Research on Priority Control Factors and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Around Mining Areas

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.014

Ecology and Environment ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (8): 1616-1628.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.08.014

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Research on Priority Control Factors and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Around Mining Areas

SHI Wenjing¹(), ZHOU Hanpeng¹, SUN Tao², HUANG Jintao¹, YANG Wenhuan¹, LI Weiping¹^,^*()

1. School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou 014010, P. R. China
2. Dezhou Water Conservancy Bureau, Dezhou 253000, P. R. China

Received:2022-03-22 Online:2022-08-18 Published:2022-10-10
Contact: LI Weiping

矿区周边土壤重金属污染优先控制因子及健康风险评价研究

石文静¹(), 周翰鹏¹, 孙涛², 黄金涛¹, 杨文焕¹, 李卫平¹^,^*()

1.内蒙古科技大学能源与环境学院,内蒙古包头 014010
2.德州市水利局,山东德州 253000

通讯作者: 李卫平
作者简介:石文静（1990年生）,女,讲师,博士,主要研究方向为污染生态学、环境地球化学。E-mail: swj225@126.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(2019ZD001);内蒙古自治区科技重大专项(013567)

Abstract

Abstract:

Heavy metal pollution in soil has seriously threatened the ecological environment and human health. Due to the limitation of resources and cost, it is key to manage and control heavy metal pollution in soil for determining the priority control factors and pollution sources of soil pollution. 31 soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected from a mining area and its surrounding areas in Hetao area, Inner Mongolia. Based on the coupling simulation research of the pollution index method, PMF model, Monte Carlo simulation, and USEPA health risk assessment model, the pollution characteristics, pollution sources, and the negative effects on human health were investigated, and the priority control factors such as pollution sources and pollution elements were determined controlling for heavy metal pollution in soil to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in mining areas. The results showed that the average contents of seven heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, and As) all exceeded the soil background value in Hetao area of Inner Mongolia, and Cu and Pb exceeded the risk screening value of Soil environmental quality Risk control standard for soil contamination of agricultural land (GB 15618—2018). Based on the PMF model and correlation analysis, the main sources of heavy metals in soil were traffic pollution sources (34.7%), agricultural pollution sources (9.3%), natural parent material sources (17.8%), and tailings pollution sources (38.2%). The results of the health risk assessment showed that both children and adults had carcinogenic risks, while only the children had the non-carcinogenic health risks exceeding the acceptable value. Source-oriented health risk assessment showed that As and Cr were the priority control elements, and tailings pollution sources and natural parent materials were the priority control pollution sources.

Key words: Inner Mongolia mining area, Monte Carlo simulation, PMF model, source analysis, health risk assessment

摘要：

土壤重金属污染已严重威胁生态环境和人类健康。由于资源和成本的限制,确定土壤污染的优先控制因子和污染源是管控和治理土壤重金属污染的关键。于内蒙古河套地区某矿区及周边区域共采集31个土壤样品（0—20 cm）,基于污染指数法、PMF模型、Monte Carlo模拟和USEPA健康风险评价模型等耦合模拟研究,探究其土壤重金属的污染特征、污染源及其对人体健康的危害,确定土壤重金属污染管控中的污染源和污染元素等优先控制因子,以期为矿区土壤重金属污染防治和管控提供科学依据。结果表明,Cd、Cu、Zn、Ni、Pb、Cr和As 7种重金属平均含量均超过内蒙古河套地区土壤背景值,Cu和Pb超过《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准》（GB 15618—2018）的风险筛选值。利用PMF模型结合相关性分析,确定土壤重金属主要来源为交通污染源（34.7%）、农业污染源（9.3%）、自然母质源（17.8%）以及尾矿污染源（38.2%）。健康风险评价结果显示,儿童和成人均存在致癌风险,而非致癌健康风险只有儿童超过了可接受值。基于源导向的健康风险评价表明,As和Cr为优先控制元素,尾矿污染源和自然母质源为优先控制污染源。

关键词: 内蒙古矿区, Monte Carlo模拟, PMF模型, 源解析, 健康风险评价

CLC Number:

X53
X820.4

SHI Wenjing, ZHOU Hanpeng, SUN Tao, HUANG Jintao, YANG Wenhuan, LI Weiping. Research on Priority Control Factors and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Around Mining Areas[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(8): 1616-1628.

石文静, 周翰鹏, 孙涛, 黄金涛, 杨文焕, 李卫平. 矿区周边土壤重金属污染优先控制因子及健康风险评价研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1616-1628.

Figures/Tables 19

References 44

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等级 Level	P_i	污染水平 Degree of pollution	P	污染等级 Pollution level
1	P_i≤1.0	未污染	P≤0.7	安全
2	1.0<P_i≤2.0	轻度污染	0.7<P≤1.0	警戒线
3	2.0<P_i≤3.0	中度污染	1.0<P≤2.0	轻度污染
4	P_i>3.0	重度污染	2.0<P≤3.0	中度污染
5	—	—	P>3	重度污染

等级 Level	P_i	污染水平 Degree of pollution	P	污染等级 Pollution level
1	P_i≤1.0	未污染	P≤0.7	安全
2	1.0<P_i≤2.0	轻度污染	0.7<P≤1.0	警戒线
3	2.0<P_i≤3.0	中度污染	1.0<P≤2.0	轻度污染
4	P_i>3.0	重度污染	2.0<P≤3.0	中度污染
5	—	—	P>3	重度污染

参数符号 Parameter notation	参数名称 (单位) Parameter name (unit)	取值 Value	文献 Literature
CS	土壤中的污染物含量/(mg∙kg^-1)	—	本研究
IR	土壤摄入率/(mg∙d^-1)	100 (成人), 200 (儿童)	陈神剑, 2020
AF	皮肤对土壤粘附因子/(mg∙cm^-2)	0.2	方晴等, 2021
TF	转换因子/(kg∙mg^-1)	10^-6	方晴等, 2021
EF	暴露频率/(d∙a^-1)	180	陈神剑, 2020
ED	暴露时间/a	24 (成人), 6 (儿童)	陈神剑, 2020
BW	平均体质量/kg	62 (成人), 儿童 (15.9)	陈神剑, 2020

参数符号 Parameter notation	参数名称 (单位) Parameter name (unit)	取值 Value	文献 Literature
CS	土壤中的污染物含量/(mg∙kg^-1)	—	本研究
IR	土壤摄入率/(mg∙d^-1)	100 (成人), 200 (儿童)	陈神剑, 2020
AF	皮肤对土壤粘附因子/(mg∙cm^-2)	0.2	方晴等, 2021
TF	转换因子/(kg∙mg^-1)	10^-6	方晴等, 2021
EF	暴露频率/(d∙a^-1)	180	陈神剑, 2020
ED	暴露时间/a	24 (成人), 6 (儿童)	陈神剑, 2020
BW	平均体质量/kg	62 (成人), 儿童 (15.9)	陈神剑, 2020

项目 Project	As	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cd	Ni	Cr
RfDS	3.00×10^-3	4.00×10^-2	3.50×10^-3	3.00×10^-1	1.00×10^-3	2.00×10^-2	1.50×10⁰
RfDd	3.83×10^-6	1.20×10^-2	5.20×10^-3	6.00×10^-2	2.50×10^-5	8.00×10^-4	1.95×10^-2
SFS	1.51×10¹	—	—	—	6.30×10⁰	8.40×10^-1	4.20×10¹
SFd	1.50×10⁰	—	—	—	6.10×10⁰	—	2.00×10¹

Research on Priority Control Factors and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Pollution in Soil Around Mining Areas

矿区周边土壤重金属污染优先控制因子及健康风险评价研究

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统计值 Statistics	重金属含量 Heavy metal content
统计值 Statistics	As	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cd	Ni	Cr
最大值 Maximum value/(mg∙kg^-1)	98.90	2202.00	1956.00	333.00	1.84	122.00	108.00
最小值 Minimum value/(mg∙kg^-1)	2.26	17.80	16.60	45.50	0.08	8.54	37.40
平均值 Average value/(mg∙kg^-1)	23.77	254.20	193.84	111.48	0.31	27.78	58.19
中值 Median/(mg∙kg^-1)	12.10	44.10	28.40	77.60	0.17	24.70	59.00
标准偏差 Standard deviation	23.96	459.54	392.20	73.54	0.37	19.91	14.83
峰度 Kurtosis	2.97	10.91	14.04	2.00	10.09	17.30	4.02
（GB 15618—2018）风险筛选值 (GB15618—2018) Risk screening value/(mg∙kg^-1)	25.00	100.00	170.00	300.00	0.60	190.00	250.00

污染等级 Pollution level	As	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cd	Ni	Cr
未污染 Uncontaminated	25.60%	0.00%	49.00%	99.50%	68.60%	99.90%	100.00%
轻度污染 Light pollution	43.00%	59.20%	42.50%	0.50%	30.90%	0.01%	0.00%
中度污染 Moderately pollution	21.90%	17.20%	6.90%	0.00%	0.40%	0.00%	0.00%

单因子指数 One-Factor Index	As	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cd	Ni	Cr	综合污染指数 Comprehensive pollution index
最大值 Maximum value	3.95	22.02	11.51	1.11	3.06	0.64	0.43	—
平均值 Average value	0.95	2.54	1.14	0.37	0.51	0.15	0.23	15.60

重金属 Heavy metal	As	Cu	Pb	Zn	Cd	Ni	Cr
As	1
Cu	0.593**	1
Pb	0.682**	0.341	1
Zn	0.584**	0.764**	0.528**	1
Cd	0.193	0.457**	0.151	0.814**	1
Ni	-0.381*	-0.225	-0.310	0.214	0.636**	1
Cr	-0.505**	-0.156	-0.402*	0.040	0.349	0.755**	1

重金属 Heavy metal	r²	斜率 Slope	截距 Intercept
As	0.751	0.652	5.533
Cu	0.989	0.919	11.14
Pb	0.999	0.982	1.993
Zn	0.902	0.817	14.83
Cd	0.867	0.878	0.007
Ni	0.984	1.009	-0.773
Cr	0.942	0.928	3.900

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