黄土高原典型县域生态系统服务变化特征及驱动因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.016

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1140-1148.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.016

黄土高原典型县域生态系统服务变化特征及驱动因素

王琳¹^,²(), 卫伟¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1.中国科学院生态环境研究中心/城市与区域生态国家重点实验室，北京 100085
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.陕西黄土高原地球关键带国家野外科学观测研究站，陕西西安 710061

收稿日期:2023-01-14 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-09-01
通讯作者: *E-mail: weiwei@rcees.ac.cn
作者简介:王琳（1997年生），女，博士研究生，研究方向为生态水文。E-mail: linwang2019_st@rcees.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U21A2011);国家自然科学基金项目(41971129);陕西水保科技计划项目(2019slkj-);国家重点研发计划课题(2022YFF1300403)

Characteristics and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Services Changes in A Typical County of the Loess Plateau

WANG Lin¹^,²(), WEI Wei¹^,²^,³^,^*()

1. State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology/Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of sciences, Beijing 100085, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
3. National Observation and Research Station of Earth Critical Zone on the Loess Plateau in Shaanxi, Xi’an 710061, P. R. China

Received:2023-01-14 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

陕北黄土高原沟壑区作为全国重点水土流失区和退耕还林还草核心区，探究县域尺度生态系统服务的时空变化特征、驱动因素和权衡关系对于生态系统的可持续管理更有针对性和现实性。基于RUSLE、CASA和InVEST模型，分析了陕北志丹县2000—2018年土壤保持、碳固存和水源供给3种生态系统服务的时空变化，并运用地理探测器和偏相关分析研究了生态系统服务的驱动因子和权衡关系。结果表明：2000—2018年，志丹县土壤保持、碳固存（以C计）和水源供给都呈现增加趋势，分别增加了199 t·hm^-2·a^-1、426 g·m^-2·a^-1和122 mm。地形、气候和植被生长状况等自然因素对生态系统服务空间异质性的影响强于土地利用类型等人为因素，并且多因子的交互作用对生态系统服务的影响大于单一因子。影响土壤保持服务空间异质性最主要的因子是坡度，其次是NDVI，碳固存服务空间异质性受降雨、NDVI和土壤类型等因素的综合影响，水源供给服务空间异质性的主要驱动因素是降雨和土地利用类型。志丹县土壤保持和碳固存、土壤保持和水源供给以及碳固存和水源供给之间的关系整体上分别表现为弱协同、弱协同和协同作用，并在空间上具有异质性。该研究有助于进一步了解不同生态系统服务间的复杂关系及其驱动因子差异，可为黄土高原县域生态系统管理和可持续发展提供参考。

关键词: 黄土高原, 生态系统服务, 地理探测器, 权衡, 土地利用/覆被变化, 县域

Abstract:

Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi is a national key soil and water loss area and the core area of Grain for Green Program. It is more targeted and realistic to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics, driving factors and trade-offs of ecosystem services in county-level administrative units for the sustainable management of ecosystems. RUSLE, CASA and InVEST models were used to analyze the temporal and spatial variation of soil conservation, carbon sequestration and water supply in Zhidan County, northern Shaanxi from 2000 to 2018, respectively. The driving factors of ecosystem services and the trade-offs among ecosystem services were explored using geographic detector model and partial correlation analysis, respectively. Results showed that soil conservation, carbon sequestration (measured in carbon) and water supply increased by 199 t hm^-2 a^-1, 426 g m^-2·a^-1 and 121 mm from 2000 to 2018 in Zhidan County, respectively. The impact of natural factors such as topography, climate and vegetation on ecosystem services was stronger than that of human factors such as land use, and the interaction of multiple factors has a greater impact on ecosystem services than that of single factors. The most important factor affecting the spatial heterogeneity of soil conservation was slope, followed by NDVI. Carbon sequestration was affected by various factors such as precipitation, NDVI and soil types. The main driving factors for water supply services were precipitation and land use. There were weak synergies, weak synergies and synergies between soil conservation and carbon sequestration, soil conservation and water resources supply, and carbon sequestration and water resources supply in Zhidan Conuty, respectively, and the trade-off relationship was spatially heterogeneous. This study is helpful for further understanding the complex relationships among different ecosystem services and the differences of their driving factors, and can provide scientific reference for county-level ecosystem management and sustainable development in the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Loess Plateau, ecosystem services, geodetector, trade-off, land use/cover change, county area

中图分类号:

X196
X144

王琳, 卫伟. 黄土高原典型县域生态系统服务变化特征及驱动因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(6): 1140-1148.

WANG Lin, WEI Wei. Characteristics and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Services Changes in A Typical County of the Loess Plateau[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(6): 1140-1148.

图/表 5

图1 研究区位置及高程示意图

Figure 1 Location and elevation map of the study area

图2 志丹县2000—2018年生态系统服务时空分布

Figure 2 Spatial and temporal distribution of ecosystem services in Zhidan County from 2000 to 2018

图3 2000—2018年各驱动因子对志丹县生态系统服务的影响程度 SC表示土壤保持（t·hm-2·a-1）；CS表示碳固存（以C计，g·m-2·a-1）；WS表示水源供给（mm）

Figure 3 Impacts of driving factors on ecosystem services in Zhidan County from 2000 to 2018

图4 驱动因子交互作用对志丹县生态系统服务的影响 LULC表示土地利用/土地覆盖；NDVI表示归一化植被指数

Figure 4 Effects of factor interaction on ecosystem services in Zhidan County

图5 2000—2018年志丹县生态系统服务之间的空间相关性

Figure 5 Spatial correlation between ecosystem services in Zhidan County from 2000 to 2018

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黄土高原典型县域生态系统服务变化特征及驱动因素

Characteristics and Driving Factors of Ecosystem Services Changes in A Typical County of the Loess Plateau

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