互花米草入侵对盐城滨海湿地nirS型反硝化细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.008

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 704-714.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.008

互花米草入侵对盐城滨海湿地nirS型反硝化细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

刘志君¹^,²(), 崔丽娟¹^,²^,^*(), 李伟¹^,², 李晶¹^,², 雷茵茹¹^,², 朱怡诺¹^,², 王汝苗¹^,², 窦志国¹^,²

1.中国林业科学研究院湿地研究所,北京 100091
2.湿地生态功能与恢复北京市重点实验室,北京 ?100091

收稿日期:2021-12-13 出版日期:2022-04-18 发布日期:2022-06-22
通讯作者: *崔丽娟（1968年生）,女,研究员,博士研究生导师,研究方向为湿地生态过程与机理、湿地保护与恢复技术、湿地生态系统服务评价与湿地管理政策等。E-mail: wetlands108@126.com; lkyclj@126.com
作者简介:刘志君（1996年生）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为滨海湿地生物地球化学循环。E-mail: lzhijun056@163.com
基金资助:
中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2020QB008);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0506200)

Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on the Diversity and Community Structure of nirS-type Denitrifying Bacteria in Yancheng Coastal Wetlands

LIU Zhijun¹^,²(), CUI Lijuan¹^,²^,^*(), LI Wei¹^,², LI Jing¹^,², LEI Yinru¹^,², ZHU Yinuo¹^,², WANG Rumiao¹^,², DOU Zhiguo¹^,²

1. Institute of Wetland Research, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 10091, P. R. China
2. Beijing Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecological Function and Restoration, Beijing 100091, P. R. China

Received:2021-12-13 Online:2022-04-18 Published:2022-06-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探明滨海湿地土壤反硝化细菌群落及多样性,对于理解滨海湿地氮素循环以及反硝化引起的N₂O排放等具有重要意义。采用时空替代法,选择盐城滨海湿地入侵3年、17年、31年的互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）群落,并以本土植物芦苇（Phragmites australis）群落作为对照,通过高通量测序技术分析不同土壤深度nirS型反硝化细菌群落组成及多样性,探讨互花米草入侵过程中滨海湿地土壤理化性质变化对nirS型反硝化细菌群落组成的影响。结果表明,入侵种互花米草导致盐城滨海湿地土壤反硝化细菌多样性较本地物种芦苇降低,且在不同土壤深度中反硝化细菌多样性均表现为随着入侵年限的增加先降低后上升的趋势。互花米草以及芦苇群落在不同土壤深度均存在特有反硝化细菌,其中嗜氢菌属（Hydrogenophilus）、色盐杆菌属（Chromohalobacter）、慢生根瘤菌属（Bradyrhizobium）相对丰度在不同土壤深度中均表现为随着入侵时间增加而增加。盐城滨海湿地土壤反硝化细菌结构变化同时受到多种环境因子的影响,在0—20 cm土壤深度主控因子为盐度、pH和总有机碳;在20—40 cm土壤深度主控因子为盐度、含水率、总有机碳、总碳。该研究可为深化研究滨海湿地互花米草入侵对反硝化功能细菌多样性及群落结构的影响提供重要科学依据。

关键词: nirS基因, 细菌多样性, 互花米草, 滨海湿地

Abstract:

Probing the soil denitrifying bacterial community and its diversity in coastal wetlands is of great significance for understanding the nitrogen cycle and N₂O emissions caused by denitrification. In this study, the spatio-temporal substitution method was adopted, the Spartina alterniflora community that had been invaded for 3 years, 17 years, and 31 years in the coastal wetland of Yancheng were used as the research object, and the native plant Phragmites australis community was used as a control. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to reveal the composition and diversity of nirS-type denitrifying bacterial communities in different soil depths, and to analyze the influence of the physical and chemical properties of coastal wetland soil on the composition of nirS-type denitrifying bacteria community during the invasion of S. alterniflora. The results showed that the invasive species S. alterniflora led to a decrease in the stability of the soil bacterial community structure in coastal wetlands. As the number of years of invasion increased, the diversity of denitrifying bacteria showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, but it was always lower than the soil bacterial diversity of the native species of Phragmites australis communities; S. alterniflora and P. australis communities had unique denitrifying bacteria in different soil depths. Among them, the relative abundances of Hydrogenophilus, Chromohalobacter, and Bradyrhizobium were proportional to the number of years of invasion. The composition changes of soil denitrifying bacteria in Yancheng coastal wetland were also affected by many environmental factors, among which, salinity, pH, and water content were the main controlling factors that regulated the composition of soil denitrifying bacteria, followed by total carbon, total organic carbon, and nitrate nitrogen. This study can provide an important scientific basis for further examination of the impact of Spartina alterniflora invasion on the diversity and community structure of denitrifying bacteria in coastal wetlands.

Key words: nirS gene, microbial diversity, Spartina alterniflora, coastal wetland

中图分类号:

S154.1
X176

刘志君, 崔丽娟, 李伟, 李晶, 雷茵茹, 朱怡诺, 王汝苗, 窦志国. 互花米草入侵对盐城滨海湿地nirS型反硝化细菌多样性及群落结构的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(4): 704-714.

LIU Zhijun, CUI Lijuan, LI Wei, LI Jing, LEI Yinru, ZHU Yinuo, WANG Rumiao, DOU Zhiguo. Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on the Diversity and Community Structure of nirS-type Denitrifying Bacteria in Yancheng Coastal Wetlands[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 704-714.

图/表 9

图1 研究区采样点分布图

Figure 1 Distribution of sampling points in the study area

表1 各样点反硝化细菌丰度与alpha多样性

Table 1 The abundance and alpha diversity of denitrifying microorganisms at each sample point

样地 Site	0—20 cm 土壤深度				20—40 cm 土壤深度
样地 Site	OTU数 OTU number	香农-维纳指数 Shannon	逆辛普森指数 Inverse Simpson	覆盖度 Coverage/%	OTU数 OTU number	香农-维纳指数 Shannon	逆辛普森指数 Inverse Simpson	覆盖度 Coverage/%
PA	1169±161a	6.62±0.66a	0.97±0.01a	97.48±0.50	1167±303b	6.48±0.67a	0.96±0.02a	97.46±0.78
SA3	1229±160a	6.27±0.87ab	0.93±0.05a	97.26±0.31	1152±208a	6.23±0.70a	0.94±0.03a	97.53±0.41
SA17	828±95b	5.53±0.54b	0.93±0.03a	98.10±0.23	832±113b	5.44±0.41b	0.91±0.03b	98.33±0.42
SA31	928±199b	5.91±0.50ab	0.95±0.02a	97.84±0.51	983±196b	5.94±0.40b	0.94±0.02a	97.75±0.67

图2 芦苇与互花米草不同入侵年限种群反硝化细菌多样性（a）为0—20 cm土壤深度;（b）为20—40 cm土壤深度

Figure 2 Diversity of denitrifying microorganisms of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora populations with different invasion years (a) is 0-20 cm soil depth; (b) is 20-40 cm soil depth

表2 入侵时间和土层深度对滨海湿地土壤反硝化细菌Shannon指数影响的双因素方差分析

Table 2 Two-factor variance analysis of the impact of invasion time and soil depth on the Shannon index of soil denitrifying microorganisms in coastal wetlands

项目 Items	df	Mean Sq.	F	P
入侵年限 Years of invasion	2	1.765	4.256	0.024
土壤深度 Soil depth	1	0.000	0.001	0.975
入侵年限×土壤深度 Years of invasion×Soil depth	2	0.030	0.072	0.931

图3 滨海湿地土壤nirS型反硝化细菌群落的NMDS分析 PA群落用实心圆表示,SA3群落用实心正方形表示,SA17群落用实心三角形表示,SA31用实心五角形表示;不同颜色的大小椭圆表示不同植物群落95%的置信区间;（a）为0—20 cm土层,（b）为20—40 cm土层

Figure 3 NMDS analysis of nirS-type denitrifying microbial community in coastal wetland soil The PA community is represented by a solid circle, the SA3 community is represented by a solid square, the SA17 community is represented by a solid triangle, and SA31 is represented by a solid pentagon; the size of the ellipse in different colors represents the 95% confidence interval of different plant communities; (a) is 0-20 cm Soil layer, (b) is 20-40 cm soil layer

图4 各样点土壤反硝化细菌（属水平）

Figure 4 Soil denitrifying microorganisms at each sample point (Genus level)

表3 不同采样点土壤理化性质特征

Table 3 Characteristics of soil physical and chemical properties at different sampling points

土壤深度 Soil depth/cm	样点 Site	含水率 SWC/%	pH	盐度 Salinity/(mS∙cm^-1)	w_(总碳TC)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_(总氮TN)/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(总有机碳TOC)}/ (g∙kg^-1)	w_{(铵态氮NH4+-N)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_{(硝态氮NO3--N)}/ (mg∙kg^-1)	w_(C)/ w_(N)
0-20	PA	73.66±2.87a	8.92±0.24a	10.30±0.98c	19.01±1.11b	0.44±0.08b	5.92±1.90b	1.93±0.07a	9.15±0.10b	81.15±5.41a
	SA3	57.61±5.20c	8.35±0.08b	21.09±2.86a	18.80±1.29b	0.57±0.03b	12.45±1.00a	1.31±0.04ab	12.28±1.76a	51.46±9.93ab
	SA17	66.67±2.47b	8.44±0.12b	15.02±3.28b	21.46±3.32b	0.58±0.04b	10.24±2.81a	1.03±0.12b	11.70±2.65ab	51.23±8.96ab
	SA31	67.32±3.91b	8.52±0.12b	16.15±2.32b	25.26±2.83a	1.41±0.09a	9.94±2.83a	1.37±0.34ab	10.09±1.55ab	18.22±2.91b
20-40	PA	74.40±2.05a	8.92±0.11a	9.07±1.23c	18.69±0.19c	0.44±0.08b	3.58±0.36b	1.77±0.22a	8.50±0.39c	59.67±6.47a
	SA3	57.20±4.43d	8.42±0.16b	24.14±1.45a	18.91±1.00c	0.55±0.06b	14.41±5.86a	1.28±0.14a	11.14±1.56a	68.48±7.54a
	SA17	66.31±1.70c	8.42±0.10b	15.30±2.45b	22.46±2.30b	0.68±0.09b	7.82±3.09b	0.99±0.03a	9.95±0.38ab	57.11±9.64a
	SA31	69.90±1.38b	8.49±0.10b	17.10±5.02b	24.97±1.35a	1.33±0.17a	5.27±0.61b	2.01±0.85a	9.26±0.80bc	19.08±2.34b

图5 滨海湿地土壤反硝化细菌群落与环境因子的关系（a）、（b）分别表示0—20 cm土壤和20—40 cm土壤;矩形的颜色表示负（蓝色）或正（红色）相关,颜色越深相关性越强;图右侧为相关系数标度;*表示P<0.05,**表示P<0.01。

Figure 5 Relationship between soil denitrifying microbial community and environmental factors in coastal wetlands (a) and (b) respectively represent 0-20 cm soil and 20-40 cm soil; the color of the rectangle indicates negative (blue) or positive (red) correlation, the darker the color, the stronger the correlation; the right side of the figure is Correlation coefficient scale; * means P<0.05, ** means P<0.01

图6 滨海湿地反硝化细菌群落与环境因子的RDA分析（a）、（b）分别代表0—20 cm土层和20—40 cm土层;不同颜色的实心圆分别代表不同的采样点

Figure 6 RDA analysis of denitrifying microbial communities and environmental factors in coastal wetlands (a) and (b) represent 0-20 cm soil layer and 20-40 cm soil layer respectively; solid circles with different colors represent different sampling points

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互花米草入侵对盐城滨海湿地nirS型反硝化细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

Effects of Spartina alterniflora Invasion on the Diversity and Community Structure of nirS-type Denitrifying Bacteria in Yancheng Coastal Wetlands

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