新丰江水库库区水源涵养林土壤饱和导水率特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 1993-2001.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.007

新丰江水库库区水源涵养林土壤饱和导水率特征

刘佩伶¹(), 刘效东¹, 冯英杰¹, 苏宇乔², 甘先华², 张卫强²^,^*()

1.华南农业大学林学与风景园林学院，广东广州 510642
2.广东省森林培育与保护利用重点实验室/广东省林业科学研究院，广东广州 510520

收稿日期:2022-06-23 出版日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-09
通讯作者: ^*张卫强（1976年生），男，博士，主要从事森林水文与生态修复研究。E-mail: 584674651@qq.com
作者简介:刘佩伶（1996年生），女，硕士，主要从事森林生态水文研究。E-mail: liupl@scbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
广东省林业科技创新项目(2021KJCX003);国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目(2022132250);国家林业和草原局林草科技创新平台运行补助项目(2022132249);广州市科技计划项目(202201010640);广东省林业科技创新平台项目(2022-KYXM-09)

Characteristics of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Water Conservation Forests in the Xinfengjiang Reservoir Area

LIU Peiling¹(), LIU Xiaodong¹, FENG Yingjie¹, SU Yuqiao², GAN Xianhua², ZHANG Weiqiang²^,^*()

1. College of Forestry and Landscape Architecture, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
2. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Silviculture, Protection and Utilization/Guangdong Academy of Forestry, Guangzhou 510520, P. R. China

Received:2022-06-23 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

饱和导水率近似于土壤稳定入渗速率，是评估森林生态系统土壤水文功能的重要参数。以新丰江水库库区3种不同水源涵养林即针叶林、针阔叶混交林和常绿阔叶林为研究对象，采用恒定水头法测定水源涵养林不同层次土壤饱和导水率大小，同时测定土壤理化性质，利用相关分析和多元线性回归分析的方法，探讨了土壤饱和导水率的变化特征及其主要影响因素。结果表明，随着森林植被组成的复杂化，土壤饱和导水率呈上升趋势。0—100 cm土层范围内，常绿阔叶林饱和导水率的算术平均值[(0.24±0.06) mm·min^-1]大于针阔混交林[(0.18±0.04) mm·min^-1]和针叶林[(0.18±0.05) mm·min^-1]的相应值。各林型土壤剖面上饱和导水率随着土层深度增加大致呈下降趋势，介于(0.05±0.02)—(0.41±0.13) mm·min^-1之间。常绿阔叶林0—20 cm土壤饱和导水率达 (0.34±0.05) mm·min^-1，是针阔混交林1.3倍[(0.26±0.06) mm·min^-1]和针叶林的1.2倍[(0.29±0.09) mm·min^-1]。Pearson相关性分析结果显示，土壤饱和导水率与容重（P=0.000）、非毛管孔隙度（P=0.009）、土壤有机质（P=0.000）和>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体质量分数（P=0.001）呈极显著相关关系。多元线性回归分析结果表明，土壤容重是影响土壤饱和导水率的主要因素，土壤饱和导水率随着土壤容重的增加而下降。总体上，森林植被结构的复杂化有利于土壤饱和导水率的提升并促进水分入渗。该研究揭示了新丰江水库库区水源涵养林土壤层的水分入渗能力，为森林生态系统水源涵养功能评估以及高质量水源涵养林建设提供参考。

关键词: 水源涵养林, 土壤饱和导水率, 土壤理化性质, 土壤水文功能, 新丰江水库库区

Abstract:

Saturated hydraulic conductivity is quite similar to the steady infiltration rate of the soil by water, and is important to evaluate the soil hydrological function of forest ecosystems. Therefore, the current experiment was performed to evaluate the potential of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of different layers of water conservation forests by taking three kinds of water conservation forests in the Xinfengjiang Reservoir, namely, coniferous forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and evergreen broad-leaved forest. The soil saturated hydraulic conductivity of different layers in the water conservation forests was measured using the constant water head method, and the soil physical and chemical properties were also investigated. The variation characteristics of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and its main influencing factors were analyzed using correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. The results showed that soil saturated hydraulic conductivity showed an upward trend by the forest vegetation composition being more complex. Compared with the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest [(0.18±0.04) mm·min^-1] and the coniferous forest [(0.18±0.05) mm·min^-1], the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the evergreen broad-leaved forest [(0.24±0.06) mm·min^-1] was greater across the 0-100 cm depth. The saturated hydraulic conductivity generally decreased with increasing soil depth in different forests, ranging from (0.05±0.02) mm·min^-1 to (0.41±0.13) mm·min^-1. The saturated hydraulic conductivity for the 0-20 cm depth in the evergreen broad-leaved forest was (0.34±0.05) mm·min^-1, which was 1.3 times greater in comparison with the coniferous and broad-leaved forest [(0.26±0.06) mm·min^-1] and 1.2 times greater than the coniferous forest [(0.29±0.09) mm·min^-1]. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil was significantly correlated with the bulk density (P=0.000), non-capillary porosity (P=0.009), soil organic matter (P=0.000), and the mass fraction of >0.25 mm water stable aggregates (P=0.001). The results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed that soil bulk density was the main factor affecting soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and soil saturated hydraulic conductivity decreased with the increase of soil bulk density. In general, the complexity of forest vegetation structure enabled the improvement of soil saturated hydraulic conductivity and promoted water infiltration. This study reveals the infiltration capacity of the soil layer in the water conservation forests of the Xinfengjiang Reservoir, and provides a support for the evaluation of the water conservation function of the forest ecosystems and the construction of high-quality water conservation forests.

Key words: water conservation forests, saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil, physical and chemical properties of soil, hydrological functions of the soils, Xinfengjiang Reservior Area

中图分类号:

刘佩伶, 刘效东, 冯英杰, 苏宇乔, 甘先华, 张卫强. 新丰江水库库区水源涵养林土壤饱和导水率特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 1993-2001.

LIU Peiling, LIU Xiaodong, FENG Yingjie, SU Yuqiao, GAN Xianhua, ZHANG Weiqiang. Characteristics of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Water Conservation Forests in the Xinfengjiang Reservoir Area[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 1993-2001.

图/表 7

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森林类型 Forest type	林分密度 Stand density/ (plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density/%	坡度Slope/ (^o)	坡向Aspect	优势树种 Dominant tree species	主要林下植被 Main undergrowth vegetation
针叶林 Coniferous forest	4476	80	30	北	杉木 (Cunninghamia lanceolata)	九节 (Psychotria asiatica)、白花苦灯笼 (Tarenna mollissima)、小叶红叶藤 (Rourea microphylla) 等
针阔混交林 Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest	6192	70	30	北	杉木、木荷 (Schima superba)、五列木 (Pentaphylax euryoides)、马尾松 (Pinus massoniana)、浙江润楠、细齿叶柃、罗浮柿、黄樟	山血丹 (Ardisia lindleyana)、毛冬青 (Ilex pubescens)、九节等
常绿阔叶林 Broad-leaved evergreen forest	6520	82	27	西北	红锥 (Castanopsis hystrix)、黄果厚壳桂 (Cryptocarya concinna)、厚壳桂 (Cryptocarya chinensis)、鹿角锥 (Castanopsis lamontii)、橄榄 (Canarium album)、木荷、罗浮柿、华润楠 (Machilus chinensis)	九节、小叶红叶藤、毛冬青等

森林类型 Forest type	林分密度 Stand density/ (plant·hm^-2)	郁闭度 Canopy density/%	坡度Slope/ (^o)	坡向Aspect	优势树种 Dominant tree species	主要林下植被 Main undergrowth vegetation
针叶林 Coniferous forest	4476	80	30	北	杉木 (Cunninghamia lanceolata)	九节 (Psychotria asiatica)、白花苦灯笼 (Tarenna mollissima)、小叶红叶藤 (Rourea microphylla) 等
针阔混交林 Coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest	6192	70	30	北	杉木、木荷 (Schima superba)、五列木 (Pentaphylax euryoides)、马尾松 (Pinus massoniana)、浙江润楠、细齿叶柃、罗浮柿、黄樟	山血丹 (Ardisia lindleyana)、毛冬青 (Ilex pubescens)、九节等
常绿阔叶林 Broad-leaved evergreen forest	6520	82	27	西北	红锥 (Castanopsis hystrix)、黄果厚壳桂 (Cryptocarya concinna)、厚壳桂 (Cryptocarya chinensis)、鹿角锥 (Castanopsis lamontii)、橄榄 (Canarium album)、木荷、罗浮柿、华润楠 (Machilus chinensis)	九节、小叶红叶藤、毛冬青等

土层深度 Soil depth/cm	土壤饱和导水率 Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity/(mm·min^-1)
土层深度 Soil depth/cm	针叶林 Coniferous forest	针阔叶混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	常绿阔叶林 Broad-leaved evergreen forest
0-20	0.29±0.09A	0.26±0.06A	0.34±0.05AB
20-40	0.30±0.06A	0.25±0.20AB	0.41±0.13A
40-60	0.08±0.03B	0.13±0.04AB	0.18±0.04ABC
60-80	0.07±0.03B	0.05±0.02B	0.08±0.02C
80-100	0.14±0.08AB	0.20±0.07AB	0.16±0.04BC
平均值 Average	0.18±0.05	0.18±0.04	0.24±0.06

土层深度 Soil depth/cm	土壤饱和导水率 Soil saturated hydraulic conductivity/(mm·min^-1)
土层深度 Soil depth/cm	针叶林 Coniferous forest	针阔叶混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	常绿阔叶林 Broad-leaved evergreen forest
0-20	0.29±0.09A	0.26±0.06A	0.34±0.05AB
20-40	0.30±0.06A	0.25±0.20AB	0.41±0.13A
40-60	0.08±0.03B	0.13±0.04AB	0.18±0.04ABC
60-80	0.07±0.03B	0.05±0.02B	0.08±0.02C
80-100	0.14±0.08AB	0.20±0.07AB	0.16±0.04BC
平均值 Average	0.18±0.05	0.18±0.04	0.24±0.06

林型 Forest type	土层深度 Soil depth/ cm	土壤有机质 Soil organic matter/ (g·kg^-1)	土壤容重 Soil bulk density/ (g·cm^-3)	>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体质量分数 >0.25 mm mass fraction of water stable aggregates/%
针叶林 Coniferous forest	0-20	23.2±1.8A	1.1±0.1B	53.4±3.3A
	20-40	18.3±3.5A	1.3±0.1AB	23.2±5.2B
	40-60	10.9±1.1B	1.3±0.0AB	17.2±2.4BC
	60-80	9.5±1.5B	1.4±0.1A	9.0±1.6C
	80-100	6.8±1.9B	1.3±0.1AB	11.6±2.2C
	平均值 Average	13.7±3.0	1.3±0.0	22.9±8.0
针阔叶混交林 Coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest	0-20	32.5±2.8A	1.0±0.1B	55.4±3.2A
	20-40	18.4±3.4B	1.3±0.1A	27.4±5.6B
	40-60	10.7±2.9C	1.4±0.1A	18.0±1.6BC
	60-80	8.8±1.9C	1.4±0.0A	7.4±1.3C
	80-100	8.4±1.2C	1.3±0.0A	15.3±3.7BC
	平均值 Average	15.8±4.6	1.3±0.1	24.7±8.3
常绿阔叶林 Broad-leaved evergreen forest	0-20	38.8±2.3A	1.0±0.1B	59.3±5.3A
	20-40	29.3±2.6B	1.1±0.0B	34.8±4.0B
	40-60	18.4±2.6C	1.3±0.0A	19.6±4.3C
	60-80	12.2±1.6D	1.3±0.0A	10.0±0.8C
	80-100	9.8±0.6D	1.3±0.0A	9.7±1.0C
	平均值 Average	21.7±5.4	1.2±0.1	26.7±9.3

新丰江水库库区水源涵养林土壤饱和导水率特征

Characteristics of Soil Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Water Conservation Forests in the Xinfengjiang Reservoir Area

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