中国大陆地区一种归化植物新记录——二十蕊商陆（Phytolacca icosandra L.）

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (8): 1555-1560.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.08.001

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

中国大陆地区一种归化植物新记录——二十蕊商陆（Phytolacca icosandra L.）

席辉辉¹^,²(), 吴丽新¹^,²^,³, 冯景秋¹^,², 殷根深⁴^,^*()

1.中国科学院昆明植物研究所资源植物与生物技术重点实验室,云南昆明 650201
2.中国科学院大学,云南昆明 650201
3.云南大学生命科学学院,云南昆明 650091
4.昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昆明 650214

收稿日期:2021-03-03 出版日期:2021-08-18 发布日期:2021-11-03
通讯作者: * 殷根深（1985年生）,男,讲师,博士,主要从事植物学研究。E-mail: yingenshen@126.com
作者简介:席辉辉（1993年生）,男（土家族）,博士研究生,主要从事苏铁属植物群体遗传学研究与植物分类学研究。E-mail: xihuihuichn@gmail.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31860107)

A New Record of Naturalized Species in Mainland China: Phytolacca icosandra L.

XI Huihui¹^,²(), WU Lixin¹^,²^,³, FENG Jingqiu¹^,², YIN Genshen⁴^,^*()

1. Key Laboratory of Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, China
3. School of Life Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
4. College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Kunming University, Kunming 650214, China

Received:2021-03-03 Online:2021-08-18 Published:2021-11-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

商陆属（Phytolacca L.）主要分布于亚洲、非洲和美洲,全世界约有26种。中国本土分布4种,生长于沟谷、林下、林缘、路边等生境。该研究报道了中国大陆地区1种新归化植物：二十蕊商陆（P. icosandra L.）。该种心皮7—10枚,合生;花梗通常0.1—0.4 (—1) cm,花被片5—6枚,不等大或等大,雄蕊14—20枚;果序直立,长20—30 cm,种子种脐一侧明显突出,与中国大陆地区记载的商陆属其他物种区别较明显而容易识别。该种原产于拉丁美洲,2012年归化于中国台湾,在欧洲、南非、澳大利亚、亚洲热带亚热带地区也有归化,因其具有较强环境适应性已成为部分归化地区的恶性杂草。文章介绍了二十蕊商陆的学名、文献引证、异名,然后结合野外观察和该种的凭证标本,对其特征进行了详细描述。通过该种与其相似种的形态学比较,文章编制了实用的中国商陆属植物检索表。此外,基于该种在归化地生长和分布情况的初步观察,文章还评估了该种的经济价值与入侵风险,认为该归化种具有较高入侵潜力。根据其生物学特性和其他地区的入侵表现,文章预测该种将来可能会扩散到中国更多省区。因此,文章提出了多条针对该种的归化管理对策。建议有关部门和人员应对其开展定期监测和相关研究,密切关注其归化种群的发展扩散趋势,防止其对中国生态系统造成危害。

关键词: 归化物种, 入侵植物, 新记录, 中国大陆地区, 商陆属

Abstract:

The genus Phytolacca L. (Phytolacaceae) consists of 26 species worldwide, majorly distributed in Asia, Africa, and America. There are four Phytolacca species native in China, which were found in valley, undergrowth, forest edge and roadside. They grow in valley, undergrowth, forest edge and roadside, which altitude is 300-3400 m. Here we report a new record of naturalized plant Phytolacca icosandra L. (Phytolacaceae) from mainland China. The morphology of this naturalized species is clearly distinct from other known taxa of Phytolacca L. from Chinese Mainland: carpels connate, 7?10; pedicel usually 0.1?0.4 (?1) cm in length; 5?6 tepals, unequal or equal in size; stamens 14?20; inflorescence erect, 20?30 cm long; hilum prominent on one side of the seed. P. icosandra is native to Latin America and has been naturalized in the Taiwan province of China in 2012. The naturalization of this species has also been reported in Europe, South Africa, Australia and subtropical regions of Asia. Because of its strong adaptability to local environment, it has become a noxious weed for some regions. In this text, we introduced the scientific names, references and synonyms of P. icosandra, then we described its detailed characteristics based on the voucher specimens and field observations. We provided a practical key to Phytolacca of China by comparing the morphology of P. icosandra with other Chinese Phytolacca species. Additionally, according to a preliminary observation in the growth status and distribution of naturalized population, we further evaluated the economic value and invasion risk of P. icosandra, and concluded that this naturalized species is displaying high invasion potential. On the basis of its biological characteristics and the invasion potential, we considered the species might spread to more provinces in China in the future. Hence, we proposed multiple management strategies for the naturalized species. We suggested regularly monitoring and related studies to be carried out by relevant departments and personnel to predict the dispersal and development of the naturalized populations of P. icosandra, in order to prevent it from harming the ecosystem of China.

Key words: invasive plant, mainland China, naturalized species, new record, Phytolacca

中图分类号:

Q949
X173

席辉辉, 吴丽新, 冯景秋, 殷根深. 中国大陆地区一种归化植物新记录——二十蕊商陆（Phytolacca icosandra L.）[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(8): 1555-1560.

XI Huihui, WU Lixin, FENG Jingqiu, YIN Genshen. A New Record of Naturalized Species in Mainland China: Phytolacca icosandra L.[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(8): 1555-1560.

图/表 3

图1 二十蕊商陆的形态特征 A. 昆明植物园中逸生的植株;B. 花特写;C. 果枝;D. 华南植物园逸生植株的果序;E. 幼果（上）与成熟果实（下）;F. 种子。（其中D图为曾佑派摄）

Fig. 1 Morphological characteristics of Phytolacca icosandra L. A. the plant in the stone crevice; B. close-up of flowers; C. inflorescence; D. ripe infructescence; E. the upper is immature fruits, the lower is mature fruits; F. seeds. (D photographed by ZENG Youpai)

图2 垂序商陆的形态特征 A. 整株;B. 花序特写;C. 果枝;D. 植株一部分,示意果序下垂;E. 幼果（右）与成熟（左）果实;F. 种子。（其中C图为曾佑派摄）

Fig. 2 Morphological characteristics of Phytolacca americana L. A. the whole plant; B. close-up of inflorescence; C. portion of plant, showing the drooping infructescence; D. close-up of infructescence; E. fruits, the right is mature, the left is immature; F. seeds. (C photographed by ZENG Youpai)

图3 二十蕊商陆（Phytolacca icosandra）在昆明市岗头村的归化居群 A. 路边绿化带归化的幼苗、成年植株;B. 路边排水沟的归化植株;C. 建筑墙上归化的植株;D. 田地边归化的巨大植株;E. 根;F. 木质化的地上茎;G. 花序;H. 成熟果序;I. 成熟的种子。（其中图D为冯景秋拍摄）

Fig. 3 The naturalized population of Phytolacca icosandra L. in Gangtou Village, Kunming City A. the naturalized seedling and mature plants at roadside; B. the naturalized plants at the wall; C. the naturalized plants in gutter; D. naturalized plants beside the farmland; E. root; F. woody stems above ground; G. inflorescence; H. ripe infructescences; I. seeds) (D photographed by FENG Jingqiu)

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中国大陆地区一种归化植物新记录——二十蕊商陆（Phytolacca icosandra L.）

A New Record of Naturalized Species in Mainland China: Phytolacca icosandra L.

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