Abstract:

[Objective] To reveal the trade-off and synergy characteristics of ecosystem services in the Taihang Mountains and conduct ecological functional zoning, providing precise support for regional ecological collaborative management. [Methods] The InVEST model was used to quantify the spatiotemporal changes of four ecosystem services (soil conservation, carbon storage, habitat quality, and water yield) from 2000 to 2024. Pearson correlation and bivariate Moran's index were employed to analyze trade-off and synergy relationships at both regional and pixel scales. Ecological functional zones were delineated using the self-organizing feature map (SOFM) method, and a differentiated management system was constructed by coupling geomorphological zoning. [Results] 1) During the study period, forested areas and water bodies expanded, construction land increased rapidly, grasslands significantly degraded, and croplands remained relatively stable in the Taihang Mountains. 2) Soil conservation and water yield initially increased and then decreased, while carbon storage steadily rose and habitat quality gradually declined. Soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality exhibited a spatial pattern of “high in mountainous areas and low in basin regions,” while water yield followed a “south-high, north-low” distribution. 3) Trade-off and synergy relationships combined regional regularity and pixel heterogeneity. At the regional scale, soil conservation, carbon storage, and habitat quality showed strong synergy, while carbon storage, habitat quality, and water yield formed stable trade-offs. At the pixel scale, synergy zones were concentrated in the high-high clustering areas of the main Taihang Mountain ridge and the low-low clustering plains of the eastern foothills, whereas trade-off zones were primarily located at the interface between the high water yield areas in southeastern Shanxi and densely populated basin regions. 4) The main ridge zone was dominated by multifunctional core barrier areas, the intermontane basin zone served as a transition between ecological conservation and economic development, and the piedmont plain zone saw a significant increase in the proportion of water conservation and soil retention support areas. Coupling geomorphological and ecological functional zoning resulted in the formation of 12 management units. [Conclusion] The findings provide practical support for synergistic enhancement of multiple ecosystem services and the implementation of classified ecological protection strategies in the Taihang Mountains.

Key words: Taihang Mountains, ecosystem services, trade-off and synergy, partitioned control, InVEST model

摘要：

【目的】揭示太行山区生态系统服务权衡协同特征并开展生态功能分区，为区域生态协同管理提供精准支撑。【方法】采用InVEST模型量化2000－2024年间土壤保持量、碳储量、生境质量、产水量4项生态系统服务的时空变化，结合Pearson相关性、双变量莫兰指数解析全域与像元尺度的权衡协同关系，通过自组织映射法（SOFM）划分生态功能区，并耦合地貌分区构建差异化管控体系。【结果】1）研究期内太行山区林地和水域扩张、建设用地快速增长、草地明显退化、耕地整体稳定；2）土壤保持量与产水量先升后降，碳储量稳步增长，生境质量缓慢下降；土壤保持量、碳储量与生境质量呈“山地高、盆地区低”的空间格局，产水量呈“南高北低”分布；3）权衡协同关系兼具全域规律性与像元异质性，全域尺度土壤保持量、碳储量、生境质量呈强协同，碳储量、生境质量与产水量为稳定权衡；像元尺度协同区集中于太行山主脉高高聚类区与东麓平原低低聚类区，权衡区主要位于晋东南产水高值区与盆地人类活动密集区交接地带；4）山脉主脊区以多功能核心屏障区为主导，山间盆地区为生态保护与经济发展过渡带，山前平川区水源涵养与保土支撑区占比大幅提升，耦合地貌分区与生态功能分区，形成12类管控单元。【结论】研究结果能为太行山区多生态服务协同增效、分区分类生态保护策略落地提供实践依据。

关键词: 太行山区, 生态系统服务, 权衡协同, 分区管控, InVEST模型