粤港澳大湾区植被覆盖特征与变化趋势的自然驱动力研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1713-1724.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

粤港澳大湾区植被覆盖特征与变化趋势的自然驱动力研究

冯娴慧¹^,²^,^*(), 曾芝琳³

1.华南理工大学建筑学院,广东广州 510641
2.亚热带建筑科学国家重点实验室,广东广州 510641
3.长江大学医学部,湖北荆州 434023

收稿日期:2022-04-11 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: *
作者简介:冯娴慧（1977年生）,女,副教授,博士,研究方向为城市与区域生态、绿地生境机理、城市微气候等。E-mail: xhfeng@scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51978276);国家自然科学基金项目(51878288)

Natural Driving Forces of Vegetation Cover Characteristics and Change Trends in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

FENG Xianhui¹^,²^,^*(), ZENG Zhilin³

1. The school of Architecture, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
2. State key laboratory of subtropical architecture science, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
3. Yangtze University Health Science Center, Jingzhou 434023, P. R. China

Received:2022-04-11 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

粤港澳大湾区的植被覆盖特征与变化趋势受到多种自然因子的影响。基于2001-2020年的MODIS NDVI遥感数据,采用增强植被指数（EVI）,结合Sen趋势分析和Mann-Kendall检验、Pearson相关系数法、分级分析法、地理探测器驱动力分析模型等方法,分析20年长时间序列大湾区植被覆盖特征与变化趋势,并进一步结合气象数据、高程、坡度、坡向、土壤等数据,研究气候与非气候自然因子对植被覆盖特征与变化趋势的影响和驱动力。结果表明,（1）大湾区植被覆盖整体呈极显著改善趋势。在不同土地利用类型上,植被变化趋势均表现为极显著改善。但城乡建设用地、水域、耕地的植被变化趋势表现改善、退化等7种不同程度的变化趋势共存,城乡建设用地的极显著退化趋势最高,占比面积约18.59%。（2）相对湿度、风速、气温因子对植被覆盖变化具有影响力;在空间分布上,气温影响区域与城市建设密集区域紧密相关。（3）在非气候因子中,高程、土壤类型、坡度与植被分布特征紧密相关。在植被的变化趋势上,改善程度最高的区域集中在82-394 m高程之间,退化区域集中在≤82 m的高程区域。植被覆盖发生显著退化占比面积比较大的有水稻土、沙洲和滨海盐土。（4）通过驱动力模型分析,气候因子中,气温、相对湿度、风速是影响植被覆盖特征的主要因子;非气候因子中,高程、土壤类型是影响植被覆盖特征的主要因子。在双因子交互验证中,气温、相对湿度与其他各因子的双因子驱动解释力均在50%左右,表明高温、高湿的气候对大湾区的植被生长具有正向驱动作用。高程、土壤因子与其他自然因子的交互作用均表现为驱动力协同增强。

关键词: EVI, 变化趋势, 自然因子, 气候, 粤港澳大湾区

Abstract:

In the past 20 years, the characteristics and dynamic changes of vegetation cover in The Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have been affected by a variety of natural factors. Based on the MODIS NDVI remote sensing data from 2001 to 2020, enhanced vegetation index (EVI) was adopted in this study, combined with Sen trend analysis, Mann-Kendall test, Pearson correlation coefficient method, hierarchical analysis method, and geographical detector driving force analysis model. The vegetation cover characteristics and the changing trend of the Greater Bay Area over a 20-year time series were analyzed, and the influences and driving forces of climatic and non-climatic natural factors on vegetation cover characteristics and the changing trend were further studied by combining meteorological data, elevation, slope, aspect and soil data. The results showed that (1) the overall vegetation coverage of the greater bay area showed an improvement trend. Among different land use types, the vegetation changing trend showed extremely significant improvement. Among them, the trend of vegetation change in urban and rural construction land, water area and cultivated land showed the coexistence of improvement and degradation, and the most significant degradation trend of urban and rural construction land was about 18.59%. (2) The climate change in the Greater Bay Area was mainly due to the slow rise of temperature and relative humidity. Climate factors such as relative humidity, wind speed and temperature had influenced vegetation cover change. In terms of spatial distribution, the influence area of air temperature was closely related to the intensive urban construction area. (3) Among the non-climatic factors, elevation, soil type and slope were closely related to vegetation distribution characteristics. In terms of the changing trend of vegetation, the area with the highest improvement degree was concentrated in the height between 82 and 394 m, while the elevation of degraded area was concentrated in the height ≤82 m. Significant vegetation coverage degradation occurred in paddy soil, sandbank and coastal saline soil. (4) According to the analysis of the driving force model, average annual temperature, average annual relative humidity and wind speed were the main factors affecting vegetation spatial characteristics. Among the non-climatic factors, elevation and soil type were the main factors affecting the spatial characteristics of vegetation. In the two-factor interaction verification, the two-factor driving power of temperature, relative humidity and each factor was about 50%, indicating that the high temperature and high humidity climate had positive effects on vegetation growth in the Greater Bay Area. The interaction of elevation, soil factors and other natural factors showed synergistic enhancement of the driving force.

Key words: EVI, change trends, natural factors, climate, GBA

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

冯娴慧, 曾芝琳. 粤港澳大湾区植被覆盖特征与变化趋势的自然驱动力研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1713-1724.

FENG Xianhui, ZENG Zhilin. Natural Driving Forces of Vegetation Cover Characteristics and Change Trends in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1713-1724.

图/表 14

参考文献 33

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β_EVI	Z值 Z value	趋势变化 EVI trends	面积占比 Area proportion/%
S>0.0005	>2.58	极显著改善	66.98
S>0.0005	1.96<\|Z\|≤2.58	显著改善	6.83
S>0.0005	\|Z\|≤1.96	不显著改善	9.91
-0.0005≤S≤0.0005	-	稳定不变	4.14
S<-0.0005	\|Z\|≤1.96	不显著退化	4.73
S<-0.0005	1.96<\|Z\|≤2.58	显著退化	1.73
S<-0.0005	\|Z\|>2.58	极显著退化	5.70

β_EVI	Z值 Z value	趋势变化 EVI trends	面积占比 Area proportion/%
S>0.0005	>2.58	极显著改善	66.98
S>0.0005	1.96<\|Z\|≤2.58	显著改善	6.83
S>0.0005	\|Z\|≤1.96	不显著改善	9.91
-0.0005≤S≤0.0005	-	稳定不变	4.14
S<-0.0005	\|Z\|≤1.96	不显著退化	4.73
S<-0.0005	1.96<\|Z\|≤2.58	显著退化	1.73
S<-0.0005	\|Z\|>2.58	极显著退化	5.70

EVI等级 EVI value	总面积占比 Proportion/%	土地利用类型 Land use type						植被类型 Vegetation type
EVI等级 EVI value	总面积占比 Proportion/%	耕地 Croplands	林地 Forest	草地 Grass	水域 Water	城乡建设用地 Urban area	未利用土地 Unused land	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	针叶林 Coniferous forest	灌丛 Brush	草丛 Grass cluster	栽培植被 Cultivation of vegetation	高山植被 Alpine vegetation	其他 Others
EVI<0.2 (Ⅰ)	3.92	2.01	0.26	0.93	21.12	10.03	28.57	0.04	0.45	0.66	0.43	5.05	62.96	15.52
0.2≤EVI<0.4 (Ⅱ)	17.97	20.81	2.60	5.66	46.44	58.80	57.14	0.36	3.26	6.13	4.54	36.80	25.93	25.86
0.4≤EVI<0.6 (Ⅲ)	37.43	56.85	32.77	49.87	28.05	27.63	14.29	15.85	28.32	37.71	26.36	45.26	11.11	41.38
0.6≤EVI<0.8 (Ⅳ)	40.66	20.33	64.34	43.53	4.38	3.53	0.00	83.74	67.97	55.46	68.67	12.90	0.00	17.24
EVI≥0.8 (Ⅴ)	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

EVI等级 EVI value	总面积占比 Proportion/%	土地利用类型 Land use type						植被类型 Vegetation type
EVI等级 EVI value	总面积占比 Proportion/%	耕地 Croplands	林地 Forest	草地 Grass	水域 Water	城乡建设用地 Urban area	未利用土地 Unused land	阔叶林 Broad-leaved forest	针叶林 Coniferous forest	灌丛 Brush	草丛 Grass cluster	栽培植被 Cultivation of vegetation	高山植被 Alpine vegetation	其他 Others
EVI<0.2 (Ⅰ)	3.92	2.01	0.26	0.93	21.12	10.03	28.57	0.04	0.45	0.66	0.43	5.05	62.96	15.52
0.2≤EVI<0.4 (Ⅱ)	17.97	20.81	2.60	5.66	46.44	58.80	57.14	0.36	3.26	6.13	4.54	36.80	25.93	25.86
0.4≤EVI<0.6 (Ⅲ)	37.43	56.85	32.77	49.87	28.05	27.63	14.29	15.85	28.32	37.71	26.36	45.26	11.11	41.38
0.6≤EVI<0.8 (Ⅳ)	40.66	20.33	64.34	43.53	4.38	3.53	0.00	83.74	67.97	55.46	68.67	12.90	0.00	17.24
EVI≥0.8 (Ⅴ)	0.02	0.00	0.03	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

相关性 Correlation	气温影响区域 Temperature drive area/%	降水影响区域 Precipitation drive area/%	风速影响区域 Wind speed drive area/%	相对湿度影响区域 Relative humidity drive area/%	日照时数影响区域 Sunshine duration drive area/%
显著正相关 Significant positive correlation (r>0, P<0.05)	7.15	2.51	32.99	37.74	0.44
不显著正相关 No-significant positive correlation (r>0, P≥0.05)	42.01	74.14	32.75	42.49	28.25
不显著负相关 No-significant negative correlation (r<0, P≥0.05)	36.43	22.63	25.06	14.00	68.22
显著负相关 Significant negative correlation (r<0, P<0.05)	14.40	0.71	9.20	5.77	3.09

粤港澳大湾区植被覆盖特征与变化趋势的自然驱动力研究

Natural Driving Forces of Vegetation Cover Characteristics and Change Trends in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area

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EVI值 EVI value	高程梯度 Elevation gradients/m					坡度 Slope/(°)
EVI值 EVI value	<82	82-217	217-394	394-653	>653	≤2	2-6	6-15	15-25	>25
EVI<0.2 (Ⅰ)	6.69	0.11	0.00	0.00	0.00	13.10	4.30	1.76	0.42	0.35
0.2≤EVI<0.4 (Ⅱ)	30.37	1.38	0.12	0.08	0.12	41.28	30.03	10.42	2.09	1.20
0.4≤EVI<0.6 (Ⅲ)	47.79	3.02	14.76	10.49	11.53	37.79	47.51	40.84	28.02	21.82
0.6≤EVI<0.8 (Ⅳ)	15.14	65.44	85.12	89.43	88.35	7.82	18.17	46.97	69.44	76.59
EVI≥0.8 (Ⅴ)	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.03	0.04

Z值 Z value	趋势变化 EVI trends	高程梯度 Elevation gradients/m					坡度 Slope/(°)
Z值 Z value	趋势变化 EVI trends	<82	82-217	217-394	394-653	>653	≤2	2-6	6-15	15-25	>25
>2.58	极显著改善	57.02	82.29	82.61	77.86	63.40	45.75	56.69	74.29	81.22	79.97
1.96<\|Z\|≤2.58	显著改善	6.74	6.14	6.91	8.38	11.18	7.10	6.90	6.52	6.65	7.34
\|Z\|≤1.96	不显著改善	11.25	7.02	7.53	9.74	16.54	13.31	11.34	8.56	7.75	8.53
-	稳定不变	5.82	1.78	1.46	1.89	3.72	8.11	5.52	2.99	1.79	1.81
\|Z\|≤1.96	不显著退化	7.01	1.58	1.12	1.62	3.84	9.09	7.16	3.26	1.59	1.62
1.96<\|Z\|≤2.58	显著退化	2.74	0.40	0.17	0.24	0.64	3.63	2.76	1.14	0.34	0.34
\|Z\|>2.58	极显著退化	9.42	0.79	0.20	0.26	0.69	12.99	9.63	3.25	0.68	0.40

土壤类型 Soil type	EVI值 EVI value					EVI变化趋势 EVI change trends
土壤类型 Soil type	EVI<0.2 (Ⅰ)	0.2≤EVI<0.4 (Ⅱ)	0.4≤EVI<0.6 (Ⅲ)	0.6≤EVI<0.8 (Ⅳ)	EVI≥0.8 (Ⅴ)	极显著改善	显著改善	不显著改善	稳定不变	不显著退化	显著退化	极显著退化
水稻土 Paddy soil	4.47	33.34	46.28	15.91	0.00	52.07	6.85	11.77	6.01	8.00	3.19	12.11
赤红壤 Latosolic red soil	0.82	7.69	39.88	51.58	0.03	77.62	6.28	8.02	2.41	2.66	0.85	2.17
红壤 Red soil	0.00	0.15	11.60	88.25	0.00	76.58	8.56	10.01	2.12	1.90	0.30	0.53
风沙土 Aeolian sandy soil	0.00	23.01	56.64	20.35	0.00	74.34	5.31	5.31	5.31	4.42	1.77	3.54
石灰(岩)土 Limestone soil	0.00	0.00	36.73	63.27	0.00	85.09	4.82	6.80	1.75	0.77	0.33	0.44
紫色土 Purple soil	0.00	0.19	65.55	34.27	0.00	64.24	8.44	11.87	4.58	4.31	1.57	4.98
石质土 Rocky soil	0.30	20.08	48.93	30.69	0.00	72.88	7.39	8.68	3.47	3.82	1.14	2.63
粗骨土 Skeletal soil	0.19	2.87	45.35	51.58	0.00	78.57	7.16	8.52	2.14	2.44	0.49	0.68
山地草甸土 Mountain meadow soil	0.00	0.00	0.83	99.17	0.00	46.40	16.76	25.62	4.43	5.26	1.11	0.42
潮土 Moisture soil	13.66	64.18	20.67	1.49	0.00	52.12	7.33	12.72	7.10	7.48	3.37	9.88
滨海盐土 Seashore saline soil	42.06	37.67	19.83	0.43	0.00	41.13	5.78	13.36	9.10	11.43	4.92	14.29
酸性硫酸盐土 Acid sulphate soil	63.55	10.53	16.96	8.97	0.00	29.63	6.24	13.84	21.05	12.67	6.82	9.75
黄壤 Yellow soil	0.00	0.15	6.49	93.37	0.00	60.21	12.08	17.40	4.47	3.98	0.95	0.91
城区 Urban area soli	41.43	51.19	5.66	1.71	0.00	80.48	6.86	6.71	3.43	2.16	0.15	0.22
湖泊、水库 Lake and reservoir soil	6.36	31.02	45.92	16.70	0.00	68.85	6.77	11.03	3.78	4.62	1.46	3.50
江、河 River soil	30.31	47.25	20.04	2.41	0.00	44.62	7.26	14.34	9.26	9.51	3.68	11.32
沙洲、岛屿 Cay and island soil	33.33	49.48	17.19	0.00	0.00	44.79	3.65	15.10	6.77	12.50	2.60	14.58
滨海盐场、养殖场 Coastal saltworks and farm soil	0.00	65.00	35.00	0.00	0.00	25.00	1.67	11.67	13.33	11.67	10.00	26.67

编号 Code	影响因子 Impact factor	影响因子类型 Type of impact factor
X₁	年均气温	气候类自然因子 Climate factor
X₂	年均降水量
X₃	年均风速
X₄	年均相对湿度
X₅	年均日照时数
X₆	高程	非气候类自然因子 Non-climate factor
X₇	坡度
X₈	坡向
X₉	土壤类型

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