全球历史LUCC数据集新疆地区耕地数据可靠性评估

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.018

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (6): 1215-1224.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.06.018

全球历史LUCC数据集新疆地区耕地数据可靠性评估

李美娇¹^,²(), 何凡能²^,^*(), 赵彩杉²^,³, 杨帆⁴

1.山西财经大学资源环境学院,山西太原 030006
2.中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/中国科学院陆地表层格局与模拟重点实验室,北京 100101
3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
4.河南大学黄河文明与可持续发展研究中心暨黄河文明省部共建协同创新中心,河南开封 475001

收稿日期:2022-03-18 出版日期:2022-06-18 发布日期:2022-07-29
通讯作者: *何凡能（1963年生）,研究员。E-mail: hefn@igsnrr.ac.cn
作者简介:李美娇（1989年生）,女,讲师,博士后,主要从事土地利用/覆被变化及其生态效应研究。E-mail: limj.16b@igsnrr.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFA0603304);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目(XDA19040101)

Credibility Assessment of Cropland Data in Xinjiang Area in Global Historical LUCC Datasets

LI Meijiao¹^,²(), HE Fanneng²^,^*(), ZHAO Caishan²^,³, YANG Fan⁴

1. College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance & Economics, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
4. Key Research Institute of Yellow River Civilization and Sustainable Development & Collaborative Innovation Center on Yellow River Civilization Jointly Built by Henan Province and Ministry of Education, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-18 Online:2022-06-18 Published:2022-07-29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球历史土地利用/覆被变化数据是开展长时段气候与生态效应模拟研究的科学基础,然而,现有全球LUCC数据集在区域尺度上仍存在较大不确定性。结合区域土地垦殖史实评估全球数据集的可靠性,是改进数据集质量的基础和前提。文章以中国学者利用区域历史文献和土地资源调查数据重建的清中后期（1776—1909年）奇台-吉木萨尔地区、清末民国时期（1909—1944年）玛纳斯河流域和建国以来（1960—2000年）新疆地区耕地数据为基准,结合清康乾时期（1716—1778年）区域屯田点数据,采用趋势对比、数量对比和空间格局对比相结合的方法,对全球数据集中新疆地区耕地数据的可靠性进行了评估。结果表明,HYDE 3.2和SAGE数据集中清代以来新疆地区的耕地数据与区域重建结果相比,虽然耕地变化趋势均呈增加态势,但数量上差异较大。其中,HYDE 3.2数据集在奇台-吉木萨尔地区的耕地数据存在明显低估,仅为区域数据的0.04—0.56;而在玛纳斯河流域地区,HYDE 3.2和SAGE中的耕地数据又存在明显高估,分别为区域数据的3.08—8.95和4.80—5.12;与之相比,1960年以来全球数据集中新疆地区的耕地数据与区域数据差异有减小趋势,分别为陈氏数据的0.67—0.75和0.71—1.05。从耕地空间分布格局看,清康乾时期新疆地区屯田点扩散过程及区域垦殖史实均表明该区土地垦殖经历了“从南到北,由东向西”逐步推进的历史过程,且在清前期北疆地区仍以游牧为主,而该时期全球数据集中北疆地区已有较多耕地分布,且分别占到区域耕地总量的42.84%和61.26%。可见,全球数据集中新疆地区耕地数据未能客观反映该区域耕地变化的过程与格局特征,而数据来源和重建方法的差异是造成不同全球与区域性数据集结果差异的主要原因。

关键词: 土地利用/覆被变化, 历史耕地, 全球数据集, 可靠性评估, 新疆地区

Abstract:

Global historical land use and land cover change (LUCC) datasets are of great significance for understanding the long-term global or regional environmental change. However, uncertainties in the cropland data of the global LUCC datasets have been revealed by historical record-based reconstructed regional data. Therefore, assessing the reliability of global historical LUCC datasets combined with regional cropland reconstruction results and the land reclamation history is the basis and prerequisite for improving the quality of LUCC datasets. In this study, based on the regional historical record-based cropland datasets in Xinjiang area, including the cropland datasets from the Qitai-Jimusa region covering 1776-1909 (Yang-dataset), the Manas River Basin region covering 1909-1944 (Zhang-dataset), and the Xinjiang province covering 1960-2000 (Chen-dataset), and the historical data of land reclamation points of migrants for the Kangxi and Qianlong periods (AD1716-1778) of the Qing Dynasty in Xinjiang area, the reliability of cropland data in Xinjiang area included in these global datasets (the HYDE 3.2 and SAGE) were evaluated through comparative analyses from three aspects, including the changing tendency of cropland area, the area of cropland and the differences at spatial pattern. The comparisons show that the quantity of cropland area has a large difference in different reconstruction regions, even though all of the cropland areas in different reconstruction regions from multiple datasets increased. Specifically, the cropland area of the Qitai-Jimusa region for 1776-1909 in HYDE 3.2 dataset was less than that in the Yang-dataset and the relative difference ratios between the two datasets were around 0.04-0.56. However, the cropland area of the Manas River Basin region for 1909-1944 in HYDE 3.2 and SAGE datasets was notably greater than that in the Zhang-dataset and the relative difference ratios between the two global datasets and the Zhang-dataset were around 3.08-8.95 and 4.80-5.12, respectively. In contrast, the cropland area of the Xinjiang area for 1960-2000 in the two global datasets were similar to that in the Chen-dataset. The relative difference ratios between the two global datasets and the Chen-dataset were around 0.67-0.75 and 0.71-1.05, respectively. Spatially, both the expansion process of land reclamation points for migrants and the land reclamation history indicated that the land reclamation in Xinjiang area was under the expansion from south to north and from east to west in the early and middle Qing Dynasty. Moreover, the northern Xinjiang area was still dominated by nomadic pastoralism in early Qing Dynasty. However, according to the two global datasets, most of cropland had been allocated to the northern area of Xinjiang in the early Qing Dynasty, accounting for 42.84% and 61.26% of the total regional cropland, respectively. Therefore, the cropland data in the global datasets cannot reflect the process and spatial pattern characteristics of the cropland change in Xinjiang area objectively because of the differences in data sources and reconstruction methods.

Key words: land use and land cover change, historical cropland, global datasets, accuracy evaluation, Xinjiang area

中图分类号:

X144

李美娇, 何凡能, 赵彩杉, 杨帆. 全球历史LUCC数据集新疆地区耕地数据可靠性评估[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(6): 1215-1224.

LI Meijiao, HE Fanneng, ZHAO Caishan, YANG Fan. Credibility Assessment of Cropland Data in Xinjiang Area in Global Historical LUCC Datasets[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(6): 1215-1224.

图/表 9

图1 研究区示意图底图采用自然资源部标准地图制作,审图号：GS（2019）3333号,底图无修改。下同

Figure1 Schematic diagram of the study area The base map was made by using the standard map of the Ministry of Natural Resources,and the map number was GS (2019) 3333. The base map not modified in figure 1 and the following figures

表1 代表性的全球历史土地利用数据集

Table 1 Representative global historical land use datasets

全球数据集 Global land use datasets	覆盖时段 Temporal coverage	空间分辨率 Spatial resolution	历史资料 Historical data	重建方法 Reconstruction method
HYDE 3.2	10000 BC-AD 2015	5′×5′	人口、零星调查记载、部分地区重建结果	以联合国粮农组织1960年人均耕地面积为基准,结合历史人口数量推算区域历史耕地总量;以人口密度、坡度、温度和距水体远近等指标进行空间分配
SAGE	1700-2007	0.5°×0.5°	人口、零星调查记载	假设历史时期土地利用分布格局与现代相一致,以联合国粮农组织统计的1992年耕地数据校正DISCover遥感观测数据,得到格网的现代垦殖率;以零星耕地及人口记载估算历史垦殖率,按两个时点平均变化率进行时空插值

图2 新疆地区已有历史耕地数据重建区域

Figure 2 Reconstruction areas of existing historical cropland data in Xinjiang region

图3 全球数据集与杨氏数据（a）和张氏数据（b）耕地数量对比

Figure 3 Comparison of cropland area from HYDE 3.2, SAGE, the Yang-dataset, and the Zhang-datasets

表2 全球数据集与本土杨氏数据和张氏数据的相对差异比值（R）

Table 2 The relative difference ratio (R) of cropland area between HYDE 3.2, SAGE, the Yang-dataset, and the Zhang-datasets

全球数据集 Global land use datasets	杨氏数据 Yang-dataset					张氏数据 Zhang-dataset
全球数据集 Global land use datasets	1780年	1810年	1850年	1910年		1910年	1940年
HYDE 3.2 SAGE	0.04 1.38	0.05 0.67	0.07 0.42	0.56 1.08		3.08 5.12	8.95 4.80

图4 全球数据集与陈氏数据耕地数量对比

Figure 4 Comparison of cropland area in the from HYDE 3.2, SAGE, and the Chen-datasets

表3 全球数据集与本土陈氏数据的相对差异比值（R）

Table 3 The relative difference ratio (R) of cropland area from HYDE 3.2, SAGE, and the Chen-datasets

全球数据集 Global land use datasets		陈氏数据 Chen-dataset
全球数据集 Global land use datasets		新疆全域 Xinjiang province	额敏河地区 Emin River area	天山北坡地区 The north slope of Tianshan Mountains	吐鲁番地区 Turpan area	哈密地区 Hami area	塔里木河流域 “四源一干” 地区 Tarim River Basin
HYDE 3.2	1960年	0.75	0.61	1.04	0.51	0.32	1.10
HYDE 3.2	2000年	0.67	0.50	0.60	0.60	0.27	1.06
SAGE	1960年	0.71	1.40	0.96	0.49	0.50	0.94
SAGE	2000年	1.05	1.58	1.35	0.73	0.75	1.47

图5 1960和2000年全球数据集和陈氏数据新疆重点区域土地垦殖空间格局对比

Figure 5 Comparison of the reclamation spatial pattern in reconstruction areas of Xinjiang from HYDE 3.2, SAGE, and the Chen-datasets in 1960 and 2000

图6 1700年和1770年全球数据集新疆地区耕地空间分布格局和清前期（1716—1721年）和中期（1756—1778）新疆屯田点分布格局

Figure 6 The spatial pattern of cropland in Xinjiang region from HYDE 3.2 and SAGE in 1700 (a, b) and 1770 (d, e), and the distribution of land reclamation points during the early (AD1 716-1721) (c) and middle (AD 1756-1778) (f) Qing Dynasty

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全球历史LUCC数据集新疆地区耕地数据可靠性评估

Credibility Assessment of Cropland Data in Xinjiang Area in Global Historical LUCC Datasets

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