松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性剖面分布特征及其微生物养分限制指示作用

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.12.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (12): 2141-2153.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.12.006

松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性剖面分布特征及其微生物养分限制指示作用

袁佳宝¹^,²(), 宋艳宇¹^,^*(), 刘桢迪¹^,², 朱梦圆¹^,², 程小峰¹, 马秀艳¹, 陈宁¹, 李晓宇¹

1.中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室，吉林长春 130102
2.中国科学院大学资源与环境学院，北京 100049

收稿日期:2022-12-13 出版日期:2023-12-18 发布日期:2024-02-05
通讯作者: *宋艳宇。E-mail: songyanyu@iga.ac.cn
作者简介:袁佳宝（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，从事湿地土壤生态研究。Email: yuanjiabao21@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210101091JC);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20230101090JC);国家自然科学基金项目(42271109);“一带一路”国际科学组织联盟专题联盟(ANSO-PA-2020-14)

Profile Distribution Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activity and Its Indicative Function of Microbial Nutrient Restriction in Reed Wetlands of Songnen Plain

YUAN Jiabao¹^,²(), SONG Yanyu¹^,^*(), LIU Zhendi¹^,², ZHU Mengyuan¹^,², CHENG Xiaofeng¹, MA Xiuyan¹, CHEN Ning¹, LI Xiaoyu¹

1. Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, P. R. China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, School of Resources and Environment, Beijing 100040, P. R. China

Received:2022-12-13 Online:2023-12-18 Published:2024-02-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤酶的催化作用是土壤有机质分解的限制性步骤，控制着湿地生态系统的物质循环。为揭示松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性剖面分布特征，于2021年8月采集扎龙、莫莫格、牛心套保和向海芦苇湿地0－15、15－30、30－45、45－60、60－75 cm土壤样品，分析土壤碳、氮、磷循环相关的酶活性剖面分布特征及其主要影响因子。结果表明：不同湿地土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶（BG）、纤维二糖水解酶（CBH）、β-1,4-N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶（NAG）、酸性磷酸酶（AP）和多酚氧化酶活性（PPO）均随土壤深度增加逐渐降低，表层（0－15、15－30 cm）土壤酶活性均显著高于深层（45－60、60－75 cm）。随着土壤深度的增加，各湿地土壤C꞉N酶化学计量比整体呈现逐渐升高的趋势，而土壤N꞉P酶化学计量比呈逐渐降低的趋势。冗余分析发现，土壤总磷、含水率、总碳和溶解性有机碳是影响松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比的关键因子。通过皮尔森相关性分析，进一步验证得知土壤C꞉N、N꞉P与土壤C꞉N和N꞉P酶化学计量比呈显著正相关，然而，土壤pH与BG、NAG和PPO活性显著负相关。土壤酶化学计量比的矢量分析和土壤碳、氮、磷化学计量比的阈值分析均表明松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤氮元素含量相对较低，微生物存在一定程度的氮限制，且随土壤深度增加，氮限制逐渐加剧。该研究明确了松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性剖面分布特征及酶化学计量比对微生物养分限制的指示作用，为明确湿地土壤碳、氮、磷循环过程及养分调控提供了重要的科学依据。

关键词: 土壤理化性质, 土壤酶活性, 剖面分布, 土壤酶化学计量比, 矢量分析

Abstract:

The catalysis of soil enzymes is the limiting step of soil organic matter decomposition and controls the material circulation of wetland ecosystem. The objective of this study was to reveal the profile distribution characteristics of soil enzyme activity in reed wetlands of Songnen Plain. Soil samples from 0-15 cm, 15-30 cm, 30-45 cm, 45-60 cm and 60-75 cm were collected in Zhalong, Momoge, Niuxintaobao and Xianghai reed wetlands in August 2021. The activities of soil enzyme related to carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles and their main impact factors were analyzed. The results showed that, the activities of soil polyphenol oxidase (PPO), β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), β-1,4-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG) and acid phosphatase (AP) decreased with the increases of soil depth in different wetlands. Enzyme activities in the surface layer soil (0-15 cm, 15-30 cm) were significantly higher than those in the deep layer soil (45-60 cm, 60-75 cm). Redundancy analysis showed soil total phosphorus, water content, total carbon and dissolved organic carbon were the key factors affecting soil enzyme activity and enzyme stoichiometric ratio. Pearson correlation analysis further verified that there was a significant correlation between soil enzyme stoichiometric ratios and soil carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus stoichiometric ratios. Soil pH was negatively correlated with soil BG, NAG and PPO activities (P<0.01). In addition, vector analysis of soil enzyme stoichiometric ratio and threshold analysis of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometric ratio showed that there was relatively low nitrogen content in soil of reed wetland in Songnen Plain and there was a certain degree of nitrogen limitation of microorganisms. Moreover, the nitrogen limitation gradually exacerbated with the increase of soil depth. In this study, it was clarified that the profile distribution characteristic of soil enzyme activities and the indicator effect of enzyme stoichiometric ratio on microbial nutrient restriction in reed wetlands of Songnen Plain. It provided an important scientific basis for clarifying the soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycling process and nutrient regulation of wetland.

Key words: soil physicochemical properties, soil enzyme activity, profile distribution, enzyme stoichiometric ratio, vector analysis

中图分类号:

袁佳宝, 宋艳宇, 刘桢迪, 朱梦圆, 程小峰, 马秀艳, 陈宁, 李晓宇. 松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性剖面分布特征及其微生物养分限制指示作用[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(12): 2141-2153.

YUAN Jiabao, SONG Yanyu, LIU Zhendi, ZHU Mengyuan, CHENG Xiaofeng, MA Xiuyan, CHEN Ning, LI Xiaoyu. Profile Distribution Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activity and Its Indicative Function of Microbial Nutrient Restriction in Reed Wetlands of Songnen Plain[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(12): 2141-2153.

图/表 10

参考文献 63

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因子	土壤酶	df	F	P
采样地点	酸性磷酸酶 (AP) β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 (BG) 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) 纤维二糖水解酶 (CBH) 多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	3 3 3 3 3	1.62×10³ 0.111×10³ 0.313×10³ 20.4 0.870×10³	P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001
土壤深度	酸性磷酸酶 (AP) β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 (BG) 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) 纤维二糖水解酶 (CBH) 多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	4 4 4 4 4	1.270×10³ 0.201×10³ 0.375×10³ 0.205×10³ 0.631×10³	P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001
采样地点× 土壤深度	酸性磷酸酶 (AP) β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 (BG) 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) 纤维二糖水解酶 (CBH) 多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	12 12 12 12 12	83.3 63.8 10.8 3.93 30.9	P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P=0.001 P<0.001

因子	土壤酶	df	F	P
采样地点	酸性磷酸酶 (AP) β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 (BG) 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) 纤维二糖水解酶 (CBH) 多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	3 3 3 3 3	1.62×10³ 0.111×10³ 0.313×10³ 20.4 0.870×10³	P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001
土壤深度	酸性磷酸酶 (AP) β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 (BG) 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) 纤维二糖水解酶 (CBH) 多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	4 4 4 4 4	1.270×10³ 0.201×10³ 0.375×10³ 0.205×10³ 0.631×10³	P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001
采样地点× 土壤深度	酸性磷酸酶 (AP) β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶 (BG) 乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶 (NAG) 纤维二糖水解酶 (CBH) 多酚氧化酶 (PPO)	12 12 12 12 12	83.3 63.8 10.8 3.93 30.9	P<0.001 P<0.001 P<0.001 P=0.001 P<0.001

采样点	剖面深度/cm	w_(TC)/ (g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(DOC)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(SON)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(TP)/ (g∙kg⁻¹)	SWC	pH	C꞉N	C꞉P	N꞉P
ZL	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	31.3±0.52a 29.4±0.71b 22.3±0.75c 21.4±0.69c 18.1±0.49d	103.4±6.61a 69.7±6.22b 38.2±0.09c 39.1±5.23c 47.1±1.31c	1.49×10³±3.72a 1.15×10³±118.7b 0.957×10³±28.6c 0.778×10³±47.3d 0.454×10³±13.1e	0.411×10³±7.50a 0.329×10³±32.6b 0.272×10³±36.1c 0.232×10³±9.62c 0.109×10³±18.1d	0.17±0.02a 0.15±0.01a 0.18±0.04a 0.15±0.00a 0.14±0.00a	9.70±0.09a 9.56±0.13a 9.72±0.07a 9.57±0.07a 9.60±0.04a	21.0±0.23d 25.6±1.81bc 23.2±0.80cd 27.4±0.46bc 39.7±1.19a	76.1±0.99b 90.1±6.65b 82.9±6.21b 92.5±0.79b 170.7±19.4a	3.63±0.07ab 3.52±0.22b 3.57±0.39ab 3.37±0.07b 4.28±0.63a
MMG	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	24.7±2.94a 18.0±0.36b 10.8±0.61c 5.22±1.75d 3.22±0.33d	140.1±3.59a 40.8±3.55b 55.2±3.81c 95.0±1.93b 83.6±1.04b	0.975×10³±85.6a 0.831×10³±40.0b 0.567×10³±39.6c 0.429×10³±29.4d 0.281×10³±22.5e	0.300×10³±10.1a 0.265×10³±1.56b 0.229×10³±13.9c 0.207×10³±10.2d 0.157×10³±9.28e	0.20±0.01a 0.18±0.00bc 0.21±0.01a 0.20±0.01ab 0.18±0.00c	9.26±0.02a 9.19±0.02a 9.11±0.13a 9.20±0.10a 9.23±0.03a	25.2±0.52a 21.7±0.81ab 19.0±1.19b 12.0±1.89c 11.5±0.89d	3.26±0.26a 3.14±0.14a 2.48±0.14b 2.08±0.19c 1.80±0.21c	3.26±0.26a 3.14±0.14a 2.48±0.14b 2.08±0.19c 1.80±0.21c
XH	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	22.2±0.31a 20.1±0.75ab 20.0±0.49b 18.1±0.87b 15.5±1.93c	170.1±28.0a 114.7±7.22b 55.2±3.81c 64.1±4.11c 87.2±0.92bc	0.643×10³±43.2a 0.440×10³±14.5b 0.329×10³±11.3c 0.347×10³±61.5bc 0.214×10³±89.2d	0.195×10³±7.96a 0.155×10³±2.53b 82.5±5.05c 72.3±3.80d 65.8±1.57d	0.24±0.00a 0.22±0.01a 0.21±0.01b 0.21±0.01ab 0.18±0.01b	9.54±0.03a 9.42±0.20a 9.55±0.08a 9.53±0.07a 9.49±0.08a	34.4±1.27b 45.3±1.25ab 60.3±1.97ab 52.8±5.21ab 85.0±28.3a	3.32±0.16b 2.86±0.14b 4.04±0.31ab 4.85±0.82a 3.27±1.30b	3.32±0.16b 2.86±0.14b 4.04±0.31ab 4.85±0.82a 3.27±1.30b
NXTB	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	12.0±0.34a 5.60±1.14b 4.72±0.24bc 3.71±0.21cd 2.86±0.30d	126.8±1.15a 81.5±6.90b 65.7±0.58c 81.0±2.74b 57.1±2.42c	0.640×10³±30.5a 0.496×10³±14.1b 0.492×10³±22.2b 0.475×10³±37.8b 0.369×10³±41.2c	0.112×10³±6.88a 78.1±6.26b 63.1±7.46c 52.6±1.56cd 48.2±2.81d	0.20±0.00b 0.20±0.01ab 0.21±0.00ab 0.22±0.01a 0.21±0.01ab	8.98±0.11c 9.09±0.02bc 9.11±0.04bc 9.15±0.08ab 9.26±0.01a	18.6±0.53a 11.2±2.08bc 9.55±0.91a 7.82±1.02ab 7.77±1.41c	5.77±0.59c 6.44±0.70bc 7.95±1.20ab 9.08±0.46a 7.76±1.30ab	5.77±0.59c 6.44±0.70bc 7.95±1.20ab 9.08±0.46a 7.76±1.30ab

采样点	剖面深度/cm	w_(TC)/ (g∙kg⁻¹)	w_(DOC)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(SON)/ (mg∙kg⁻¹)	w_(TP)/ (g∙kg⁻¹)	SWC	pH	C꞉N	C꞉P	N꞉P
ZL	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	31.3±0.52a 29.4±0.71b 22.3±0.75c 21.4±0.69c 18.1±0.49d	103.4±6.61a 69.7±6.22b 38.2±0.09c 39.1±5.23c 47.1±1.31c	1.49×10³±3.72a 1.15×10³±118.7b 0.957×10³±28.6c 0.778×10³±47.3d 0.454×10³±13.1e	0.411×10³±7.50a 0.329×10³±32.6b 0.272×10³±36.1c 0.232×10³±9.62c 0.109×10³±18.1d	0.17±0.02a 0.15±0.01a 0.18±0.04a 0.15±0.00a 0.14±0.00a	9.70±0.09a 9.56±0.13a 9.72±0.07a 9.57±0.07a 9.60±0.04a	21.0±0.23d 25.6±1.81bc 23.2±0.80cd 27.4±0.46bc 39.7±1.19a	76.1±0.99b 90.1±6.65b 82.9±6.21b 92.5±0.79b 170.7±19.4a	3.63±0.07ab 3.52±0.22b 3.57±0.39ab 3.37±0.07b 4.28±0.63a
MMG	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	24.7±2.94a 18.0±0.36b 10.8±0.61c 5.22±1.75d 3.22±0.33d	140.1±3.59a 40.8±3.55b 55.2±3.81c 95.0±1.93b 83.6±1.04b	0.975×10³±85.6a 0.831×10³±40.0b 0.567×10³±39.6c 0.429×10³±29.4d 0.281×10³±22.5e	0.300×10³±10.1a 0.265×10³±1.56b 0.229×10³±13.9c 0.207×10³±10.2d 0.157×10³±9.28e	0.20±0.01a 0.18±0.00bc 0.21±0.01a 0.20±0.01ab 0.18±0.00c	9.26±0.02a 9.19±0.02a 9.11±0.13a 9.20±0.10a 9.23±0.03a	25.2±0.52a 21.7±0.81ab 19.0±1.19b 12.0±1.89c 11.5±0.89d	3.26±0.26a 3.14±0.14a 2.48±0.14b 2.08±0.19c 1.80±0.21c	3.26±0.26a 3.14±0.14a 2.48±0.14b 2.08±0.19c 1.80±0.21c
XH	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	22.2±0.31a 20.1±0.75ab 20.0±0.49b 18.1±0.87b 15.5±1.93c	170.1±28.0a 114.7±7.22b 55.2±3.81c 64.1±4.11c 87.2±0.92bc	0.643×10³±43.2a 0.440×10³±14.5b 0.329×10³±11.3c 0.347×10³±61.5bc 0.214×10³±89.2d	0.195×10³±7.96a 0.155×10³±2.53b 82.5±5.05c 72.3±3.80d 65.8±1.57d	0.24±0.00a 0.22±0.01a 0.21±0.01b 0.21±0.01ab 0.18±0.01b	9.54±0.03a 9.42±0.20a 9.55±0.08a 9.53±0.07a 9.49±0.08a	34.4±1.27b 45.3±1.25ab 60.3±1.97ab 52.8±5.21ab 85.0±28.3a	3.32±0.16b 2.86±0.14b 4.04±0.31ab 4.85±0.82a 3.27±1.30b	3.32±0.16b 2.86±0.14b 4.04±0.31ab 4.85±0.82a 3.27±1.30b
NXTB	0-15 15-30 30-45 45-60 60-75	12.0±0.34a 5.60±1.14b 4.72±0.24bc 3.71±0.21cd 2.86±0.30d	126.8±1.15a 81.5±6.90b 65.7±0.58c 81.0±2.74b 57.1±2.42c	0.640×10³±30.5a 0.496×10³±14.1b 0.492×10³±22.2b 0.475×10³±37.8b 0.369×10³±41.2c	0.112×10³±6.88a 78.1±6.26b 63.1±7.46c 52.6±1.56cd 48.2±2.81d	0.20±0.00b 0.20±0.01ab 0.21±0.00ab 0.22±0.01a 0.21±0.01ab	8.98±0.11c 9.09±0.02bc 9.11±0.04bc 9.15±0.08ab 9.26±0.01a	18.6±0.53a 11.2±2.08bc 9.55±0.91a 7.82±1.02ab 7.77±1.41c	5.77±0.59c 6.44±0.70bc 7.95±1.20ab 9.08±0.46a 7.76±1.30ab	5.77±0.59c 6.44±0.70bc 7.95±1.20ab 9.08±0.46a 7.76±1.30ab

松嫩平原芦苇湿地土壤酶活性剖面分布特征及其微生物养分限制指示作用

Profile Distribution Characteristics of Soil Enzyme Activity and Its Indicative Function of Microbial Nutrient Restriction in Reed Wetlands of Songnen Plain

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