微塑料模拟老化及其对污染物吸附行为影响研究进展

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.11.018

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (11): 2263-2274.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.11.018

• 综述 • 上一篇

微塑料模拟老化及其对污染物吸附行为影响研究进展

姜晶¹^,²(), 阮呈杰¹, 陈霄宇¹^,², 吴仪¹, 汪永创¹

1.苏州科技大学环境科学与工程学院，江苏苏州 215009
2.苏州科技大学城市生活污水资源化利用国家地方联合工程实验室，江苏苏州 215009

收稿日期:2022-09-09 出版日期:2022-11-18 发布日期:2022-12-22
作者简介:姜晶（1986年生），男，讲师，博士，研究方向为重金属污染修复研究。E-mail: jiangjing@usts.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金青年项目(42007131);江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上项目(20KJB610004);城市生活污水资源化利用国家地方联合工程实验室（苏州科技大学）开放课题(KF202102);江苏省研究生科研与创新实践计划项目(SJCX22_1552)

Research Progress on Simulated Aging of Microplastics and Its Effects on Pollutant Adsorption

JIANG Jing¹^,²(), RUAN Chengjie¹, CHEN Xiaoyu¹^,², WU Yi¹, WANG Yongchuang¹

1. School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China
2. National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for The Utilization of Urban Domestic Sewage, Suzhou, 215009, P. R. China

Received:2022-09-09 Online:2022-11-18 Published:2022-12-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

微塑料在环境中被广泛检出，进入环境中的微塑料普遍发生着缓慢而复杂的老化过程，影响其与环境中其他污染物的相互作用。该文从微塑料的老化方法、理化性质变化、污染物吸附能力及相互作用机制等几个方面进行了归纳总结。微塑料的老化方法主要涉及物理方法、化学方法、生物方法等。物理老化方法有人为作用、光催化老化、侵蚀作用等；化学老化方法主要包括酸、碱、氧化处理等；生物老化方法主要是动植物、微生物、降解酶等对微塑料的作用。不同方法具有各自的特点和适用性。各种老化处理对微塑料表面物理性质都有不同程度的影响。老化后的微塑料表面出现更多褶皱，比表面积增加，孔隙度、结晶度等都发生变化；大多老化方法对微塑料的化学性质无明显影响，但UV（紫外光）老化、自然风化等对微塑料的性质影响较大，表面含氧官能团增加，促进了其对污染物的吸附作用。老化微塑料能与环境中的重金属、有机污染物发生吸附作用，微塑料性质、老化方法、污染物性质和环境因素等都会影响微塑料的吸附行为。老化后微塑料吸附性能普遍增强，主要通过疏水作用、静电作用、络合作用、氢键、范德华力、π-π相互作用吸附其他污染物。针对目前微塑料老化及其与污染物的相互作用研究中存在的不足，提出了复合条件下微塑料老化及其对污染物的吸附、老化微塑料对重金属-有机共存污染物的吸附机制、生物体内微塑料老化及其对污染物的载体作用和生物毒害作用、微塑料老化过程中添加剂的释放及其与污染物的相互作用、老化微塑料与环境中溶解性有机质、矿物相互作用等可能的研究方向。

关键词: 微塑料, 老化, 理化性质, 吸附, 作用机制

Abstract:

Microplastics are widely detected in the environment, and microplastics entering the environment generally undergo slow and complex aging processes, affecting their interaction with other pollutants in the environment. In this paper, the aging methods, physical and chemical properties of aged microplastics, pollutant adsorption capacity and interaction mechanism were summarized. There are many aging methods for microplastics, mainly involving physical, chemical and biological methods, and different methods have their own characteristics and applicability. The microplastic surface would become rougher after aging, which results in the increase of the surface area. Meanwhile, ultraviolet and natural aging could increase the oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface and promote its adsorption to other pollutants by hydrophobic action, electrostatic action, complexation, hydrogen bond, van der Waals’ force, and π-π interaction. In view of the shortcomings of the aging of microplastics and their interaction with pollutants, some suggestions were proposed to provide support for microplastic aging and its environmental impacts research, such as microplastic aging under complex conditions and its influence on pollutants adsorption, adsorption mechanism of aged microplastic on heavy metal-organic composite pollution, aging of microplastics in living organisms and its biological toxicity, the release of plastics additives during the process of microplastics aging and its interaction with pollutants and that of aged microplastics with dissolved organic matter and minerals.

Key words: microplastic, aging, physicochemical properties, adsorption, interaction mechanism

中图分类号:

姜晶, 阮呈杰, 陈霄宇, 吴仪, 汪永创. 微塑料模拟老化及其对污染物吸附行为影响研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(11): 2263-2274.

JIANG Jing, RUAN Chengjie, CHEN Xiaoyu, WU Yi, WANG Yongchuang. Research Progress on Simulated Aging of Microplastics and Its Effects on Pollutant Adsorption[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(11): 2263-2274.

图/表 5

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微塑料种类 Types of microplastics	老化方式 Aging methods	老化前形貌特征 Pre-aging morphological features	老化后形貌特征 Morphological characteristics after aging	参考文献 References
聚乙烯 Polyethylene (PE)	酸处理	表面较光滑，褶皱较少	堆叠的褶皱和沟壑	2020
	碱处理		线状褶皱，有少许微小残屑
	氧化处理		高低不平的片状凸起，有较多细小颗粒残屑
	高温冻融处理		堆叠的褶皱和沟壑
聚苯乙烯 Polystyrene (PS)	酸处理	表面光滑，结构紧凑，褶皱较少	腐蚀较轻，褶皱增多	2019
	碱处理		严重腐蚀，出现大范围残屑，且表面粗糙程度明显增加
	氧化处理 (H₂O₂)		表面粗糙，无明显腐蚀
	UV处理		表面出现空隙，更加粗糙	2020
	滩涂自然风化		表面粗糙且不均匀，空隙更大	2018
	芬顿处理		表面粗糙，部分粒子的表面有不同程度的折叠，甚至破碎	2020
聚丙烯 Polypropylene (PP)	酸处理	表面光滑，褶皱较少	腐蚀较轻，褶皱增多	2019
	碱处理		层状褶皱
	氧化处理 (H₂O₂)		褶皱增多，出现空隙
	海水/淡水中UV处理		线状裂纹	2021
	陆地/河口中UV处理		褶皱增多，发生老化侵蚀，但未解体	2021
聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)	破碎处理	表面光滑，褶皱较少	褶皱增多，更加粗糙，有更多的凸起和断裂	2021b
	放电等离子体处理		表面变得粗糙，塑料分解，产生大量小颗粒	2020
	有机酸下UV老化		褶皱增多，表面粗糙	2020a
	粘土矿物下UV老化		表面出现裂纹和凹坑，更加粗糙	2022
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)	过硫酸盐老化	表面平滑，没有裂纹	表面腐蚀、剥落，破碎出更加细小的颗粒	2021
	酸处理		表面相对平滑	2019
	碱处理		表面粗糙，遭受腐蚀，出现空隙	2019
	UV处理		表面出现褶皱，且随时间的延长，褶皱逐渐加深	2020b

微塑料种类 Types of microplastics	老化方式 Aging methods	老化前形貌特征 Pre-aging morphological features	老化后形貌特征 Morphological characteristics after aging	参考文献 References
聚乙烯 Polyethylene (PE)	酸处理	表面较光滑，褶皱较少	堆叠的褶皱和沟壑	2020
	碱处理		线状褶皱，有少许微小残屑
	氧化处理		高低不平的片状凸起，有较多细小颗粒残屑
	高温冻融处理		堆叠的褶皱和沟壑
聚苯乙烯 Polystyrene (PS)	酸处理	表面光滑，结构紧凑，褶皱较少	腐蚀较轻，褶皱增多	2019
	碱处理		严重腐蚀，出现大范围残屑，且表面粗糙程度明显增加
	氧化处理 (H₂O₂)		表面粗糙，无明显腐蚀
	UV处理		表面出现空隙，更加粗糙	2020
	滩涂自然风化		表面粗糙且不均匀，空隙更大	2018
	芬顿处理		表面粗糙，部分粒子的表面有不同程度的折叠，甚至破碎	2020
聚丙烯 Polypropylene (PP)	酸处理	表面光滑，褶皱较少	腐蚀较轻，褶皱增多	2019
	碱处理		层状褶皱
	氧化处理 (H₂O₂)		褶皱增多，出现空隙
	海水/淡水中UV处理		线状裂纹	2021
	陆地/河口中UV处理		褶皱增多，发生老化侵蚀，但未解体	2021
聚氯乙烯 polyvinyl chloride (PVC)	破碎处理	表面光滑，褶皱较少	褶皱增多，更加粗糙，有更多的凸起和断裂	2021b
	放电等离子体处理		表面变得粗糙，塑料分解，产生大量小颗粒	2020
	有机酸下UV老化		褶皱增多，表面粗糙	2020a
	粘土矿物下UV老化		表面出现裂纹和凹坑，更加粗糙	2022
聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯 Polyethylene terephthalate (PET)	过硫酸盐老化	表面平滑，没有裂纹	表面腐蚀、剥落，破碎出更加细小的颗粒	2021
	酸处理		表面相对平滑	2019
	碱处理		表面粗糙，遭受腐蚀，出现空隙	2019
	UV处理		表面出现褶皱，且随时间的延长，褶皱逐渐加深	2020b

项目 Project	BET Specific surface area/ (m²·g^-1)	PV Pore volume/ (cm³·g^-1)	参考文献 References
PE	0.1300	0.0006	2012
自然老化PENatural aged PE	0.1700	0.0005
PP	0.1100	0.0003
自然老化PPNatural aged PP	0.1500	0.0006
PS	2.0300	0.0200	2018
自然老化PSNatural aged PS	7.9100	0.0100	2018
PVC	0.0418	-	2020
放电等离子体老化15 min后PVC Discharge plasma after 15 min aged PVC	0.0430	-
放电等离子体老化30 min后PVC Discharge plasma after 30 min aged PVC	0.0437	-
放电等离子体老化60 min后PVC Discharge plasma after 60 min aged PVC	0.0443	-
PVC	0.0912	-	2021a
UV老化PVC UV aged PE	0.1698	-	2021a
PET	0.1500	-	2021
自然光老化PET Natural light aged PET	0.1700	-	2021
PE	0.2300	0.0027	2021b
空气介质-UV老化PE Air - UV aged PE	0.3500	0.0044
水体介质-UV老化PE Water - UV aged PE	0.7600	0.0017
土壤介质-UV老化PE Soil - UV aged PE	1.1600	0.0020

项目 Project	BET Specific surface area/ (m²·g^-1)	PV Pore volume/ (cm³·g^-1)	参考文献 References
PE	0.1300	0.0006	2012
自然老化PENatural aged PE	0.1700	0.0005
PP	0.1100	0.0003
自然老化PPNatural aged PP	0.1500	0.0006
PS	2.0300	0.0200	2018
自然老化PSNatural aged PS	7.9100	0.0100	2018
PVC	0.0418	-	2020
放电等离子体老化15 min后PVC Discharge plasma after 15 min aged PVC	0.0430	-
放电等离子体老化30 min后PVC Discharge plasma after 30 min aged PVC	0.0437	-
放电等离子体老化60 min后PVC Discharge plasma after 60 min aged PVC	0.0443	-
PVC	0.0912	-	2021a
UV老化PVC UV aged PE	0.1698	-	2021a
PET	0.1500	-	2021
自然光老化PET Natural light aged PET	0.1700	-	2021
PE	0.2300	0.0027	2021b
空气介质-UV老化PE Air - UV aged PE	0.3500	0.0044
水体介质-UV老化PE Water - UV aged PE	0.7600	0.0017
土壤介质-UV老化PE Soil - UV aged PE	1.1600	0.0020

微塑料种类 Types of microplastics	老化方式 Aging methods	污染物 Contaminant	老化对吸附的影响 Effects of aging on pollutants adsorption	参考文献 References
PS	UV处理	Pb(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Zn(Ⅱ)	老化可以显著增加PS对重金属的吸附，且吸附量随老化时间的延长而增加	2020
PE	UV处理	TC、Cu(Ⅱ)	老化PE微塑料对Cu(Ⅱ)、TC的吸附量皆大于未老化塑料	2021d
PS	UV处理	Cu(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)	老化PS对Cu(Ⅱ)、Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附能力分别比原始PS分别高101.6%和185.0%	Gao et al., 2021
PS、PVC、 PP、PET	UV处理	Cd(Ⅱ)	老化作用增加了微塑料对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附能力，老化PS增幅最大，达到115%	2022
PA、PS、PE	UV处理	Cr(VI)	PA、PS、PE对Cr(VI)的平均饱和吸附量从730.69、146.11、75.61 μg·g^-1分别增加到736.31、318.75、136.78 μg·g^-1	Li et al., 2022
PS、PVC	UV处理	CIP	老化PS和PVC对CIP吸附能力分别比相应的原始微塑料高123.3%和20.4%	Liu et al., 2019
PE、PS	UV处理	TC	老化前后PE对TC的平衡吸附量分别为0.388 mg·g^-1和0.651 mg·g^-1，老化前后PS对TC的平衡吸附量分别为0.730 mg·g^-1和0.804 mg·g^-1	王林等, 2022
PE	自然老化	Pb(Ⅱ)	自然老化的PE由于表面有机薄膜的生成，比原始微塑料具有更强的吸附效率，其最大吸附量为13.60 mg·g^-1，且当薄膜被破坏时，吸附效率显著降低	Fu et al., 2021
HDPE	UV处理/人工风化	PAHs	UV老化轻微增强了微塑料对PAHs的吸附，而人工风化过程显著增强了吸附	Li et al., 2020
PE、PP	介质阻挡放电 (DBD) 等离子体老化处理	Zn(Ⅱ)	老化后的PE和PP对Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附容量分别提高了22.7%和14.8%	卢伟等, 2022

微塑料模拟老化及其对污染物吸附行为影响研究进展

Research Progress on Simulated Aging of Microplastics and Its Effects on Pollutant Adsorption

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