生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (6): 1149-1162.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.06.017

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

2011—2020年汾渭平原农田生态系统碳足迹的时空格局演变

张露1,2,*(), 何雨霏1,3,*, 陈坦1,4,**(), 杨婷1, 张冰1, 金军1   

  1. 1.中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院，北京 100081
    2.四川大学建筑与环境学院，四川 成都 610065
    3.北京师范大学环境学院，北京 100875
    4.中央民族大学/北京市食品环境与健康工程技术研究中心，北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2023-03-29 出版日期:2023-06-18 发布日期:2023-09-01
  • 通讯作者: **E-mail: chentan05@tsinghua.org.cn
  • 作者简介:张露（2001年），女（苗族），硕士研究生，主要研究方向为碳足迹核算。E-mail: zhangl3965@163.com
    *共同第一作者：何雨霏与第一作者同等贡献
  • 基金资助:
    中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2022QNYL27);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2021GDZC08)

The Spatial and Temporal Pattern Evolution of Carbon Footprint of Farmland Ecosystem in Fenwei Plain from 2011 to 2020

ZHANG Lu1,2,*(), HE Yufei1,3,*, CHEN Tan1,4,**(), YANG Ting1, ZHANG Bing1, JIN Jun1   

  1. 1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
    2. College of Architecture and Environment, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, P. R. China
    3. School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, P. R. China
    4. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Food Environment and Health/Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, P. R. China
  • Received:2023-03-29 Online:2023-06-18 Published:2023-09-01

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摘要：

农田是重要的温室气体排放源，同时也是陆地生态系统的重要碳汇。充分认识我国重要粮食生产基地——汾渭平原的碳库潜力，深入了解汾渭平原农业活动的碳排放特征，可为汾渭平原产业结构调整和区域可持续发展提供基础信息。通过收集2011—2020年汾渭平原农田生态系统农业投入要素及作物产量数据，解析了汾渭平原农田生态系统的碳源/碳汇及碳足迹时空变化及影响因素，核算了汾渭平原农田生态系统的碳生态盈余/赤字。2011—2020年，汾渭平原碳排放总量从3.78×106 t先升高至4.16×106 t后逐步下降到3.72×106 t，单位播种面积碳排放呈上升趋势，最高达0.880 t·hm-2，两者均呈现西部高于东部、中心高于边缘的分布格局，而化肥使用是碳排放的主要因素（碳排放总量年均贡献率达58.8%），其所贡献的碳排放量与总碳排放量的变化趋势大体一致。汾渭平原碳吸收总量从2.48×107 t先升高到2.69×107 t后下降至2.38×107 t，空间分布较为均衡，而单位播种面积碳吸收随时间呈上升趋势，最高达5.98 t·hm-2，且逐步由东部高于西部演变为西部高于东部，其中粮食作物是碳吸收的主要贡献源，其碳吸收量占农田总吸收量的92.7%。汾渭平原碳足迹从5.94×105 hm2先升高至6.44×105 hm2后下降至5.54×105 hm2，空间分布不规律，而单位面积碳足迹呈上升趋势，大体呈现西部高、东部低的分布格局。汾渭平原农田整体呈碳生态盈余状况，然而近年也出现了盈余下降趋势，其农田生态系统碳库功能有削弱风险。各城市间农业发展不均衡较为明显。重视第一产业的绿色发展对保持农田碳汇规模、实现区域碳达峰具有重要意义。

关键词: 碳足迹, 汾渭平原, 农田生态系统, 碳吸收, 碳排放

Abstract:

Farmland is an important source of greenhouse gas emissions and a significant carbon sink for terrestrial ecosystems. A comprehensive understanding of the carbon pool potential of the Fenwei Plain (an important grain production base in China) and the carbon emission characteristics of agricultural activities in the Fenwei Plain can provide basic information for the industrial structure adjustment and regional sustainable development of the Fenwei Plain. In this work, by collecting the agricultural input factors and crop yield data of the farmland ecosystem of the Fenwei Plain from 2011 to 2020, the temporal and spatial changes and influencing factors of carbon source/sink and carbon footprint of the farmland ecosystem in the Fenwei Plain were analyzed, and the carbon ecological surplus/deficit of the farmland ecosystem in the Fenwei Plain was calculated. From 2011 to 2020, the total carbon emissions from the farmland ecosystem in the Fenwei Plain first increased from 3.78×106 t to 4.16×106 t and then decreased to 3.72×106 t, and the carbon emissions per unit sown area showed an upward trend, reaching the maximum of 0.880 t·hm-2, both showing a distribution pattern of higher in the west than the east and higher at the center than on the edge. The use of chemical fertilizer was the main factor that influenced carbon emissions, with the average annual total carbon emission contribution ratio reaching 58.8%, and its carbon emissions were generally consistent with the changing trend of total carbon emissions. The total carbon sequestration of the farmland ecosystem in the Fenwei Plain first increased from 2.48×107 t to 2.69×107 t and then decreased to 2.38×107 t, and the spatial distribution was relatively balanced, while the carbon sequestration per unit sown area showed an upward trend with time, up to 5.98 t·hm-2, and the distribution pattern gradually evolved to an opposite pattern where the west side became higher than the east. Food crops were the main contributors to carbon sequestration, and their carbon sequestration accounted for 92.7% of the farmland total carbon sequestration. The carbon footprint of the farmland ecosystem in the Fenwei Plain first increased from 5.94×105 hm2 to 6.44×105 hm2 and then decreased to 5.54×105 hm2, and the spatial distribution was irregular, while the carbon footprint per unit area showed an upward trend, generally showing a distribution pattern of high in the west and low in the east. Overall, the farmland ecosystem in the Fenwei Plain has a carbon ecological surplus, but in recent years the surplus has also shown a certain downward trend, and there is a risk of weakening the carbon reservoir function of the farmland ecosystem. The agricultural development in different cities is relatively uneven, and thus attention should be given to the green development of the primary industry for maintaining the scale of farmland carbon sink and achieving regional carbon peaking.

Key words: carbon footprint, Fenwei Plain, farmland ecosystem, carbon sequestration, carbon emission

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