珠江口红树林土壤甲烷和二氧化碳通量特征及其影响因素研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.009

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 939-948.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.009

珠江口红树林土壤甲烷和二氧化碳通量特征及其影响因素研究

张涵¹(), 唐常源¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*, 禤映雪²^,³^,⁴, 江涛¹, 黄品怡¹, 杨秋¹, 曹英杰²^,³^,⁴

1.中山大学地理科学与规划学院,广东广州 510275
2.中山大学环境科学与工程学院,广东广州 510275
3.中山大学/广东省环境污染控制与修复技术重点实验室,广东广州 510006
4.南方海洋科学与工程广东省实验室（珠海）,广东珠海 519080

收稿日期:2022-02-10 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: *
作者简介:张涵（1997年生）,女,硕士研究生、研究方向为土壤温室气体排放和碳同位素。E-mail: zhangh589@mail2.sysu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41877470);国家自然科学基金项目(42077154)

The Regular Pattern and Influencing Factors of CO₂ and CH₄ Fluxes from Mangrove Soil

ZHANG Han¹(), TANG Changyuan¹^,²^,³^,⁴^,^*, XUAN Yingxue²^,³^,⁴, JIANG Tao¹, HUANG Pinyi¹, YANG Qiu¹, CAO Yingjie²^,³^,⁴

1. School of Geography and Planning, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
2. School of Enviornmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, P. R. China
3. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology/Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
4. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519080, P. R. China

Received:2022-02-10 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

红树林作为碳密度最高的森林生态系统之一,在碳生物地球化学循环过程中发挥着重要作用。该研究以广州市珠江河口红树林土壤为主要研究对象,于2020年8月—2021年7月运用静态箱法分别对红树林中的外滩（靠近海岸）、中滩（植被聚集）和内滩（靠近内陆）的土壤-大气界面的CO₂和CH₄通量进行观测,探讨红树林生态系统CO₂和CH₄排放通量的时空分布特征及其对环境因子（温度、含水量以及土壤理化性质）的响应。此外,基于稳定碳同位素（δ¹³C）特征和Keeling Plot方法综合评估红树林生态系统CO₂和CH₄通量的来源特征。结果表明,研究期间平均CH₄通量为18.97 μmol∙m^-2∙h^-1,CO₂通量均值为4.19 mmol∙m^-2∙h^-1。CO₂和CH₄的通量均具有显著的时空差异性,CO₂通量最高值出现在3月,CH₄在9月达到最高值。CO₂通量排序为内滩>中滩>外滩,CH₄通量则表现为中滩>外滩>内滩。土壤含水量、pH、EC、ORP和有机碳含量与CO₂通量呈负相关关系,CH₄通量与土壤含水量、pH和有机碳含量呈正相关关系。虽然研究区红树为C3植物,然而土壤呼吸产生的CO₂的同位素特征在内滩为-16.05‰,中滩为-17.73‰,外滩为-29.77‰,内滩和中滩表现为C4植物特征,由此表明藻类成为土壤呼吸来源。内滩的有机质分解程度最高。研究区CH₄的分馏系数在外滩、中滩和内滩均小于1.055,CH₄产生方式以乙酸产甲烷为主。该研究系统探讨了红树林生态系统CO₂和CH₄通量、来源及其影响因素,对进一步了解红树林对碳循环及其气候变化的影响具有重要意义。

关键词: 土壤呼吸, 温室气体通量, 二氧化碳（CO₂）, 甲烷（CH₄）, 稳定碳同位素

Abstract:

Mangrove, one of the most carbon intensive forest ecosystems, plays an important role in the carbon biogeochemical cycle. The study area located in the Pearl River Estuary. Filed campaign was conducted each month from August 2020 to July 2021. The closed chamber method was used to determine the emission fluxes of CO₂ and CH₄ from the mangrove soil in the seaward (close to the ocean), middle (vegetation cover) and landward (close to the land) beaches to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of CO₂ and CH₄ emission fluxes and their influencing factors. In addition, the source apportionment of CO₂ and CH₄ was evaluated based on the stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) and Keeling Plot method. The results showed that the mean CH₄ and CO₂ fluxes during the study period were 18.97 μmol∙m^-2∙h^-1 and 4.19 mmol∙m^-2∙h^-1, respectively. Both CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes showed significant temporal and spatial variations. The maximum value of CO₂ and CH₄ fluxes was observed in March and September, respectively. The CO₂ fluxes were ranked as landward>middle>seaward, and CH₄ fluxes were ranked as middle>seaward>landward. Soil moisture, pH, EC, ORP and OC (soil organic carbon content) had negative effects on CO₂ fluxes, while CH₄ fluxes were positively correlated with soil moisture, pH, and OC. Although mangroves in the study area were C3 plants, the δ¹³C of CO₂ produced by soil respiration was -16.05‰ in the landward, -17.73‰ in the middle, and -29.77‰ in the seaward forest. The landward and middle forests have characteristics of C4 plants, indicating that algae became the source of soil respiration. Fractionation factors of δ¹³C-CH₄ in the seaward, middle and landward forests were less than 1.055, suggesting that acetate fermentation served as a key methanogenic pathway of CH₄ emission. This study systematically discussed the fluxes, sources, and influencing factors of CO₂ and CH₄ in mangroves. It is of great significance to further understand the impact of mangroves on the carbon cycle and climate change.

Key words: soil respiration, greenhouse gases fluxes, carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), stable carbon dioxide

中图分类号:

张涵, 唐常源, 禤映雪, 江涛, 黄品怡, 杨秋, 曹英杰. 珠江口红树林土壤甲烷和二氧化碳通量特征及其影响因素研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 939-948.

ZHANG Han, TANG Changyuan, XUAN Yingxue, JIANG Tao, HUANG Pinyi, YANG Qiu, CAO Yingjie. The Regular Pattern and Influencing Factors of CO₂ and CH₄ Fluxes from Mangrove Soil[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 939-948.

图/表 9

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指标 Index	气象因素 Meteorological factors	土壤理化性质 Soil Physicochemical property					外源输入 Exogenous input
指标 Index	土壤温度 Siol temperature/ ℃	pH	氧化还原电位 ORP/mV	土壤湿度 Soil moisture/ %	溶解氧 DO/ (mg∙L^-1)	容重 Bulk densty/ (g∙cm^-3)	电导率 EC/ (10³ μS∙cm^-1)	ρ_(SO42-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cl-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(DIC)/ (mg∙L^-1)	w_(oc)/ (g∙kg^-1)
外滩Seaward	24.49±5.45^a	7.71±0.27^a	171.69±41.71^a	46.25±8.24^a	6.20^a	1.24^a	10.30±1.88^a	181.62±87.02^ab	3883.46±831.28^a	878.60±281.79^ab	26.75^a
中滩 Middle	25.03±5.13^a	7.27±0.42^b	140.82±61.02^a	30.69±6.83^b	5.79^a	1.38^b	11.11±3.44^a	306.70±239.24^a	3875.25±1943.90^a	579.52±182.35^a	46.97^b
内滩 Landward	24.77±5.58^a	6.91±0.44^b	99.13±130.99^a	18.45±5.23^c	3.47^b	1.26^c	10.81±2.12^a	35.93±17.74^b	3763.30±709.11^a	2346.21±2704.34^b	8.6^c

指标 Index	气象因素 Meteorological factors	土壤理化性质 Soil Physicochemical property					外源输入 Exogenous input
指标 Index	土壤温度 Siol temperature/ ℃	pH	氧化还原电位 ORP/mV	土壤湿度 Soil moisture/ %	溶解氧 DO/ (mg∙L^-1)	容重 Bulk densty/ (g∙cm^-3)	电导率 EC/ (10³ μS∙cm^-1)	ρ_(SO42-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cl-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(DIC)/ (mg∙L^-1)	w_(oc)/ (g∙kg^-1)
外滩Seaward	24.49±5.45^a	7.71±0.27^a	171.69±41.71^a	46.25±8.24^a	6.20^a	1.24^a	10.30±1.88^a	181.62±87.02^ab	3883.46±831.28^a	878.60±281.79^ab	26.75^a
中滩 Middle	25.03±5.13^a	7.27±0.42^b	140.82±61.02^a	30.69±6.83^b	5.79^a	1.38^b	11.11±3.44^a	306.70±239.24^a	3875.25±1943.90^a	579.52±182.35^a	46.97^b
内滩 Landward	24.77±5.58^a	6.91±0.44^b	99.13±130.99^a	18.45±5.23^c	3.47^b	1.26^c	10.81±2.12^a	35.93±17.74^b	3763.30±709.11^a	2346.21±2704.34^b	8.6^c

指标 Index	气象因素 Meteorological factors	土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical property					外源输入 Exogenous input
指标 Index	土壤温度 Soil temperature/ ℃	pH	氧化还原电位 ORP/ mV	土壤湿度 Soil moisture/ %	溶解氧 DO/ (mg∙L^-1)	容重 Bulk densty/ (g∙cm^-3)	电导率 EC/ (10³ μS∙cm^-1)	ρ_(SO42-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cl-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(DIC)/ (mg∙L^-1)	w_(oc)/ (g∙kg^-1)
二氧化碳 CO₂	0.05	-0.46*	-0.61*	-0.44*	-0.46*	-0.23	-0.07*	-0.31	-0.03	0.23	-0.44*
甲烷 CH₄	0.25	0.56**	0.11	0.43*	0.24	0.21	-0.33	0.09	-0.24	0.52**	0.42*

指标 Index	气象因素 Meteorological factors	土壤理化性质 Soil physicochemical property					外源输入 Exogenous input
指标 Index	土壤温度 Soil temperature/ ℃	pH	氧化还原电位 ORP/ mV	土壤湿度 Soil moisture/ %	溶解氧 DO/ (mg∙L^-1)	容重 Bulk densty/ (g∙cm^-3)	电导率 EC/ (10³ μS∙cm^-1)	ρ_(SO42-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(Cl-)/ (mg∙L^-1)	ρ_(DIC)/ (mg∙L^-1)	w_(oc)/ (g∙kg^-1)
二氧化碳 CO₂	0.05	-0.46*	-0.61*	-0.44*	-0.46*	-0.23	-0.07*	-0.31	-0.03	0.23	-0.44*
甲烷 CH₄	0.25	0.56**	0.11	0.43*	0.24	0.21	-0.33	0.09	-0.24	0.52**	0.42*

采样点 Site	通量 Flux/(kg∙hm^-2∙d^-1)
采样点 Site	甲烷CH₄	二氧化碳CO₂	均值 Mean
外滩 Seaward	0.50±0.42	11.62±16.26	12.12
中滩 Middle	3.23±5.05	18.58±33.37	21.81
内滩 Landward	0.15±0.69	150.90±150.90	151.05
均值 Mean	3.88	181.10	184.98

珠江口红树林土壤甲烷和二氧化碳通量特征及其影响因素研究

The Regular Pattern and Influencing Factors of CO₂ and CH₄ Fluxes from Mangrove Soil

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采样点 Site	Keeling plot	拟合优度 r²	截距 δ¹³C_s-CO₂/‰
外滩 Seaward	y=7382.1x-34.68	0.80	-34.68
外滩 Seaward	y=8199.3x-25.09	0.99	-25.09
外滩 Seaward	y=10903x-29.54	0.99	-29.54
中滩 Middle	y=10731x-23.19	0.95	-23.19
中滩 Middle	y=6582x-21.35	0.93	-21.35
中滩 Middle	y=6870.2x-19.92	0.99	-19.92
中滩 Middle	y=5050.8x-14.61	0.98	-14.61
中滩 Middle	y=5245.9x-14.73	0.93	-14.73
中滩 Middle	y=4473.9x-15.66	0.96	-15.66
内滩 Landward	y=4072.4x-17.97	0.98	-17.97
内滩 Landward	y=2529.3x-12.42	0.98	-12.42
内滩 Landward	y=3014.9x-15.23	0.96	-15.23
内滩 Landward	y=5174.7x-18.57	0.99	-18.57

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珠江口红树林土壤甲烷和二氧化碳通量特征及其影响因素研究

The Regular Pattern and Influencing Factors of CO2 and CH4 Fluxes from Mangrove Soil

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The Regular Pattern and Influencing Factors of CO₂ and CH₄ Fluxes from Mangrove Soil