兰州北山不同海拔3种典型绿化树种光合特性研究

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (10): 1943-1951.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.10.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

兰州北山不同海拔3种典型绿化树种光合特性研究

刘旻霞^*(), 于瑞新, 穆若兰, 夏素娟

西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2020-10-20 出版日期:2021-10-18 发布日期:2021-12-21
通讯作者: * E-mail: xiaminl@163.com
作者简介:刘旻霞（1972年生）,女,教授,博士,主要从事生态恢复方向的研究。E-mail: xiaminl@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31760135);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(20JR10RA089)

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Typical Tree Species at Different Altitudes in Beishan, Lanzhou

LIU Minxia^*(), YU Ruixin, MU Ruolan, XIA Sujuan

Northwest Normal University, College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou 730070, China

Received:2020-10-20 Online:2021-10-18 Published:2021-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

光是植物光合作用的基本因子,准确分析光合-光响应曲线及光合参数是研究植物光合生理过程对环境变化响应的重要途径。利用Li-6400XT便携式光合测定仪测定了兰州北山3种典型绿化树种侧柏（Platycladus orientalis）、山桃（Prunus davidiana）和甘蒙柽柳（Tamarix austromongolica）在不同海拔梯度下的光响应曲线,并计算3个树种的光能利用效率（LUE）及水分利用效率（WUE）。通过光合生理参数探讨3个树种对不同海拔（1600、1800、2000 m）的光合生理适应机制,分析影响3个树种光合速率（P_n）的主要生理生态因子。结果表明,（1）3种绿化树种在海拔2000 m处具有较高的净光合速率（P_nmax）和表观量子效率（AQE）,而在海拔1600 m处具有最大的光补偿点（LCP）和暗呼吸速率（R_d）。（2）侧柏、山桃和甘蒙柽柳叶片蒸腾速率（T_r）、气孔导度（G_s）和胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）都呈现出随海拔的增加而上升的趋势,不同树种的气孔限制值（L_s）有显著差异。（3）3树种LUE均表现为随海拔的升高而增加;侧柏和甘蒙柽柳的WUE随海拔的升高而降低,而山桃表现为在海拔1800 m处WUE最大。（4）侧柏净光合速率（P_n）与光合有效辐射（PAR）、LUE、WUE呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;山桃P_n与G_s、T_r、LUE呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与WUE呈显著正相关（P<0.05）;甘蒙柽柳P_n与LUE、T_s呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）,与WUE呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）。综合分析发现,侧柏耐荫性较强但对光强的适应范围不广,适合栽培在低海拔地区;山桃可以很好利用光能,但其抗旱性能较差;甘蒙柽柳在较大的PAR范围内可以保持良好的WUE,并且其对光能的适应范围较广,可以大面积栽培。

关键词: 兰州北山, 海拔, 绿化树种, 光响应曲线, 光合生理指标

Abstract:

Light is the basic factor of plant photosynthesis. Accurate analysis of the photosynthesis-light response curve and its parameters is an important way to study the response of plant photosynthetic physiological processes to environmental changes. In this study, the light response curve of Platycladus orientalis, Prunus davidiana and Tamarix austromongolica at different altitudes were measured by li-6400xt portable photosynthetic apparatus, and the light energy use efficiency (LUE) and water use efficiency (WUE) of the three tree species were calculated. The photosynthetic physiological adaptation mechanism of three tree species to different altitudes (1600 m, 1800 m, 2000 m) was discussed by photosynthetic physiological parameters, and the main physiological and ecological factors affecting photosynthetic rate (P_n) of three tree species were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) the three tree species had higher net photosynthetic rate (P_nmax) and apparent quantum efficiency (AQE) at the altitude of 2000 m, and the highest light compensation point (LCP) and dark respiration rate (R_d) at the altitude of 1600 m. (2) The transpiration rate (T_r), stomatal conductance (G_s) and intercellular CO₂ concentration (C_i) of Platycladus orientalis, Prunus davidiana and Tamarix austromongolica showed an increasing trend with the increase of altitude, and stomatal limit values (L_s) of different tree species were significantly different. (3) The LUE of three tree species increased with the elevation. WUE of Platycladus orientalis and Tamarix austromongolica decreased with the increase of altitude, while that of Prunus davidiana was the highest at 1800m altitude. (4) The net photosynthetic rate (P_n) of Platycladus orientalis was positively correlated with PAR, LUE and WUE (P<0.05). P_n was significantly positively correlated with G_s, T_r and LUE (P<0.01), and positively correlated with WUE (P<0.05). P_n of P. davidiana was significantly positively correlated with G_s, T_r and LUE (P<0.01), and was positively correlated with WUE (P<0.05). P_n of T. austromongolica was significantly positively correlated with LUE and T_s (P<0.01), and was positively correlated with WUE (P<0.05). In general, P. orientalis has strong shade tolerance, but does not adapt to light intensity widely, so it is suitable for cultivation in low altitude areas. P. davidiana can make good use of light energy, but its drought resistance is poor. T. mandshurica can maintain good WUE in a wide range of PAR, and it can adapt to a wide range of light energy, and can be cultivated in a large area.

Key words: Lanzhou Beishan, altitude, greening tree species, light response curve, photosynthetic physiological index

中图分类号:

Q945.79
X17

刘旻霞, 于瑞新, 穆若兰, 夏素娟. 兰州北山不同海拔3种典型绿化树种光合特性研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(10): 1943-1951.

LIU Minxia, YU Ruixin, MU Ruolan, XIA Sujuan. Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Typical Tree Species at Different Altitudes in Beishan, Lanzhou[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(10): 1943-1951.

图/表 7

参考文献 23

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样区 Plot	海拔 Altitude/m	经度Longitude	纬度 Latitude	胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm			株高 Plant height/m
样区 Plot	海拔 Altitude/m	经度Longitude	纬度 Latitude	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	山桃 Prunus davidiana	甘蒙柽柳 Tamarix austromongolica	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	山桃 Prunus davidiana	甘蒙柽柳 Tamarix austromongolica
样区1 Plot1	1609±6	103°52′47″E	36°10′20″N	27.13±2.12	17.14±1.89	15.27±1.14	2.81±0.21	2.13±0.25	3.68±0.31
样区2 Plot2	1802±4	103.47′73″E	36°06′56″N	31.58±2.53	16.54±2.17	17.34±1.77	3.12±0.29	2.06±0.17	3.56±0.25
样区3 Plot3	2060±8	103°41′65″E	35°58′54″N	31.32±2.44	19.23±3.11	18.17±2.15	3.17±0.27	2.16±0.22	3.74±0.28

样区 Plot	海拔 Altitude/m	经度Longitude	纬度 Latitude	胸径 Diameter at breast height/cm			株高 Plant height/m
样区 Plot	海拔 Altitude/m	经度Longitude	纬度 Latitude	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	山桃 Prunus davidiana	甘蒙柽柳 Tamarix austromongolica	侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	山桃 Prunus davidiana	甘蒙柽柳 Tamarix austromongolica
样区1 Plot1	1609±6	103°52′47″E	36°10′20″N	27.13±2.12	17.14±1.89	15.27±1.14	2.81±0.21	2.13±0.25	3.68±0.31
样区2 Plot2	1802±4	103.47′73″E	36°06′56″N	31.58±2.53	16.54±2.17	17.34±1.77	3.12±0.29	2.06±0.17	3.56±0.25
样区3 Plot3	2060±8	103°41′65″E	35°58′54″N	31.32±2.44	19.23±3.11	18.17±2.15	3.17±0.27	2.16±0.22	3.74±0.28

海拔 Altitude/m	光合有效辐射PAR Photosynthetically active radiation/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	大气温度T_a Atmospheric temperature/ ℃		土壤温度T_s Soil temperature/ ℃	土壤含水量SMC Soil moisture content/ (g∙kg^-1)
1600	1651.39±6.54b	23.41±3.11a	51.08±7.84 a	16.15±2.67a	0.085±0.013a
1800	1754.53±6.85a	22.51±1.53b	45.33±5.56 b	15.81±1.79a	0.082±0.009a
2000	1862.31±4.23a	19.67±2.29c	43.40±6.44 c	15.64±2.33a	0.067±0.016b

海拔 Altitude/m	光合有效辐射PAR Photosynthetically active radiation/ (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)	大气温度T_a Atmospheric temperature/ ℃		土壤温度T_s Soil temperature/ ℃	土壤含水量SMC Soil moisture content/ (g∙kg^-1)
1600	1651.39±6.54b	23.41±3.11a	51.08±7.84 a	16.15±2.67a	0.085±0.013a
1800	1754.53±6.85a	22.51±1.53b	45.33±5.56 b	15.81±1.79a	0.082±0.009a
2000	1862.31±4.23a	19.67±2.29c	43.40±6.44 c	15.64±2.33a	0.067±0.016b

树种 Trees	海拔 Altitude/m	最大净光合速率 P_nmax	饱和光强 LSP	光补偿点 LCP	表观量子效率 AQE	暗呼吸速率 R_d
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	1600	7.67±0.02b	2190.12±13.08a	9.39±0.57a	0.069±0.07a	0.507±0.14a
	1800	16.30±0.11a	1962.02±9.25c	8.20±0.64b	0.062±0.04b	0.48±0.02b
	2000	15.91±0.08a	2002.63±15.36b	8.01±0.36b	0.056±0.02c	0.44±0.01b
山桃 Prunus davidiana	1600	6.83±0.03b	1731.13±0.08b	16.94±1.27a	0.044±0.03a	1.86±0.26a
	1800	15.16±0.07a	1788.52±8.76b	14.40±1.49b	0.042±0.02b	1.69±0.32b
	2000	14.21±0.18a	2396.16±13.97a	12.26±1.33c	0.042±0.02b	1.03±0.15c
甘蒙柽柳 Tamarix austromongolica	1600	10.13±0.02b	1808.31±12.17c	25.66±3.85a	0.055±0.05a	1.2±0.22a
	1800	16.83±0.15a	1996.09±11.98b	22.69±2.98b	0.048±0.03b	1.04±0.02b
	2000	16.64±0.12a	2415.81±15.66a	20.65±2.21c	0.044±0.02b	1.01±0.01b

兰州北山不同海拔3种典型绿化树种光合特性研究

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Three Typical Tree Species at Different Altitudes in Beishan, Lanzhou

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树种 Trees	参数Parameters	光合有效辐射PAR	大气相对湿度RH	大气温度T_a	土壤温度T_s	土壤含水量SMC	气孔导度G_s	蒸腾速率T_r	光能利用效率LUE	水分利用效率WUE	净光合速率P_n
侧柏 Platycladus orientalis	PAR	1
	RH	-0.22	1
	T_a	0.103	-0.982**	1
	T_s	0.116	-0.866**	0.908**	1
	SMC	0.25	-0.741*	0.751	0.749*	1
	G_s	-0.015	0.793*	-0.72	-0.598	-0.331	1
	T_r	0.286	0.109	-0.045	-0.117	0.281	0.657*	1
	LUE	-0.014	-0.163	0.199	-0.081	-0.264	-0.028	0.314	1
	WUE	0.352	-0.308	0.22	0.115	-0.346	-0.55	-0.454	0.486	1
	P_n	0.664*	-0.319	0.27	0.086	-0.011	-0.081	0.385	0.734*	0.64*	1
山桃 Prunus davidiana	G_s	-0.248	0.831**	-0.756*	-0.526	-0.471	1
	T_r	0.146	0.352	-0.256	-0.125	-0.376	0.752*	1
	LUE	-0.575	0.55	-0.449	-0.203	-0.66*	0.734*	0.716*	1
	WUE	-0.789*	0.562	-0.489	-0.304	-0.628*	0.548	0.448	0.927**	1
	P_n	0.713*	0.556	-0.452	-0.246	-0.588	0.824**	0.894**	0.95**	0.793*	1
甘蒙柽柳 Tamarix austromongolica	G_s	0.965**	-0.548	0.557	0.326	-0.342	1
	T_r	0.882**	-0.863**	0.867**	0.429	0.074	0.89**	1
	LUE	-0.384	-0.093	0.113	0.805**	0.337	-0.147	-0.097	1
	WUE	-0.257	0.214	-0.215	0.567	-0.121	-0.046	-0.214	0.784*	1
	P_n	0.14	-0.323	0.338	0.909**	0.069	0.374	0.336	0.846**	0.794*	1

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