Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 2058-2069.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.014
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CHEN Jinghui1,2(), GUO Yi3, YANG Bo1,4, QU Chengtun1,4,5
Received:
2022-07-23
Online:
2022-10-18
Published:
2022-12-09
陈景辉1,2(), 郭毅3, 杨博1,4, 屈撑囤1,4,5
作者简介:
陈景辉(1985年生),男,讲师,硕士,研究方向为环境污染与修复。E-mail: jhchen@xsyu.edu.cn
基金资助:
CLC Number:
CHEN Jinghui, GUO Yi, YANG Bo, QU Chengtun. Pollution Level of Heavy Metals in Soil and Health Risk Assessment in Provincial Capital Cities of China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 2058-2069.
陈景辉, 郭毅, 杨博, 屈撑囤. 省会城市土壤重金属污染水平与健康风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 2058-2069.
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参数含义 Parameter meaning | 符号和单位 Symbols and units | 儿童 Children | 成人 Adults |
---|---|---|---|
每日摄取率 Daily intake rate | Ring/(mg·d-1) | 200 | 100 |
暴露频率 Exposure frequency | EF/(d·a-1) | 350 | 350 |
暴露时长 Exposure duration | ED/a | 6 | 25 |
平均体重 Average body weight | BW/kg | 15.9 | 56.8 |
平均时间 Average time | AT/d | 26280 | 26280 |
每日吸入率 Daily inhalation rate | Rinh/(m3·d-1) | 7.5 | 14.5 |
颗粒物释放因子 Particulate matter release factor | PEF/(m3·kg) | 1.36×109 | 1.36×109 |
皮肤暴露面积 Skin exposure area | SA/cm2 | 2800 | 5700 |
皮肤粘附因子 Skin adhesion factor | SL/(mg·cm-2) | 0.2 | 0.07 |
皮肤吸附因子 Skin adsorption factor | ABF | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Table 1 Health risk assessment exposure parameters
参数含义 Parameter meaning | 符号和单位 Symbols and units | 儿童 Children | 成人 Adults |
---|---|---|---|
每日摄取率 Daily intake rate | Ring/(mg·d-1) | 200 | 100 |
暴露频率 Exposure frequency | EF/(d·a-1) | 350 | 350 |
暴露时长 Exposure duration | ED/a | 6 | 25 |
平均体重 Average body weight | BW/kg | 15.9 | 56.8 |
平均时间 Average time | AT/d | 26280 | 26280 |
每日吸入率 Daily inhalation rate | Rinh/(m3·d-1) | 7.5 | 14.5 |
颗粒物释放因子 Particulate matter release factor | PEF/(m3·kg) | 1.36×109 | 1.36×109 |
皮肤暴露面积 Skin exposure area | SA/cm2 | 2800 | 5700 |
皮肤粘附因子 Skin adhesion factor | SL/(mg·cm-2) | 0.2 | 0.07 |
皮肤吸附因子 Skin adsorption factor | ABF | 0.001 | 0.001 |
重金属 Heavy metal | 斜率致癌因子 SF/ (kg·d·mg-1) | 参考剂量RfD/(mg·kg-1·d-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
经口摄入ADDing | 呼吸摄入ADD inh | 皮肤摄入ADDdermal | ||
As | 15.1 | 3.00×10-4 | 1.23×10-4 | 1.23×10-4 |
Cr | 42 | 3.00×10-3 | 2.86×10-5 | 6.00×10-5 |
Cu | — | 4.00×10-2 | 4.02×10-2 | 1.20×10-2 |
Mn | 15.1 | 4.60×10-2 | 1.43×10-5 | 1.84×10-3 |
Ni | 0.84 | 2.00×10-2 | 2.06×10-2 | 5.40×10-3 |
Pb | — | 3.50×10-3 | 3.52×10-3 | 5.25×10-4 |
Zn | — | 3.00×10-1 | 3.00×10-1 | 6.00×10-2 |
Cd | 6.30 | 1.00×10-3 | 1.00×10-5 | 1.00×10-5 |
Hg | — | 3.00×10-4 | 8.57×10-5 | 2.10×10-5 |
Table 2 Reference dose and slope carcinogens of heavy metals in soils exposed to different pathways
重金属 Heavy metal | 斜率致癌因子 SF/ (kg·d·mg-1) | 参考剂量RfD/(mg·kg-1·d-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
经口摄入ADDing | 呼吸摄入ADD inh | 皮肤摄入ADDdermal | ||
As | 15.1 | 3.00×10-4 | 1.23×10-4 | 1.23×10-4 |
Cr | 42 | 3.00×10-3 | 2.86×10-5 | 6.00×10-5 |
Cu | — | 4.00×10-2 | 4.02×10-2 | 1.20×10-2 |
Mn | 15.1 | 4.60×10-2 | 1.43×10-5 | 1.84×10-3 |
Ni | 0.84 | 2.00×10-2 | 2.06×10-2 | 5.40×10-3 |
Pb | — | 3.50×10-3 | 3.52×10-3 | 5.25×10-4 |
Zn | — | 3.00×10-1 | 3.00×10-1 | 6.00×10-2 |
Cd | 6.30 | 1.00×10-3 | 1.00×10-5 | 1.00×10-5 |
Hg | — | 3.00×10-4 | 8.57×10-5 | 2.10×10-5 |
城市 City | 发表时间 Published time/a | w/(mg·kg-1) | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | Co | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | Cd | Hg | |||
北京 Beijing | 2020 | 11.97 | — | 63.57 | 35.49 | — | 27.12 | 36.43 | 145.68 | 0.49 | 0.87 | 刘玲玲, |
上海 Shanghai | 2017 | — | — | 128.00 | 55.00 | 719.00 | 56.00 | 119.00 | 229.00 | 0.33 | — | 2017 |
天津 Tianjin | 2021 | 11.00 | — | 81.00 | 45.00 | — | 33.00 | 44.00 | 148.00 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 2021 |
重庆 Chongqing | 2021 | — | — | 86.77 | 24.87 | — | 33.19 | 28.89 | 126.02 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 2021 |
哈尔滨 Harbin | 2017 | 8.87 | — | 61.28 | 22.33 | — | 25.73 | 26.74 | 72.03 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 2017 |
长春 Changchun | 2021 | 28.63 | — | 124.75 | 22.19 | — | 23.19 | 33.34 | 48.33 | 0.11 | — | 王天欣, |
沈阳 Shenyang | 2020 | 8.09 | — | 67.30 | 44.80 | — | 38.10 | 59.14 | 206.60 | 0.49 | — | 2020 |
石家庄 Shijiazhuang | 2019 | 9.42 | — | 71.85 | 27.39 | — | 28.20 | 31.00 | 104.48 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 柴立立等, |
兰州 Lanzhou | 2019 | 13.62 | 59.14 | 60.86 | 41.12 | — | 37.47 | 36.49 | 108.25 | — | — | 李春艳, |
西宁 Xining | 2016 | 7.70 | 17.18 | 200.73 | 20.85 | — | — | 34.85 | 48.60 | — | — | 2016 |
西安 Xi’an | 2018 | 12.20 | 18.00 | 70.80 | 36.20 | 643.00 | 32.50 | 48.00 | 129.70 | — | — | 2018 |
郑州 Zhengzhou | 2021 | — | 8.84 | 63.40 | 21.67 | 461.03 | 26.82 | 48.19 | 80.04 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 2021 |
济南 Ji’nan | 2020 | 11.93 | — | 71.87 | 26.08 | — | 32.18 | — | 72.08 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 2020 |
太原 Taiyuan | 2020 | 11.46 | 8.11 | 42.17 | 16.47 | 403.85 | 20.18 | 20.95 | 40.26 | 0.13 | — | 2020 |
合肥 Hefei | 2021 | 23.91 | — | 59.92 | 26.62 | 457.88 | 34.06 | 17.93 | 115.17 | 0.10 | — | 2021 |
武汉 Wuhan | 2018 | 13.00 | — | 87.80 | 35.60 | — | 35.00 | 37.00 | 109.00 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 2018 |
长沙 Changsha | 2021 | 15.31 | 14.40 | 134.09 | 27.58 | — | 14.87 | 56.03 | 149.47 | 1.24 | — | 2021 |
南京 Nanjing | 2021 | — | 87.29 | 36.89 | — | 46.30 | 80.37 | 0.62 | 2021 | |||
成都 Chengdu | 2021 | — | — | 71.78 | 29.10 | — | — | 20.45 | 198.47 | 0.53 | 2021 | |
贵阳 Guiyang | 2012 | — | — | - | 66.10 | — | — | 79.50 | 243.00 | 0.98 | 2012 | |
昆明 Kunming | 2022 | 9.72 | — | 51.09 | 249.03 | 1160.15 | 43.00 | 62.27 | 381.79 | 1.10 | 2022 | |
杭州 Hangzhou | 2020 | 13.78 | — | 47.94 | 39.96 | — | 44.20 | 48.70 | 96.09 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 2020 |
南昌 Nanchang | 2019 | — | — | — | 27.48 | — | — | 60.92 | 156.16 | 0.20 | — | 2019 |
广州 Guangzhou | 2021 | 16.07 | — | 62.21 | 25.42 | — | 19.92 | 57.19 | 140.21 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 2021 |
福州 Fuzhou | 2017 | 16.00 | — | 21.30 | 45.50 | — | — | 55.00 | 147.00 | 0.60 | — | 2017 |
海口 Haikou | 2016 | 2.65 | — | 59.25 | 19.82 | — | 53.22 | 21.73 | 55.31 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 2016 |
乌鲁木齐 Urumqi | 2008 | — | — | — | 47.30 | — | — | 50.90 | 152.00 | 0.58 | — | 2008 |
呼和浩特 Huhhot | 2022 | 6.38 | — | 103.63 | 26.04 | 888.40 | 28.33 | 39.05 | 115.84 | 0.20 | — | 2022 |
银川 Yinchuan | 2020 | 11.90 | — | 60.26 | 21.17 | 25.66 | 22.78 | 55.48 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 2020 | |
南宁 Nanning | 2020 | 7.05 | — | 46.00 | 45.60 | — | 18.00 | 65.60 | 105.00 | 0.77 | 0.37 | 2020 |
拉萨 Lhasa | 2022 | 25.64 | — | 35.90 | 20.25 | — | 17.35 | 22.70 | 66.07 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 2022 |
香港 Hong Kong | 1997 | — | — | — | 17.10 | — | — | 56.90 | 55.20 | 1.04 | — | 1997 |
澳门 Macao | 2021 | 4.09 | 3.84 | 24.00 | 16.60 | — | 9.56 | 72.50 | 73.70 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 2021 |
最大值 Maximum | — | 28.63 | 59.14 | 200.73 | 249.03 | 1160.15 | 56.00 | 119.00 | 381.79 | 1.24 | 0.87 | — |
最小值 Minimum | — | 2.65 | 3.84 | 21.30 | 16.47 | 403.85 | 9.56 | 17.93 | 40.26 | 0.10 | 0.04 | — |
平均值 Average value | — | 12.52 | 18.50 | 74.03 | 38.26 | 676.19 | 30.27 | 45.64 | 122.86 | 0.42 | 0.20 | — |
标准偏差 Standard deviation | — | 5.34 | 8.08 | 34.33 | 39.70 | 118.63 | 9.74 | 20.83 | 70.30 | 0.31 | 0.14 | — |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | — | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 1.04 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.73 | 0.70 | — |
中位值 Median value | — | 12.52 | 18.50 | 70.80 | 27.48 | 676.19 | 30.27 | 45.64 | 109.00 | 0.31 | 0.20 | |
中国土壤背景值Background values of soil elements in China | — | 11.20 | 10.60 | 61.00 | 22.60 | 583.00 | 26.90 | 26.00 | 74.20 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 1990 |
全球背景值 Global background value | — | 11.40 | — | 70.90 | 28.20 | — | 17.80 | 28.40 | 67.80 | 0.49 | 0.06 | Xiao et al., |
Table 3 Content of heavy metals in soils of provincial capitals in China
城市 City | 发表时间 Published time/a | w/(mg·kg-1) | 参考文献 Reference | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | Co | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | Cd | Hg | |||
北京 Beijing | 2020 | 11.97 | — | 63.57 | 35.49 | — | 27.12 | 36.43 | 145.68 | 0.49 | 0.87 | 刘玲玲, |
上海 Shanghai | 2017 | — | — | 128.00 | 55.00 | 719.00 | 56.00 | 119.00 | 229.00 | 0.33 | — | 2017 |
天津 Tianjin | 2021 | 11.00 | — | 81.00 | 45.00 | — | 33.00 | 44.00 | 148.00 | 0.39 | 0.18 | 2021 |
重庆 Chongqing | 2021 | — | — | 86.77 | 24.87 | — | 33.19 | 28.89 | 126.02 | 0.28 | 0.08 | 2021 |
哈尔滨 Harbin | 2017 | 8.87 | — | 61.28 | 22.33 | — | 25.73 | 26.74 | 72.03 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 2017 |
长春 Changchun | 2021 | 28.63 | — | 124.75 | 22.19 | — | 23.19 | 33.34 | 48.33 | 0.11 | — | 王天欣, |
沈阳 Shenyang | 2020 | 8.09 | — | 67.30 | 44.80 | — | 38.10 | 59.14 | 206.60 | 0.49 | — | 2020 |
石家庄 Shijiazhuang | 2019 | 9.42 | — | 71.85 | 27.39 | — | 28.20 | 31.00 | 104.48 | 0.28 | 0.11 | 柴立立等, |
兰州 Lanzhou | 2019 | 13.62 | 59.14 | 60.86 | 41.12 | — | 37.47 | 36.49 | 108.25 | — | — | 李春艳, |
西宁 Xining | 2016 | 7.70 | 17.18 | 200.73 | 20.85 | — | — | 34.85 | 48.60 | — | — | 2016 |
西安 Xi’an | 2018 | 12.20 | 18.00 | 70.80 | 36.20 | 643.00 | 32.50 | 48.00 | 129.70 | — | — | 2018 |
郑州 Zhengzhou | 2021 | — | 8.84 | 63.40 | 21.67 | 461.03 | 26.82 | 48.19 | 80.04 | 0.31 | 0.15 | 2021 |
济南 Ji’nan | 2020 | 11.93 | — | 71.87 | 26.08 | — | 32.18 | — | 72.08 | 0.20 | 0.05 | 2020 |
太原 Taiyuan | 2020 | 11.46 | 8.11 | 42.17 | 16.47 | 403.85 | 20.18 | 20.95 | 40.26 | 0.13 | — | 2020 |
合肥 Hefei | 2021 | 23.91 | — | 59.92 | 26.62 | 457.88 | 34.06 | 17.93 | 115.17 | 0.10 | — | 2021 |
武汉 Wuhan | 2018 | 13.00 | — | 87.80 | 35.60 | — | 35.00 | 37.00 | 109.00 | 0.30 | 0.11 | 2018 |
长沙 Changsha | 2021 | 15.31 | 14.40 | 134.09 | 27.58 | — | 14.87 | 56.03 | 149.47 | 1.24 | — | 2021 |
南京 Nanjing | 2021 | — | 87.29 | 36.89 | — | 46.30 | 80.37 | 0.62 | 2021 | |||
成都 Chengdu | 2021 | — | — | 71.78 | 29.10 | — | — | 20.45 | 198.47 | 0.53 | 2021 | |
贵阳 Guiyang | 2012 | — | — | - | 66.10 | — | — | 79.50 | 243.00 | 0.98 | 2012 | |
昆明 Kunming | 2022 | 9.72 | — | 51.09 | 249.03 | 1160.15 | 43.00 | 62.27 | 381.79 | 1.10 | 2022 | |
杭州 Hangzhou | 2020 | 13.78 | — | 47.94 | 39.96 | — | 44.20 | 48.70 | 96.09 | 0.19 | 0.42 | 2020 |
南昌 Nanchang | 2019 | — | — | — | 27.48 | — | — | 60.92 | 156.16 | 0.20 | — | 2019 |
广州 Guangzhou | 2021 | 16.07 | — | 62.21 | 25.42 | — | 19.92 | 57.19 | 140.21 | 0.30 | 0.25 | 2021 |
福州 Fuzhou | 2017 | 16.00 | — | 21.30 | 45.50 | — | — | 55.00 | 147.00 | 0.60 | — | 2017 |
海口 Haikou | 2016 | 2.65 | — | 59.25 | 19.82 | — | 53.22 | 21.73 | 55.31 | 0.23 | 0.16 | 2016 |
乌鲁木齐 Urumqi | 2008 | — | — | — | 47.30 | — | — | 50.90 | 152.00 | 0.58 | — | 2008 |
呼和浩特 Huhhot | 2022 | 6.38 | — | 103.63 | 26.04 | 888.40 | 28.33 | 39.05 | 115.84 | 0.20 | — | 2022 |
银川 Yinchuan | 2020 | 11.90 | — | 60.26 | 21.17 | 25.66 | 22.78 | 55.48 | 0.15 | 0.04 | 2020 | |
南宁 Nanning | 2020 | 7.05 | — | 46.00 | 45.60 | — | 18.00 | 65.60 | 105.00 | 0.77 | 0.37 | 2020 |
拉萨 Lhasa | 2022 | 25.64 | — | 35.90 | 20.25 | — | 17.35 | 22.70 | 66.07 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 2022 |
香港 Hong Kong | 1997 | — | — | — | 17.10 | — | — | 56.90 | 55.20 | 1.04 | — | 1997 |
澳门 Macao | 2021 | 4.09 | 3.84 | 24.00 | 16.60 | — | 9.56 | 72.50 | 73.70 | 0.13 | 0.07 | 2021 |
最大值 Maximum | — | 28.63 | 59.14 | 200.73 | 249.03 | 1160.15 | 56.00 | 119.00 | 381.79 | 1.24 | 0.87 | — |
最小值 Minimum | — | 2.65 | 3.84 | 21.30 | 16.47 | 403.85 | 9.56 | 17.93 | 40.26 | 0.10 | 0.04 | — |
平均值 Average value | — | 12.52 | 18.50 | 74.03 | 38.26 | 676.19 | 30.27 | 45.64 | 122.86 | 0.42 | 0.20 | — |
标准偏差 Standard deviation | — | 5.34 | 8.08 | 34.33 | 39.70 | 118.63 | 9.74 | 20.83 | 70.30 | 0.31 | 0.14 | — |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | — | 0.43 | 0.44 | 0.46 | 1.04 | 0.18 | 0.32 | 0.46 | 0.57 | 0.73 | 0.70 | — |
中位值 Median value | — | 12.52 | 18.50 | 70.80 | 27.48 | 676.19 | 30.27 | 45.64 | 109.00 | 0.31 | 0.20 | |
中国土壤背景值Background values of soil elements in China | — | 11.20 | 10.60 | 61.00 | 22.60 | 583.00 | 26.90 | 26.00 | 74.20 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 1990 |
全球背景值 Global background value | — | 11.40 | — | 70.90 | 28.20 | — | 17.80 | 28.40 | 67.80 | 0.49 | 0.06 | Xiao et al., |
城市 (国家) City (Country) | 发表时间 Published time | w/(mg·kg-1) | 参考文献 Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | Cu | Pb | Zn | Cd | |||
Tucson (美国) | 2015 | 96.70 | — | 145.00 | — | 5.33 | 2015 |
Karabash (俄罗斯) | 2013 | 285.00 | 2669.00 | 620.00 | 1216.00 | 7.75 | 2013 |
Prescot (英国) | 2008 | 77.30 | 661.00 | 565.00 | 144.00 | 22.00 | 2008 |
Sudbury (加拿大) | 2002 | — | 557.00 | 33.00 | 63.00 | 2.80 | 2002 |
Kembla (澳大利亚) | 2004 | 4.10 | 76.00 | 29.00 | 63.00 | — | 2004 |
Huelva (西班牙) | 2007 | 14.00 | 110.00 | 45.00 | 100.00 | — | 2007 |
Glogow (波兰) | 2001 | — | 297.00 | 111.00 | 47.50 | — | 2001 |
Baia Mare (罗马尼亚) | 2017 | 87.90 | 248.00 | 864.00 | 394.00 | — | 2017 |
Kerman (伊朗) | 2019 | 23.80 | 92.00 | 13.70 | 55.00 | 0.30 | 2019 |
Puchuncaví (智利) | 2014 | 45.10 | 571.00 | 84.40 | 165.00 | 1.00 | 2014 |
省会城市均值 (中国) | 2022 | 12.52 | 38.26 | 45.64 | 122.86 | 0.42 | 本研究 This study |
最小值 Minimum | — | 4.10 | 38.26 | 13.70 | 47.50 | 0.30 | — |
最大值 Maximum | — | 285.00 | 2669.00 | 864.00 | 1216.00 | 22.00 | — |
平均值 Average value | — | 71.82 | 531.93 | 232.34 | 237.04 | 5.66 | — |
中位值 Median value | — | 45.10 | 272.50 | 84.40 | 111.43 | 2.80 | — |
标准偏差 Standard deviation | — | 87.19 | 784.92 | 300.50 | 358.75 | 7.72 | — |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | — | 1.21 | 1.48 | 1.29 | 1.51 | 1.36 | — |
上地壳元素质量分数 Element content of upper crust | — | 5.70 | 27.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 | 0.06 | Xiao et al., |
全球背景值 Global background value | — | 11.40 | 28.20 | 28.40 | 67.80 | 0.06 | Xiao et al., |
Table 4 Contents of heavy metals in soils of some cities at home and abroad
城市 (国家) City (Country) | 发表时间 Published time | w/(mg·kg-1) | 参考文献 Reference | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
As | Cu | Pb | Zn | Cd | |||
Tucson (美国) | 2015 | 96.70 | — | 145.00 | — | 5.33 | 2015 |
Karabash (俄罗斯) | 2013 | 285.00 | 2669.00 | 620.00 | 1216.00 | 7.75 | 2013 |
Prescot (英国) | 2008 | 77.30 | 661.00 | 565.00 | 144.00 | 22.00 | 2008 |
Sudbury (加拿大) | 2002 | — | 557.00 | 33.00 | 63.00 | 2.80 | 2002 |
Kembla (澳大利亚) | 2004 | 4.10 | 76.00 | 29.00 | 63.00 | — | 2004 |
Huelva (西班牙) | 2007 | 14.00 | 110.00 | 45.00 | 100.00 | — | 2007 |
Glogow (波兰) | 2001 | — | 297.00 | 111.00 | 47.50 | — | 2001 |
Baia Mare (罗马尼亚) | 2017 | 87.90 | 248.00 | 864.00 | 394.00 | — | 2017 |
Kerman (伊朗) | 2019 | 23.80 | 92.00 | 13.70 | 55.00 | 0.30 | 2019 |
Puchuncaví (智利) | 2014 | 45.10 | 571.00 | 84.40 | 165.00 | 1.00 | 2014 |
省会城市均值 (中国) | 2022 | 12.52 | 38.26 | 45.64 | 122.86 | 0.42 | 本研究 This study |
最小值 Minimum | — | 4.10 | 38.26 | 13.70 | 47.50 | 0.30 | — |
最大值 Maximum | — | 285.00 | 2669.00 | 864.00 | 1216.00 | 22.00 | — |
平均值 Average value | — | 71.82 | 531.93 | 232.34 | 237.04 | 5.66 | — |
中位值 Median value | — | 45.10 | 272.50 | 84.40 | 111.43 | 2.80 | — |
标准偏差 Standard deviation | — | 87.19 | 784.92 | 300.50 | 358.75 | 7.72 | — |
变异系数 Coefficient of variation | — | 1.21 | 1.48 | 1.29 | 1.51 | 1.36 | — |
上地壳元素质量分数 Element content of upper crust | — | 5.70 | 27.00 | 25.00 | 75.00 | 0.06 | Xiao et al., |
全球背景值 Global background value | — | 11.40 | 28.20 | 28.40 | 67.80 | 0.06 | Xiao et al., |
暴露人群 Exposed population | 摄入方式 Ingestion mode | As | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | Cd | Hg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
儿童 Children | 手口摄入 ADDing | 1.25×10-5 | 7.44×10-5 | 3.84×10-5 | 6.79×10-4 | 3.04×10-5 | 4.58×10-5 | 1.23×10-4 | 4.20×10-7 | 2.04×10-7 |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 3.46×10-16 | 2.05×10-15 | 1.06×10-15 | 1.87×10-14 | 8.39×10-16 | 1.26×10-15 | 3.40×10-15 | 1.15×10-17 | 5.65×10-18 | |
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 3.52×10-8 | 2.08×10-7 | 1.07×10-7 | 1.90×10-6 | 8.51×10-8 | 1.28×10-7 | 3.45×10-7 | 1.17×10-9 | 5.73×10-10 | |
成人 Adult | 手口摄入 ADDing | 7.33×10-6 | 4.33×10-5 | 2.24×10-5 | 3.96×10-4 | 1.77×10-5 | 2.67×10-5 | 7.20×10-5 | 2.45×10-7 | 1.19×10-7 |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 7.82×10-16 | 4.62×10-15 | 2.39×10-15 | 4.22×10-14 | 1.89×10-15 | 2.85×10-15 | 7.67×10-15 | 2.61×10-17 | 1.27×10-17 | |
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 2.92×10-8 | 1.73×10-7 | 8.94×10-8 | 1.58×10-6 | 7.08×10-8 | 1.06×10-7 | 2.87×10-7 | 9.77×10-10 | 4.76×10-10 |
Table 5 Exposure dose of heavy metals in soil by different exposure routes mg·kg-1·d-1
暴露人群 Exposed population | 摄入方式 Ingestion mode | As | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | Cd | Hg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
儿童 Children | 手口摄入 ADDing | 1.25×10-5 | 7.44×10-5 | 3.84×10-5 | 6.79×10-4 | 3.04×10-5 | 4.58×10-5 | 1.23×10-4 | 4.20×10-7 | 2.04×10-7 |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 3.46×10-16 | 2.05×10-15 | 1.06×10-15 | 1.87×10-14 | 8.39×10-16 | 1.26×10-15 | 3.40×10-15 | 1.15×10-17 | 5.65×10-18 | |
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 3.52×10-8 | 2.08×10-7 | 1.07×10-7 | 1.90×10-6 | 8.51×10-8 | 1.28×10-7 | 3.45×10-7 | 1.17×10-9 | 5.73×10-10 | |
成人 Adult | 手口摄入 ADDing | 7.33×10-6 | 4.33×10-5 | 2.24×10-5 | 3.96×10-4 | 1.77×10-5 | 2.67×10-5 | 7.20×10-5 | 2.45×10-7 | 1.19×10-7 |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 7.82×10-16 | 4.62×10-15 | 2.39×10-15 | 4.22×10-14 | 1.89×10-15 | 2.85×10-15 | 7.67×10-15 | 2.61×10-17 | 1.27×10-17 | |
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 2.92×10-8 | 1.73×10-7 | 8.94×10-8 | 1.58×10-6 | 7.08×10-8 | 1.06×10-7 | 2.87×10-7 | 9.77×10-10 | 4.76×10-10 |
指数 Index | 暴露人群 Exposed population | 摄入方式 Ingestion mode | As | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | Cd | Hg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
非致癌风险 指数HQ | 儿童 Children | 手口摄入 ADDing | 4.19×10-2 | 2.48×10-2 | 9.61×10-4 | 1.47×10-2 | 1.52×10-3 | 1.31×10-2 | 4.11×10-4 | 4.20×10-4 | 6.83×10-4 |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 2.82×10-12 | 7.17×10-11 | 2.63×10-14 | 1.31×10-9 | 4.07×10-14 | 3.59×10-13 | 1.13×10-14 | 1.15×10-12 | 6.59×10-14 | ||
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 2.86×10-4 | 3.47×10-3 | 8.97×10-6 | 1.03×10-3 | 1.57×10-5 | 2.44×10-4 | 5.76×10-6 | 1.17×10-4 | 2.73×10-5 | ||
成人 Adult | 手足摄入 ADDing | 2.44×10-2 | 1.44×10-2 | 5.60×10-4 | 8.61×10-3 | 8.87×10-4 | 7.64×10-3 | 2.40×10-4 | 2.45×10-4 | 3.98×10-4 | |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 6.36×10-12 | 1.61×10-10 | 5.94×10-14 | 2.95×10-9 | 9.18×10-14 | 8.10×10-13 | 2.55×10-14 | 2.61×10-12 | 1.48×10-13 | ||
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 2.38×10-4 | 2.88×10-3 | 7.45×10-6 | 8.59×10-4 | 1.31×10-5 | 2.03×10-4 | 4.78×10-6 | 9.77×10-5 | 2.27×10-5 | ||
非致癌风险 总指数HI | 儿童 Children | 4.22×10-2 | 2.82×10-2 | 9.70×10-4 | 1.58×10-2 | 1.53×10-3 | 1.33×10-2 | 4.17×10-4 | 5.37×10-4 | 7.10×10-4 | |
成人 Adult | 2.46×10-2 | 1.73×10-2 | 5.68×10-4 | 9.47×10-3 | 9.00×10-4 | 7.84×10-3 | 2.44×10-4 | 3.42×10-4 | 4.21×10-4 |
Table 6 Non carcinogenic risk index of heavy metals in soil
指数 Index | 暴露人群 Exposed population | 摄入方式 Ingestion mode | As | Cr | Cu | Mn | Ni | Pb | Zn | Cd | Hg |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
非致癌风险 指数HQ | 儿童 Children | 手口摄入 ADDing | 4.19×10-2 | 2.48×10-2 | 9.61×10-4 | 1.47×10-2 | 1.52×10-3 | 1.31×10-2 | 4.11×10-4 | 4.20×10-4 | 6.83×10-4 |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 2.82×10-12 | 7.17×10-11 | 2.63×10-14 | 1.31×10-9 | 4.07×10-14 | 3.59×10-13 | 1.13×10-14 | 1.15×10-12 | 6.59×10-14 | ||
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 2.86×10-4 | 3.47×10-3 | 8.97×10-6 | 1.03×10-3 | 1.57×10-5 | 2.44×10-4 | 5.76×10-6 | 1.17×10-4 | 2.73×10-5 | ||
成人 Adult | 手足摄入 ADDing | 2.44×10-2 | 1.44×10-2 | 5.60×10-4 | 8.61×10-3 | 8.87×10-4 | 7.64×10-3 | 2.40×10-4 | 2.45×10-4 | 3.98×10-4 | |
呼吸摄入 ADD inh | 6.36×10-12 | 1.61×10-10 | 5.94×10-14 | 2.95×10-9 | 9.18×10-14 | 8.10×10-13 | 2.55×10-14 | 2.61×10-12 | 1.48×10-13 | ||
皮肤摄入 ADDdermal | 2.38×10-4 | 2.88×10-3 | 7.45×10-6 | 8.59×10-4 | 1.31×10-5 | 2.03×10-4 | 4.78×10-6 | 9.77×10-5 | 2.27×10-5 | ||
非致癌风险 总指数HI | 儿童 Children | 4.22×10-2 | 2.82×10-2 | 9.70×10-4 | 1.58×10-2 | 1.53×10-3 | 1.33×10-2 | 4.17×10-4 | 5.37×10-4 | 7.10×10-4 | |
成人 Adult | 2.46×10-2 | 1.73×10-2 | 5.68×10-4 | 9.47×10-3 | 9.00×10-4 | 7.84×10-3 | 2.44×10-4 | 3.42×10-4 | 4.21×10-4 |
暴露人群 Exposed population | 统计结果 Statistical results | As | Cr | Ni | Cd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
儿童 Children | 最小值 Minimum | 3.19×10-15 | 7.14×10-14 | 6.40×10-16 | 5.02×10-17 |
最大值 Maximum | 3.45×10-14 | 6.72×10-13 | 3.75×10-15 | 6.23×10-16 | |
平均值 Average value | 1.50×10-14 | 2.48×10-13 | 2.02×10-15 | 2.10×10-16 | |
中位值 Median value | 1.50×10-14 | 2.37×10-13 | 2.02×10-15 | 1.55×10-16 | |
标准差 Standard deviation | 6.43×10-15 | 1.15×10-13 | 6.52×10-16 | 1.54×10-16 | |
成人 Adult | 最小值 Minimum | 7.20×10-15 | 1.61×10-13 | 1.44×10-15 | 1.13×10-16 |
最大值 Maximum | 7.78×10-14 | 1.51×10-12 | 8.46×10-15 | 1.40×10-15 | |
平均值 Average value | 3.40×10-14 | 5.59×10-13 | 4.57×10-15 | 4.73×10-16 | |
中位值 Median value | 3.40×10-14 | 5.35×10-13 | 4.57×10-15 | 3.51×10-16 | |
标准差 Standard deviation | 1.45×10-14 | 2.59×10-13 | 1.47×10-15 | 3.47×10-16 |
Table 7 Statistics of carcinogenic risk index of heavy metals in soil
暴露人群 Exposed population | 统计结果 Statistical results | As | Cr | Ni | Cd |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
儿童 Children | 最小值 Minimum | 3.19×10-15 | 7.14×10-14 | 6.40×10-16 | 5.02×10-17 |
最大值 Maximum | 3.45×10-14 | 6.72×10-13 | 3.75×10-15 | 6.23×10-16 | |
平均值 Average value | 1.50×10-14 | 2.48×10-13 | 2.02×10-15 | 2.10×10-16 | |
中位值 Median value | 1.50×10-14 | 2.37×10-13 | 2.02×10-15 | 1.55×10-16 | |
标准差 Standard deviation | 6.43×10-15 | 1.15×10-13 | 6.52×10-16 | 1.54×10-16 | |
成人 Adult | 最小值 Minimum | 7.20×10-15 | 1.61×10-13 | 1.44×10-15 | 1.13×10-16 |
最大值 Maximum | 7.78×10-14 | 1.51×10-12 | 8.46×10-15 | 1.40×10-15 | |
平均值 Average value | 3.40×10-14 | 5.59×10-13 | 4.57×10-15 | 4.73×10-16 | |
中位值 Median value | 3.40×10-14 | 5.35×10-13 | 4.57×10-15 | 3.51×10-16 | |
标准差 Standard deviation | 1.45×10-14 | 2.59×10-13 | 1.47×10-15 | 3.47×10-16 |
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