两种等级喀斯特石漠化地区生物结皮对土壤养分恢复的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (6): 1202-1212.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.06.011

两种等级喀斯特石漠化地区生物结皮对土壤养分恢复的影响

郑智恒¹^,²(), 熊康宁¹^,²^,^*(), 容丽¹^,³, 池永宽¹^,²

1.贵州师范大学喀斯特研究院,贵州贵阳 550001
2.国家喀斯特石漠化防治工程技术研究中心贵州贵阳 550001
3.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵州贵阳 550001

收稿日期:2021-01-18 出版日期:2021-06-18 发布日期:2021-09-10
通讯作者: * 熊康宁,教授,博士研究生导师,主要研究方向为喀斯特地貌与洞穴、石漠化生态治理。E-mail: xiongkn@163.com
作者简介:郑智恒（1992年生）,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为石漠化生态治理。E-mail: z1h2e3n4g5199261@163.com
基金资助:
国家十三五重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0502607);贵州省科技计划重大专项(黔科合平台人才[2017]5411号);贵州省世界一流学科建设计划项目(黔教科研发[2019]125号)

Effects of Biological Crusts on Soil Properties in Karst Rocky Desertification Areas of Different Levels

ZHENG Zhiheng¹^,²(), XIONG Kangning¹^,²^,^*(), RONG Li¹^,³, CHI Yongkuan¹^,²

1. Guizhou Normal University, Karst Research Institute, Guiyang 550001, China
2. National Engineering Research Center for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550001, China
3. College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China

Received:2021-01-18 Online:2021-06-18 Published:2021-09-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

生物结皮是喀斯特生态系统中重要的地表覆盖植被,在石漠化土地恢复和生态治理工程中扮演着关键角色。通过土壤农化学分析方法研究不同石漠化等级下各类型生物结皮对其下层土壤理化性质的影响,对于探索喀斯特生态脆弱区土壤的形成发育及土壤环境的稳定至关重要。研究结果表明：在结皮层中全氮、速效氮、全磷、速效磷、速效钾、土壤有机碳、土壤田间持水量、土壤孔隙度均表现为苔藓结皮>混生结皮>地衣结皮>藻类结皮（P<0.05）,土壤容重则表现为藻类结皮>地衣结皮≥混生结皮≥苔藓结皮（P>0.05）。生物结皮下0—5 cm和5—10 cm土层理化性质的变化规律与结皮层相似。整体上看,生物结皮在潜在-轻度和中度-强度这两种典型石漠化区域内,对下层土壤理化性质改善有较好的影响,土壤恢复指数体现为苔藓结皮>混生结皮>地衣结皮>藻类结皮,不同类型的生物结皮对下层土壤理化性质的影响随着土层的加深而减小。在撒拉溪研究区中,对比空白组,苔藓结皮、混生结皮和藻类结皮的土壤养分恢复指数分别为25.1%、18.6%、10.4%和6.3%;而在花江研究区中,苔藓结皮、混生结皮和藻类结皮的土壤养分恢复指数分别为25.8%、18.9%、7.6%和5.7%。除pH值外,不同类型的生物结皮各土层间土壤理化性质均呈显著相关。生物结皮能有效改善土壤的理化性质,增加土壤养分含量,提升土地承载力与抗侵蚀能力,加速石漠化地区土壤养分的积累及恢复,平衡土壤环境稳定,为植被的生长发育提供良好的先决条件。因此研究并掌握喀斯特石漠化地区生物结皮对土壤理化性改良机理及其与土壤环境的交互机制进而对研究喀斯特生态系统的生物多样性建设,物质能量循环及石漠化生态治理措施等意义重大。

关键词: 生物结皮, 土壤理化性质, 喀斯特地区, 石漠化, 土壤环境

Abstract:

Biological crust is an important type of surface cover in karst ecosystems and plays a key role in the restoration of rocky desertification and ecological control projects. It is very important to study the influence of different types of biological crust on the physical and chemical properties of subsoil under different levels of rocky desertification to explore the formation and development of soil in karst ecologically fragile areas and the stability of soil environment. Results in the crust layer, total N, available N, total P, available P, available K, soil organic carbon, soil field capacity and soil porosity manifest as moss crusts>mixed biocrust>lichen biocrust>algae biocrust (P<0.05), while soil bulk density manifests as algal crust>lichen crust≥mixed crust≥mossy crust (P>0.05). The physical and chemical properties of 0-5 cm and 5-10 cm soil layers on the subcutaneous surface of biological nodules are similar to those of the crust laye. Biological crusts have an impact on the improvement of physical and chemical properties of the underlying soil in the latent, mild and moderate-intense rocky desertification areas, that is the moss crust and mixed crust are greater than lichen crust and algae crust and the influence of different types of biological crust on the physical and chemical properties of the underlying soil decreases with the deepening of the soil layer. In the studied area of Salaxi, compared with the blank group, the soil nutrient recovery indexes of moss crust, mixed crust and algae crust are 25.1%, 18.6%, 10.4%, and 6.3%, respectively. In the studied area of Huajiang, the soil nutrient restoration indexes of mossy crust, mixed crust and algae crust are 25.8%, 18.9%, 7.6% and 5.7% respectively. Except for the pH value, the soil physical and chemical properties of different types of BSC are significantly correlated. Biological crust can significantly improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, increase soil nutrient content, improve land carrying capacity and erosion resistance, accelerate the accumulation and restoration of soil nutrients in rocky desertification areas, balance the stability of the soil environment, and provide good preconditions for the growth and development of vegetation. Therefore, the interaction mechanism of the karst ecosystem is of great significance to the study of the construction of biodiversity in the karst ecosystem, the path of material energy circulation and the ecological control measures of rocky desertification.

Key words: biological crust, soil physical and chemical properties, karst area, rocky desertification, soil environment

中图分类号:

郑智恒, 熊康宁, 容丽, 池永宽. 两种等级喀斯特石漠化地区生物结皮对土壤养分恢复的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1202-1212.

ZHENG Zhiheng, XIONG Kangning, RONG Li, CHI Yongkuan. Effects of Biological Crusts on Soil Properties in Karst Rocky Desertification Areas of Different Levels[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(6): 1202-1212.

图/表 7

参考文献 43

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研究区 Research area	位置 Location	中心点坐标 Center point coordinates	地貌类型 Land form type	植被群落构成 Vegetation community composition	土壤类型 Soil type	石漠化等级 Rocky desertification grade	样品数及编号 Sample number and serial number	样地结皮盖度 Crust coverage	研究区植被盖度 Research area vegetation coverage
毕节撒拉溪(Ⅰ) Bijie salaxi(Ⅰ)	毕节市撒拉溪镇 Salaxi Town, Bijie City	27°15'40″N, 105°04'50″E	喀斯特高原山地 Karst plateau mountains	木、草、刺、藤、灌丛 Wood, grass, thorn, vine, shrub	黄壤土、紫砂土 Yellow loam, purple sand	潜在-轻度 Potential-mild	SK(1-18)	0%	81%
							TX(1-18)	85%
							HH(1-18)	82%
							DY(1-18)	81%
							ZL(1-18)	89%
关岭- 贞丰花江(Ⅱ) Guan- zhenfenghuajiang	安顺市花江镇 Huajiang Town, Anshun City,	25°40'40″N, 106°38'50″E	喀斯特高原峡谷 Karst plateau canyon	木、草、刺、藤、灌丛 Wood, grass, thorn, vine, shrub	黄壤土、黄色石灰土 Yellow loam, yellow lime soil	中度-强度 Moderate- intensity	SK(19-36)	0%	75%
							TX(19-36)	83%
							HH(19-36)	80%
							DY(19-36)	85%
							ZL(19-36)	87%

研究区 Research area	位置 Location	中心点坐标 Center point coordinates	地貌类型 Land form type	植被群落构成 Vegetation community composition	土壤类型 Soil type	石漠化等级 Rocky desertification grade	样品数及编号 Sample number and serial number	样地结皮盖度 Crust coverage	研究区植被盖度 Research area vegetation coverage
毕节撒拉溪(Ⅰ) Bijie salaxi(Ⅰ)	毕节市撒拉溪镇 Salaxi Town, Bijie City	27°15'40″N, 105°04'50″E	喀斯特高原山地 Karst plateau mountains	木、草、刺、藤、灌丛 Wood, grass, thorn, vine, shrub	黄壤土、紫砂土 Yellow loam, purple sand	潜在-轻度 Potential-mild	SK(1-18)	0%	81%
							TX(1-18)	85%
							HH(1-18)	82%
							DY(1-18)	81%
							ZL(1-18)	89%
关岭- 贞丰花江(Ⅱ) Guan- zhenfenghuajiang	安顺市花江镇 Huajiang Town, Anshun City,	25°40'40″N, 106°38'50″E	喀斯特高原峡谷 Karst plateau canyon	木、草、刺、藤、灌丛 Wood, grass, thorn, vine, shrub	黄壤土、黄色石灰土 Yellow loam, yellow lime soil	中度-强度 Moderate- intensity	SK(19-36)	0%	75%
							TX(19-36)	83%
							HH(19-36)	80%
							DY(19-36)	85%
							ZL(19-36)	87%

Factor	TN	AN	TP	AP	AK	SOC	SBD	FC	SP
pH	0.875	0.903	0.882	0.916	0.951	0.887	-0.907	0.902	0.932
TN		0.985**	0.992**	0.922*	0.977**	0.993**	-0.996**	0.989**	0.983**
AN			0.976**	0.882*	0.983**	0.967**	-0.994**	0.969**	0.965**
TP				0.919*	0.966**	0.993**	-0.992**	0.997**	0.983**
AP					0.944*	0.952*	-0.920 *	0.945*	0.971**
AK						0.973**	-0.987**	0.973**	0.987**
SOC							-0.989**	0.997**	0.993**
SBD								-0.990**	-0.986**
FC									0.993**
SP

Factor	TN	AN	TP	AP	AK	SOC	SBD	FC	SP
pH	0.875	0.903	0.882	0.916	0.951	0.887	-0.907	0.902	0.932
TN		0.985**	0.992**	0.922*	0.977**	0.993**	-0.996**	0.989**	0.983**
AN			0.976**	0.882*	0.983**	0.967**	-0.994**	0.969**	0.965**
TP				0.919*	0.966**	0.993**	-0.992**	0.997**	0.983**
AP					0.944*	0.952*	-0.920 *	0.945*	0.971**
AK						0.973**	-0.987**	0.973**	0.987**
SOC							-0.989**	0.997**	0.993**
SBD								-0.990**	-0.986**
FC									0.993**
SP

Factor	TN	AN	TP	AP	AK	SOC	SBD	FC	SP
pH	0.819	0.921	0.877	0.852	0.907	0.975	-0.901	0.943	0.879
TN		0.976**	0.990**	0.991**	0.992**	0.995**	-0.951*	0.987**	0.978**
AN			0.974**	0.990**	0.980**	0.972**	-0.924*	0.939*	0.959**
TP				0.995**	0.986**	0.991**	-0.982**	0.982**	0.997**
AP					0.995**	0.985**	-0.959*	0.975**	0.986**
AK						0.978**	-0.937*	0.985**	0.974**
SOC							-0.967**	0.976**	0.983**
SBD								-0.952*	-0.992**
FC									0.976**
SP

两种等级喀斯特石漠化地区生物结皮对土壤养分恢复的影响

Effects of Biological Crusts on Soil Properties in Karst Rocky Desertification Areas of Different Levels

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