carrying capacity of Inner Mongolia first declined, followed by a slight increase. The ecological footprint showed an increasing trend, transforming from ecological surplus to ecological deficit between 1995 and 2000. The ecological deficit area of Inner Mongolia increased from 9.1% to 51% and showed obvious spatial heterogeneity. The ecological deficits were mainly concentrated in the urban areas of cities of Hohhot, Baotou, Ordos, and Tongliao. The land use sustainability coefficient of Inner Mongolia decreased from 0.67 to 0.15, indicating the transformation from slight sustainability to strong unsustainability. Low sustainable utilization was concentrated in areas with rapid development, such as industrialization and urbanization. Findings of this study can hopefully provide a scientific basis for achieving high-quality sustainable development and ecological civilization construction.

Key words: ecological footprint, Inner Mongolia, sustainable development, natural resource

中图分类号:

姚林杰, 张佳宁, 张恒瑞, 赵艳云, 张庆, 李元恒. 基于生态足迹的内蒙古自然资源可持续利用分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(8): 1525-1536.

YAO Linjie, ZHANG Jianing, ZHANG Hengrui, ZHAO Yanyun, ZHANG Qing, LI Yuanheng. Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources in Inner Mongolia Based on Ecological Footprint[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(8): 1525-1536.

图/表 9

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可持续性大类	可持续性亚类	取值区间
可持续性	极强可续性	0.9<LUSC<1
	强可续性	0.8<LUSC≤0.9
	中度可持续性	0.7<LUSC≤0.8
	轻度可持续性	0.6<LUSC≤0.7
临界状态	可持续→不可持续性临界状态	0.5<LUSC≤0.6
临界状态	不可持续→可持续性临界状态	0.4<LUSC≤0.5
不可持续性	轻度不可续性	0.3<LUSC≤0.4
	中度不可续性	0.2<LUSC≤0.3
	强不可续性	0.1<LUSC≤0.2
	极强不可续性	0<LUSC≤0.1

可持续性大类	可持续性亚类	取值区间
可持续性	极强可续性	0.9<LUSC<1
	强可续性	0.8<LUSC≤0.9
	中度可持续性	0.7<LUSC≤0.8
	轻度可持续性	0.6<LUSC≤0.7
临界状态	可持续→不可持续性临界状态	0.5<LUSC≤0.6
临界状态	不可持续→可持续性临界状态	0.4<LUSC≤0.5
不可持续性	轻度不可续性	0.3<LUSC≤0.4
	中度不可续性	0.2<LUSC≤0.3
	强不可续性	0.1<LUSC≤0.2
	极强不可续性	0<LUSC≤0.1

盟市/土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水体	建设用地	化石能源用地	平均值	变异系数
呼和浩特市	0.996	1.143	0947	0.95	0.996	1.143	1.029	0.080
包头市	1.375	1.393	0.875	1.023	1.375	1.393	1.239	0.169
呼伦贝尔市	0.903	1.166	0.817	0.695	0.903	1.166	0.942	0.184
兴安盟	0.798	1.229	0.965	0.73	0.798	1.229	0.958	0.213
通辽市	1.024	1.153	0.957	0.953	1.024	1.153	1.044	0.079
赤峰市	0.951	1.261	0.953	0.887	0.951	1.261	1.044	0.149
锡林郭勒盟	1.486	1.862	0.97	0.815	1.486	1.862	1.414	0.284
乌兰察布市	1.201	1.619	0.859	1.019	1.201	1.619	1.253	0.227
鄂尔多斯市	1.223	1.212	0.972	0.985	1.223	1.212	1.138	0.099
巴彦淖尔市	1.374	1.159	0.858	0.938	1.374	1.159	1.143	0.172
乌海市	1.236	1.409	0.936	1.124	1.236	1.409	1.225	0.134
阿拉善盟	1.094	1.189	0.97	0.632	1.094	1.189	1.028	0.187

盟市/土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水体	建设用地	化石能源用地	平均值	变异系数
呼和浩特市	0.996	1.143	0947	0.95	0.996	1.143	1.029	0.080
包头市	1.375	1.393	0.875	1.023	1.375	1.393	1.239	0.169
呼伦贝尔市	0.903	1.166	0.817	0.695	0.903	1.166	0.942	0.184
兴安盟	0.798	1.229	0.965	0.73	0.798	1.229	0.958	0.213
通辽市	1.024	1.153	0.957	0.953	1.024	1.153	1.044	0.079
赤峰市	0.951	1.261	0.953	0.887	0.951	1.261	1.044	0.149
锡林郭勒盟	1.486	1.862	0.97	0.815	1.486	1.862	1.414	0.284
乌兰察布市	1.201	1.619	0.859	1.019	1.201	1.619	1.253	0.227
鄂尔多斯市	1.223	1.212	0.972	0.985	1.223	1.212	1.138	0.099
巴彦淖尔市	1.374	1.159	0.858	0.938	1.374	1.159	1.143	0.172
乌海市	1.236	1.409	0.936	1.124	1.236	1.409	1.225	0.134
阿拉善盟	1.094	1.189	0.97	0.632	1.094	1.189	1.028	0.187

盟市/土地利用类型	耕地	林地	草地	水体	建设用地
呼和浩特市	0.865	0.686	0.952	1.079	0.865
包头市	0.668	0.396	0.509	0.692	0.668
呼伦贝尔市	1.423	1.084	1.55	1.534	1.423
兴安盟	1.042	0.948	1.516	1.333	1.042
通辽市	0.999	0.665	1.125	1.302	0.999
赤峰市	0.977	0.766	1.177	1.273	0.977
锡林郭勒盟	1.048	0.776	0.823	0.803	1.048
乌兰察布市	0.854	0.677	0.735	1.011	0.854
鄂尔多斯市	0.604	0.355	0.578	0.678	0.604
巴彦淖尔市	0.636	0.316	0.476	0.605	0.636
乌海市	0.368	0.245	0.336	0.467	0.368
阿拉善盟	0.484	0.311	0.488	0.445	0.484
平均值	0.831	0.602	0.856	0.935	0.831
变异系数	0.338	0.435	0.461	0.379	0.338

基于生态足迹的内蒙古自然资源可持续利用分析

Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources in Inner Mongolia Based on Ecological Footprint

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