生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 1024-1031.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.018

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于外溢生态系统服务价值的广东省生态补偿机制研究

刘香华1,2,3(), 王秀明1,2,3, 刘谞承1,2,3,*(), 张音波1,2,3, 刘飘1,2,3   

  1. 1.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所,广东 广州 510655
    2.生态环境部华南环境科学研究所(广东省重点智库),广东 广州 510655
    3.国家环境保护城市生态环境模拟与保护重点实验室,广东 广州 510655
  • 收稿日期:2021-11-30 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
  • 通讯作者: * 刘谞承(1982年生),男,博士,主要从事环境生态学研究。E-mail: 35322070@qq.com
  • 作者简介:刘香华(1986年生),女,工程师,硕士研究生,主要从事生态保护政策研究。E-mail: 550779812@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(PM-zx703-202104-061);国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1803900)

Ecological Compensation Mechanism Study of Guangdong Province Based on Spilled Ecosystem Service Value

LIU Xianghua1,2,3(), WANG Xiuming1,2,3, LIU Xuchen1,2,3,*(), ZHANG Yinbo1,2,3, LIU Piao1,2,3   

  1. 1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China
    2. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment (Guangdong Think Tank), Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China
    3. National Key Laboratory of Urban Ecological Environment Simulation and Protection, Guangzhou 510655, P. R. China.
  • Received:2021-11-30 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要:

生态补偿是实现生态保护地区生态产品价值的重要措施。该文以广东省为研究区,开展了21个地市的生态系统服务功能价值核算,综合考虑各地生态系统调节服务价值的外溢情况和经济发展水平构建区域生态补偿方案,确定生态补偿额,促进生态受益地区和生态外溢地区利益共享。结果表明,(1)粤北山区、粤西和珠三角外围区域生态系统服务价值高于珠三角核心区域和粤东等地。(2)各地生态产品价值实现率为8%—47%。珠三角核心地区、粤东和粤西地区生态产品价值实现率普遍高于30%;珠三角外围区域和粤北等地则相对较低,亟需通过生态补偿等途径提高区域生态产品价值实现率。(3)广州、深圳、珠海、佛山、东莞五地生态受益,因经济较发达可率先开展1.54×108—12.78×108元的生态支付,金额约占各地地方财政收入的比例为0.3%—1.1%,对支付主体的财政压力相对较小。(4)粤北山区、肇庆、江门、茂名、阳江和汕尾共10地生态外溢,因经济欠发达,需优先接受0.20×108—9.63×108元的生态补偿金额,约占各地地方财政收入的比例为0.4%—7.7%,能较大改善补偿地区的财政状况,积极地推动该地开展生态保护修复工作。(5)湛江、中山、潮州、揭阳、汕头5地生态受益但因支付能力不足,建议暂缓生态支付;惠州生态外溢但生态和经济协调发展,可暂缓接受生态补偿。研究结果可为广东省区域横向生态补偿机制建设及落实提供参考,促进生态保护地区生态产品价值实现。

关键词: 生态补偿, 生态系统服务价值, 外溢生态调节服务, 生态产品价值, 补偿机制, 广东省

Abstract:

Ecological compensation plays a key role in realizing the value of ecological product in ecological protected area. In the current study, the value of ecosystem services in 21 cities of Guangdong Province was calculated considering both the spillover of regional ecological regulation services and the differences in economic development. In order to promote benefit-sharing between the service providing areas and the benefiting areas, a regionally ecological compensation plan with an estimate of the amount of ecological compensation was also proposed. The analysis results showed that: (1) The value of ecosystem services was generally higher in the mountainous areas including northern Guangdong, the west of Guangdong, and the peripheral area of Pearl River Delta, while the value of the core area of Pearl River Delta and the east of Guangdong were relatively low. (2) The value realization rate of ecological products in different regions was 8%-47%. The realization rate in the core area of Pearl River Delta, the east of Guangdong and the west of Guangdong was generally higher than 30%, while the value realization rate of ecological products in the peripheral areas of the Pearl River Delta and northern Guangdong are relatively low. Therefore, it is urgent to improve the value realization rate of ecosystem services through ecological compensation. (3) Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, and Dongguan are benefiting areas and also economically more developed. These areas should take the lead in paying the ecological compensation. The total estimated amount of the ecological payment was 0.154-1.278 billion RMB, which would account for 0.3%-1.1% in local financial revenue. The financial burden for these cities would be relatively small according to the estimation. (4) Zhaoqing, Jiangmen, Maoming, Yangjiang and Shanwei along with five other cities in north Guangdong should receive ecological compensations. These areas are the largest ecosystem services provider while being relatively poor. Our estimate of the amount of ecological compensation for each cities were 0.020-0.963 billion RMB, which would account for 0.4%-7.7% of their fiscal revenue. This strategy would greatly improve the financial situation of these areas, and play a positive role in promoting ecological protection and restoration efforts. (5) Five cities including Zhanjiang, Zhongshan, Chaozhou, Jieyang and Shantou were also benefiting areas but might not be able to pay ecological compensations. These cities should delay the compensation payment plans. Huizhou was also an ecosystem service provider but more economically developed, therefore no ecological compensation was proposed for the city at this time. This research provide a reference for the practice of horizontal ecological compensation in Guangdong Province, and promote the realization of ecological product value in ecological protected areas.

Key words: ecological compensation, ecosystem service value, spilled ecological regulation services, ecological product value, compensation mechanism, Guangdong Province

中图分类号: