Ecology and Environment ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 794-804.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.017
• Research Articles • Previous Articles Next Articles
CHEN Minyi1(), ZHU Hanghai2, SHE Weiduo1, YIN Guangcai2, HUANG Zuzhao1, YANG Qiaoling1,*
Received:
2022-10-13
Online:
2023-04-18
Published:
2023-07-12
Contact:
YANG Qiaoling
陈敏毅1(), 朱航海2, 佘伟铎1, 尹光彩2, 黄祖照1, 杨巧玲1,*
通讯作者:
杨巧玲
作者简介:
陈敏毅(1971年生),男,高级工程师,研究方向为环境管理、土壤污染防治。E-mail: 13922231391@163.com
基金资助:
CLC Number:
CHEN Minyi, ZHU Hanghai, SHE Weiduo, YIN Guangcai, HUANG Zuzhao, YANG Qiaoling. Health Risk Assessment and Source Apportionment of Soil Heavy Metals at A Legacy Shipyard Site in Pearl River Delta[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(4): 794-804.
陈敏毅, 朱航海, 佘伟铎, 尹光彩, 黄祖照, 杨巧玲. 珠三角某遗留造船厂场地土壤重金属人体健康风险评估及源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(4): 794-804.
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URL: https://www.jeesci.com/EN/10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.04.017
参数 | 单位 | 儿童 | 成人 |
---|---|---|---|
暴露频率 (F) | d∙a−1 | 180 | |
口腔摄入速率 (Ri) | mg∙d−1 | 100 | 200 |
皮肤接触速率 (S) | mg∙cm−2 | 0.200 | |
呼吸吸入速率 (Rn) | m3∙d−1 | 7.63 | 14.7 |
暴露时间 (t) | a | 6 | 24 |
重金属排放因子 (p) | m3∙kg | 1.36×109 | 1.36×109 |
平均体质量 (m) | kg | 15.9 | 62.0 |
接触污染土壤的 平均暴露时间 (d) | d | 365×t (非致癌) 365×70 (致癌) | |
暴露的皮肤面积 (G) | cm2 | 2.80×103 | 1.60×104 |
皮肤吸收系数 (E) | ‒ | 0.001 (非致癌) 0.01 (致癌) |
Table 1 Parameter values of the model for probabilistic risk assessment
参数 | 单位 | 儿童 | 成人 |
---|---|---|---|
暴露频率 (F) | d∙a−1 | 180 | |
口腔摄入速率 (Ri) | mg∙d−1 | 100 | 200 |
皮肤接触速率 (S) | mg∙cm−2 | 0.200 | |
呼吸吸入速率 (Rn) | m3∙d−1 | 7.63 | 14.7 |
暴露时间 (t) | a | 6 | 24 |
重金属排放因子 (p) | m3∙kg | 1.36×109 | 1.36×109 |
平均体质量 (m) | kg | 15.9 | 62.0 |
接触污染土壤的 平均暴露时间 (d) | d | 365×t (非致癌) 365×70 (致癌) | |
暴露的皮肤面积 (G) | cm2 | 2.80×103 | 1.60×104 |
皮肤吸收系数 (E) | ‒ | 0.001 (非致癌) 0.01 (致癌) |
重金属 | Rf/(mg∙kg−1∙d−1 | Sf/(kg∙d∙mg−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
口腔 摄入 | 呼吸 吸入 | 皮肤 接触 | 口腔 摄入 | 呼吸吸入 | 皮肤接触 | ||
Cu | 4.00×10−2 | 4.02×10−2 | 1.20×10−2 | ‒ 1) | ‒ | ‒ | |
Ni | 2.00×10−2 | 2.06×10−2 | 5.40×10−3 | ‒ | 0.84 | ‒ | |
Pb | 3.50×10−3 | 3.52×10−3 | 5.25×10−4 | 8.50×10−3 | - | ‒ | |
Cd | 1.00×10−3 | 1.00×10−5 | 1.00×10−5 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 20.0 | |
As | 3.00×10−4 | 1.23×10−4 | 1.23×10−4 | 1.50 | 15.1 | 3.66 | |
Hg | 3.00×10−4 | 8.57×10−5 | 2.10×10−5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
Table 2 Corresponding reference dose (Rf) and slope factors (Sf)
重金属 | Rf/(mg∙kg−1∙d−1 | Sf/(kg∙d∙mg−1) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
口腔 摄入 | 呼吸 吸入 | 皮肤 接触 | 口腔 摄入 | 呼吸吸入 | 皮肤接触 | ||
Cu | 4.00×10−2 | 4.02×10−2 | 1.20×10−2 | ‒ 1) | ‒ | ‒ | |
Ni | 2.00×10−2 | 2.06×10−2 | 5.40×10−3 | ‒ | 0.84 | ‒ | |
Pb | 3.50×10−3 | 3.52×10−3 | 5.25×10−4 | 8.50×10−3 | - | ‒ | |
Cd | 1.00×10−3 | 1.00×10−5 | 1.00×10−5 | 6.10 | 6.30 | 20.0 | |
As | 3.00×10−4 | 1.23×10−4 | 1.23×10−4 | 1.50 | 15.1 | 3.66 | |
Hg | 3.00×10−4 | 8.57×10−5 | 2.10×10−5 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
重金属 | 最小值/(mg∙kg−1) | 最大值/(mg∙kg−1) | 均值/(mg∙kg−1) | 标准偏差 | 偏度 | 峰度 | 变异系数/% | 一类建设用地风险筛选值/(mg∙kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu | 8.00 | 1.39×103 | 1.02×102 | 1.86×102 | 5.45 | 33.6 | 1.82 | 2.00×103 |
Pb | 14.6 | 4.70×103 | 2.19×102 | 4.53×102 | 6.64 | 58.3 | 2.07 | 4.00×102 |
Zn | 19.0 | 7.48×103 | 3.84×102 | 7.59×102 | 6.48 | 52.5 | 1.98 | 1.50×104 |
Cd | 0.01 | 16.6 | 0.59 | 1.34 | 10.3 | 12.1 | 2.27 | 20.0 |
Ni | 4.0 | 79.0 | 18.7 | 11.1 | 2.56 | 9.33 | 0.60 | 11.5×102 |
Cr | 5.00 | 2.40×102 | 55.9 | 36.7 | 2.81 | 12.0 | 0.55 | 7.51×104 |
Hg | 0.016 | 14.4 | 0.67 | 1.59 | 7.39 | 60.3 | 2.37 | 8.00 |
As | 0.21 | 1.10×102 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 4.14 | 22.0 | 1.14 | 60.0 |
pH | 5.35 | 11.9 | 8.47 | 0.94 | −0.08 | 1.52 | 0.11 | ‒ |
Table 3 Descriptive statistics mass fraction of soil heavy metals
重金属 | 最小值/(mg∙kg−1) | 最大值/(mg∙kg−1) | 均值/(mg∙kg−1) | 标准偏差 | 偏度 | 峰度 | 变异系数/% | 一类建设用地风险筛选值/(mg∙kg−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cu | 8.00 | 1.39×103 | 1.02×102 | 1.86×102 | 5.45 | 33.6 | 1.82 | 2.00×103 |
Pb | 14.6 | 4.70×103 | 2.19×102 | 4.53×102 | 6.64 | 58.3 | 2.07 | 4.00×102 |
Zn | 19.0 | 7.48×103 | 3.84×102 | 7.59×102 | 6.48 | 52.5 | 1.98 | 1.50×104 |
Cd | 0.01 | 16.6 | 0.59 | 1.34 | 10.3 | 12.1 | 2.27 | 20.0 |
Ni | 4.0 | 79.0 | 18.7 | 11.1 | 2.56 | 9.33 | 0.60 | 11.5×102 |
Cr | 5.00 | 2.40×102 | 55.9 | 36.7 | 2.81 | 12.0 | 0.55 | 7.51×104 |
Hg | 0.016 | 14.4 | 0.67 | 1.59 | 7.39 | 60.3 | 2.37 | 8.00 |
As | 0.21 | 1.10×102 | 12.6 | 14.4 | 4.14 | 22.0 | 1.14 | 60.0 |
pH | 5.35 | 11.9 | 8.47 | 0.94 | −0.08 | 1.52 | 0.11 | ‒ |
项目 | 人群 | As | Cd | Cu | Pb | Hg | Ni | Zn | Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
口服 摄入 | 儿童 | 0.261 | 3.66×10−3 | 1.59×10−2 | 0.389 | 1.38×10−2 | 5.79×10−3 | 7.93×10−3 | 0.115 |
成人 | 3.34×10−2 | 4.70×10−4 | 2.03×10−3 | 4.99×10−2 | 1.77×10−3 | 7.43×10−4 | 1.02×10−3 | 1.48×10−2 | |
皮肤 接触 | 儿童 | 1.78×10−3 | 1.03×10−3 | 1.48×10−4 | 7.26×10−3 | 5.52×10−4 | 6.01×10−5 | 1.11×10−4 | 1.62×10−2 |
成人 | 2.61×10−3 | 1.50×10−3 | 2.17×10−4 | 1.06×10−2 | 8.09×10−4 | 8.80×10−5 | 1.63×10−4 | 2.37×10−2 | |
呼吸 吸入 | 儿童 | 1.78×10−5 | 1.03×10−5 | 4.43×10−7 | 1.08×10−5 | 1.36×10−6 | 1.58×10−7 | 2.22×10−7 | 3.40×10−4 |
成人 | 8.82×10−6 | 5.08×10−6 | 2.19×10−7 | 5.36×10−6 | 6.70×10−7 | 7.79×10−8 | 1.10×10−7 | 1.68×10−4 | |
各重金属非致癌 风险 (Hq) | 儿童 | 0.263 | 4.70×10−3 | 1.60×10−2 | 0.396 | 1.44×10−2 | 5.85×10−3 | 8.04×10−3 | 0.132 |
成人 | 3.61×10−2 | 1.98×10−3 | 2.25×10−3 | 6.05×10−2 | 2.58×10−3 | 8.31×10−4 | 1.18×10−3 | 3.87×10−2 | |
非致癌 风险 (Hi) | 儿童 | 0.840 | |||||||
成人 | 0.144 |
Table 4 Human non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals
项目 | 人群 | As | Cd | Cu | Pb | Hg | Ni | Zn | Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
口服 摄入 | 儿童 | 0.261 | 3.66×10−3 | 1.59×10−2 | 0.389 | 1.38×10−2 | 5.79×10−3 | 7.93×10−3 | 0.115 |
成人 | 3.34×10−2 | 4.70×10−4 | 2.03×10−3 | 4.99×10−2 | 1.77×10−3 | 7.43×10−4 | 1.02×10−3 | 1.48×10−2 | |
皮肤 接触 | 儿童 | 1.78×10−3 | 1.03×10−3 | 1.48×10−4 | 7.26×10−3 | 5.52×10−4 | 6.01×10−5 | 1.11×10−4 | 1.62×10−2 |
成人 | 2.61×10−3 | 1.50×10−3 | 2.17×10−4 | 1.06×10−2 | 8.09×10−4 | 8.80×10−5 | 1.63×10−4 | 2.37×10−2 | |
呼吸 吸入 | 儿童 | 1.78×10−5 | 1.03×10−5 | 4.43×10−7 | 1.08×10−5 | 1.36×10−6 | 1.58×10−7 | 2.22×10−7 | 3.40×10−4 |
成人 | 8.82×10−6 | 5.08×10−6 | 2.19×10−7 | 5.36×10−6 | 6.70×10−7 | 7.79×10−8 | 1.10×10−7 | 1.68×10−4 | |
各重金属非致癌 风险 (Hq) | 儿童 | 0.263 | 4.70×10−3 | 1.60×10−2 | 0.396 | 1.44×10−2 | 5.85×10−3 | 8.04×10−3 | 0.132 |
成人 | 3.61×10−2 | 1.98×10−3 | 2.25×10−3 | 6.05×10−2 | 2.58×10−3 | 8.31×10−4 | 1.18×10−3 | 3.87×10−2 | |
非致癌 风险 (Hi) | 儿童 | 0.840 | |||||||
成人 | 0.144 |
项目 | 人群 | As | Cd | Pb | Ni | Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
口服摄入 | 儿童 | 1.01×10−5 | 1.92×10−6 | 9.92×10−7 | 0.00 | 2.52×10−7 |
成人 | 1.51×10−5 | 2.87×10−6 | 1.48×10−6 | 0.00 | 3.78×10−7 | |
皮肤接触 | 儿童 | 6.87×10−8 | 1.76×10−8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
成人 | 4.03×10−7 | 1.03×10−7 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | |
呼吸吸入 | 儿童 | 2.84×10−9 | 5.55×10−11 | ‒ | 2.34×10−10 | 3.50×10−8 |
成人 | 5.61×10−9 | 1.10×10−10 | ‒ | 4.62×10−10 | 6.91×10−8 | |
各重金属 致癌风险 (CR) | 儿童 | 1.01×10−5 | 1.93×10−6 | 9.92×10−7 | 2.34×10−10 | 2.87×10−7 |
成人 | 1.55×10−5 | 2.97×10−6 | 1.48×10−6 | 4.62×10−10 | 4.47×10−7 | |
总致癌 风险 (TCR) | 儿童 | 1.33×10−5 | ||||
成人 | 2.04×10−5 |
Table 5 Human carcinogenic health risk assessment of heavy metals
项目 | 人群 | As | Cd | Pb | Ni | Cr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
口服摄入 | 儿童 | 1.01×10−5 | 1.92×10−6 | 9.92×10−7 | 0.00 | 2.52×10−7 |
成人 | 1.51×10−5 | 2.87×10−6 | 1.48×10−6 | 0.00 | 3.78×10−7 | |
皮肤接触 | 儿童 | 6.87×10−8 | 1.76×10−8 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ |
成人 | 4.03×10−7 | 1.03×10−7 | ‒ | ‒ | ‒ | |
呼吸吸入 | 儿童 | 2.84×10−9 | 5.55×10−11 | ‒ | 2.34×10−10 | 3.50×10−8 |
成人 | 5.61×10−9 | 1.10×10−10 | ‒ | 4.62×10−10 | 6.91×10−8 | |
各重金属 致癌风险 (CR) | 儿童 | 1.01×10−5 | 1.93×10−6 | 9.92×10−7 | 2.34×10−10 | 2.87×10−7 |
成人 | 1.55×10−5 | 2.97×10−6 | 1.48×10−6 | 4.62×10−10 | 4.47×10−7 | |
总致癌 风险 (TCR) | 儿童 | 1.33×10−5 | ||||
成人 | 2.04×10−5 |
成分 | 初始特征值 | 提取载荷平方和 | 旋转载荷平方和 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总计 | 方差百分比/% | 累积/% | 总计 | 方差百分比/% | 累积/% | 总计 | 方差百分比/% | 累积/% | |||
1 | 3.07 | 38.3 | 830 | 3.07 | 38.3 | 38.3 | 2.35 | 29.3 | 29.3 | ||
2 | 1.24 | 15.5 | 53.9 | 1.24 | 15.5 | 53.9 | 1.79 | 22.4 | 51.7 | ||
3 | 1.14 | 14.2 | 68.1 | 1.14 | 14.2 | 68.1 | 1.31 | 16.4 | 68.1 | ||
4 | 0.936 | 11.7 | 79.8 | ||||||||
5 | 0.629 | 7.86 | 87.6 | ||||||||
6 | 0.553 | 6.91 | 94.6 | ||||||||
7 | 0.253 | 3.18 | 97.7 | ||||||||
8 | 0.183 | 2.29 | 100 |
Table 6 Principal component analysis of different heavy metals
成分 | 初始特征值 | 提取载荷平方和 | 旋转载荷平方和 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
总计 | 方差百分比/% | 累积/% | 总计 | 方差百分比/% | 累积/% | 总计 | 方差百分比/% | 累积/% | |||
1 | 3.07 | 38.3 | 830 | 3.07 | 38.3 | 38.3 | 2.35 | 29.3 | 29.3 | ||
2 | 1.24 | 15.5 | 53.9 | 1.24 | 15.5 | 53.9 | 1.79 | 22.4 | 51.7 | ||
3 | 1.14 | 14.2 | 68.1 | 1.14 | 14.2 | 68.1 | 1.31 | 16.4 | 68.1 | ||
4 | 0.936 | 11.7 | 79.8 | ||||||||
5 | 0.629 | 7.86 | 87.6 | ||||||||
6 | 0.553 | 6.91 | 94.6 | ||||||||
7 | 0.253 | 3.18 | 97.7 | ||||||||
8 | 0.183 | 2.29 | 100 |
重金属 | 初始因子载荷 | 旋转后因子载荷 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | ||
Cu | 0.812 | 0.228 | −0.223 | 0.834 | 0.208 | 0.148 | |
Pb | 0.526 | 0.326 | 0.486 | 0.305 | 0.162 | 0.707 | |
Zn | 0.797 | 0.286 | −0.349 | 0.906 | 0.121 | 6.60×10−2 | |
Cd | 0.514 | −0.010 | 0.156 | 0.325 | 0.332 | 0.268 | |
Ni | 0.657 | −0.612 | 0.242 | 0.163 | 0.911 | 9.40×10−2 | |
Cr | 0.578 | −0.645 | 0.136 | 0.139 | 0.865 | −3.10×10−2 | |
Hg | 0.137 | 0.409 | 0.725 | −8.40×10−2 | −5.60×10−2 | 0.838 | |
As | 0.670 | 0.209 | −0.318 | 0.761 | 0.119 | 2.00×10−2 |
Table 7 Loading of different factors in soil
重金属 | 初始因子载荷 | 旋转后因子载荷 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | PC1 | PC2 | PC3 | ||
Cu | 0.812 | 0.228 | −0.223 | 0.834 | 0.208 | 0.148 | |
Pb | 0.526 | 0.326 | 0.486 | 0.305 | 0.162 | 0.707 | |
Zn | 0.797 | 0.286 | −0.349 | 0.906 | 0.121 | 6.60×10−2 | |
Cd | 0.514 | −0.010 | 0.156 | 0.325 | 0.332 | 0.268 | |
Ni | 0.657 | −0.612 | 0.242 | 0.163 | 0.911 | 9.40×10−2 | |
Cr | 0.578 | −0.645 | 0.136 | 0.139 | 0.865 | −3.10×10−2 | |
Hg | 0.137 | 0.409 | 0.725 | −8.40×10−2 | −5.60×10−2 | 0.838 | |
As | 0.670 | 0.209 | −0.318 | 0.761 | 0.119 | 2.00×10−2 |
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