不同等级石漠化环境下人工乔木林的植被与土壤物理特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 52-61.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.007

不同等级石漠化环境下人工乔木林的植被与土壤物理特征

陈双双¹^,²(), 朱宁华¹^,^*(), 周光益²^,^*(), 袁星明¹^,², 尚海³, 王迤翾¹

1.中南林业科技大学,湖南长沙 410004
2.中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广东广州 510520
3.湘西自治州森林生态研究实验站,湖南永顺 416700

收稿日期:2021-08-10 出版日期:2022-01-18 发布日期:2022-03-10
通讯作者: 周光益,男,研究员,博士,研究方向为森林生态学。E-mail: cheersritf@163.com
*朱宁华,男,教授,博士,研究方向为石漠化生态治理和森林培育。E-mail: zhuninghua@yahoo.com;
周光益,男,研究员,博士,研究方向为森林生态学。E-mail: cheersritf@163.com
*朱宁华,男,教授,博士,研究方向为石漠化生态治理和森林培育。E-mail: zhuninghua@yahoo.com;
周光益,男,研究员,博士,研究方向为森林生态学。E-mail: cheersritf@163.com
*朱宁华,男,教授,博士,研究方向为石漠化生态治理和森林培育。E-mail: zhuninghua@yahoo.com;
作者简介:陈双双（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为石漠化生态治理。E-mail: csuft100004@126.com
基金资助:
中央级科研院所基本科研业务费重点项目(CAFYBB2019SZ003);中南林业科技大学研究生创新基金项目(CX20202002)

Vegetation and Soil Physical Characteristics of Artificial Arbor Forests under Different Grades of Rocky Desertification

CHEN Shuangshuang¹^,²(), ZHU Ninghua¹^,^*(), ZHOU Guangyi²^,^*(), YUAN Xingming¹^,², SHANG Hai³, WANG Yixuan¹

1. Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha 410004, P. R. China
2. Research Institute of Tropical Forestry, CAF, Guangzhou 510520, P. R. China
3. Forest Ecology Research Experimental Station of Xiangxi Autonomous Prefecture, Yongshun 416700, P. R. China

Received:2021-08-10 Online:2022-01-18 Published:2022-03-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前石漠化地区的植被恢复是生态系统研究的一大难题。以武陵山石漠化综合治理国家长期科研基地人工林为研究区,通过野外踏查选定樟树-马尾松人工林为研究对象,采用单因素方差分析、相关性分析和主成分分析相结合的方法,研究该地区樟树Cinnamomum camphora-马尾松Pinus massoniana林在无石漠化、轻度石漠化、中度石漠化和强度石漠化4种等级石漠化环境下的植被特征、土壤物理特征以及两者之间的关系,以期探寻不同等级石漠化环境下人工林植被和土壤物理性质的变化规律,为该地区生态恢复和石漠化治理提供理论依据。结果显示,（1）4种等级石漠化环境的物种多样性指数存在显著差异,均匀度与丰富度指数随石漠化等级的增加而逐渐减小。（2）草本层植物共有24科35属36种,以禾本科、菊科为主;灌木层植物共有28科43属47种,以蔷薇科为主;乔木层植物共有13科13属13种,以樟科为主,物种相对丰富。同一物种对不同等级石漠化环境的适应性差异显著,蔷薇科植物可作为石漠化等级的区分指标。（3）同一石漠化环境下,除土壤容重外,土壤自然含水量、田间持水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度、非毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度、土壤通气度等土壤物理指标随土层的加深呈减小趋势。不同石漠化环境下土壤物理特征（土壤容重、最大持水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量）存在显著差异（P<0.05）,除土壤容重以外,其他指标随着石漠化等级的增加呈现先减小后增加的趋势。（4）相关性分析表明,土壤物理特征与石漠化等级、植物多样性指数间存在显著的相关性（P<0.05）。主成分分析表明,土壤容重、土壤自然含水量、田间持水量、最大持水量、毛管持水量、毛管孔隙度和总孔隙度是影响不同等级石漠化环境下植物群落特征的主要土壤因子,累积解释量为82.486%。综上,在人工造林一定时间后,该区域不同等级石漠化环境下的物种数量逐渐增加,土壤物理结构有所改善,植被和土壤之间存在相互作用,但距离恢复成理想的群落结构还有一定的差距。建议在后期植被恢复时不仅要考虑植物的多样性,还要考虑不同石漠化等级的适生植物物种。

关键词: 石漠化, 人工造林, 植物多样性, 土壤物理特征, 主成分分析

Abstract:

At present, vegetation restoration in rocky desertification areas has become a major problem in ecosystem research. This study examined the artificial forest area located in the national long-term scientific research base for comprehensive control of rocky desertification in the Wuling Mountain. The Cinnamomum camphora-Pinus massoniana plantations were selected as the research object through field surveys. Using One-way ANOVA, correlation analysis, and principal component analysis, the study examined the vegetation characteristics and soil physical characteristics of Cinnamomum camphora and Pinus massoniana forests in four different rocky desertification environments (i.e., without rocky desertification, light rocky desertification, moderate rocky desertification, and severe rocky desertification). The purpose was to identify the changing patterns of vegetation and soil physical properties of the artificial forest in different grades of rocky desertification environments and provide theoretical basis for ecological restoration and rocky desertification control in this area. The results are as follows: (1) There were significant differences in the species diversity index of the four grades of rocky desertification environments. In addition, the evenness index and richness index gradually decreased as rocky desertification grades increased. (2) The herb layer contained 24 families, 35 genera, and 36 species, mainly Gramineae and Compositae. The shrub layer contained 28 families, 43 genera and 47 species, mainly Rosaicaceae. The tree layer contained 13 families, 13 genera, and 13 species, mainly Lauraceae. Species were relatively rich. The adaptability of the same species to different grades of rocky desertification environments varied significantly and Rosaicaceae could be used as a distinguishing index of rocky desertification. (3) In the same rocky desertification environment, except for the soil bulk density, soil physical indexes (i.e., natural water content, field capacity, maximum capacity, capillary capacity, soil porosity, non-capillary porosity, total porosity, and soil aeration) decreased as the soil depth increased. Soil physical characteristics (i.e., soil bulk density, maximum water content capacity, capillary water content capacity, and field water content capacity) varied significantly in different rocky desertification environments (P<0.05). Except for the soil bulk density, other index values first decreased and then increased with the increase of the rocky desertification degree. (4) Correlation analyses showed that soil physical characteristics had strong correlations with rocky desertification levels and plant diversity index values. Principal component analysis showed that soil bulk density, soil natural water content, field capacity, maximum capacity, capillary capacity, soil capillary porosity, and total porosity were the main soil factors affecting plant community characteristics in different grades of rocky desertification environments. The cumulative explanation was 82.486%. In summary, after a certain period of artificial afforestation, the species composition under different levels of rocky desertification in the region gradually increased, the soil physical structure had been improved, and an interaction between vegetation and soil properties occurred. Restoration of an ideal community structure still requires more efforts. Results suggested that both the diversity and appropriateness of the plant species for different rocky desertification levels should be considered in the effort to restore vegetation.

Key words: rocky desertification, artificial afforestation, plant diversity, soil physical characteristics, principal component analysis

中图分类号:

Q948
X17

陈双双, 朱宁华, 周光益, 袁星明, 尚海, 王迤翾. 不同等级石漠化环境下人工乔木林的植被与土壤物理特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(1): 52-61.

CHEN Shuangshuang, ZHU Ninghua, ZHOU Guangyi, YUAN Xingming, SHANG Hai, WANG Yixuan. Vegetation and Soil Physical Characteristics of Artificial Arbor Forests under Different Grades of Rocky Desertification[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(1): 52-61.

图/表 6

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石漠化等级 Degree of rocky desertification	岩石裸露率 Percentage of exposed rock/%	样地植被+土壤覆盖率/% Vegetation+Soil coverage/ %	土壤类型 Soil type	平均海拔 Average altitude/ m	平均坡度 Average slope angle/(°)	中心点坐标 Latitude and longitude
无石漠化 Nil	<20	>80	黄壤	470	8	29°3′9.02″N, 110°13′37″E
轻度石漠化 Low	31-50	69-50	黄壤	480	15	29°3′11.96″N, 110°13′36.83″E
中度石漠化 Middle	51-70	49-30	黄壤	482	25	29°3′10.19″N, 110°13′36.10″E
强度石漠化 High	>70	<30	黄壤	455	33	29°3′12.98″N, 110°13′38.92″E

石漠化等级 Degree of rocky desertification	岩石裸露率 Percentage of exposed rock/%	样地植被+土壤覆盖率/% Vegetation+Soil coverage/ %	土壤类型 Soil type	平均海拔 Average altitude/ m	平均坡度 Average slope angle/(°)	中心点坐标 Latitude and longitude
无石漠化 Nil	<20	>80	黄壤	470	8	29°3′9.02″N, 110°13′37″E
轻度石漠化 Low	31-50	69-50	黄壤	480	15	29°3′11.96″N, 110°13′36.83″E
中度石漠化 Middle	51-70	49-30	黄壤	482	25	29°3′10.19″N, 110°13′36.10″E
强度石漠化 High	>70	<30	黄壤	455	33	29°3′12.98″N, 110°13′38.92″E

层次 Layer	科名 Family	属名 Genus	种名 Species	重要值 Importance value
层次 Layer	科名 Family	属名 Genus	种名 Species	无石漠化 Nil/%	轻度石漠化 Low/%	中度石漠化 Middle/%	强度石漠化 High/%
草本层 Herb layer	唇形科 Lamiaceae	黄芩属 Scutellaria	韩信草 Scutellaria indica	2.12	3.23	1.74	0.73
	豆科 Fabaceae	两型豆属 Amphicarpaea	两型豆 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii	11.71	19.91	14.43	11.63
	凤尾蕨科 Pteridaceae	凤尾蕨属 Pteris	岩凤尾蕨 Pteris deltodon	0.86	1.36	1.84	2.54
	禾本科 Poaceae	甘蔗属 Saccharum	斑茅 Saccharum arundinaceum	2.12	2.91	2.17	7.74
		荩草属 Arthraxon	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	4.1	6.43	3.46	5.48
		画眉草属 Eragrostis	知风草 Eragrostis ferruginea	2.64	4.46	6.77	2.63
	金星蕨科 Thelypteridaceae	毛蕨属 Cyclosorus	毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus	33.16	15.04	15.86	26.3
	鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae	鳞毛蕨属 Dryopteris	高鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris simasakii	0.39	1.62	4.6	4.87
		贯众属 Cyrtomium	贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	1.49	3.48	4.31	4.32
		耳蕨属 Polystichum	对马耳蕨 Polystichum tsus-simense	0.53	2.91	2.56	0.49
	龙胆科 Gentianaceae	双蝴蝶属 Tripterospermum	双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum chinense	3.38	0.33	3.12	1.86
	茜草科 Rubiaceae	茜草属 Rubia	茜草 Rubia cordifolia	2.85	2.69	3.05	4.62
	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	龙牙草属 Agrimonia	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa	4.95	7.01	6.96	3.39
	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	蛇莓属 Duchesnea	蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	3.56	1.98	2.09	0.63
	莎草科Cyperaceae	莎草属 Cyperus	莎草 Cyperus rotundus	12.19	13.85	12.67	9.05
灌木层 Shrub layer	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	菝葜属 Smilax	小叶菝葜 Smilax microphylla	5.89	11.71	5.83	10.66
	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	菝葜属 Smilax	菝葜 Smilax china	1.29	1.89	0.74	2.77
	报春花科 Primulaceae	铁仔属 Myrsine	铁仔 Myrsine africana	—	—	1.08	7.31
	豆科 Fabaceae	黄檀属 Dalbergia	黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	2.53	3.84	0.72	1.09
	防己科 Menispermaceae	细圆藤属 Pericampylus	细圆藤 Pericampylus glaucus	0.49	49.13	0.79	4.25
	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	胡颓子属 Elaeagnus	胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	3.86	3.33	0.55	—
	锦葵科 Malvaceae	扁担杆属 Grewia	扁担杆 Grewia biloba	2.4	0.97	1.23	1.6
	楝科 Meliaceae	香椿属 Toona	香椿 Toona sinensis	1.79	—	1.39	4.25
	葡萄科 Vitaceae	蛇葡萄属 Ampelopsis	蓝果蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis bodinieri	2.97	2.27	9.29	3.09
	葡萄科 Vitaceae	地锦属 Parthenocissus	地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata	0.51	0.78	2.75	2.23
	茜草科 Rubiaceae	白马骨属 Serissa	六月雪 Serissa japonica	18.73	11.16	16.48	0.82
	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	悬钩子属 Rubus	寒莓 Rubus buergeri	2.73	1.4	1.05	0.99
	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	忍冬属 Lonicera	忍冬 Lonicera japonica	6.94	7.55	2.91	4.72
	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	荚蒾属 Viburnum	桦叶荚迷 Viburnum betulifolium	1.74	0.47	1.67	2.41
	桑科 Moraceae	榕属 Ficus	地果 Ficus tikoua	5.81	10.07	3.9	9.71
	山茶科 Theaceae	山茶属 Camellia	油茶 Camellia oleifera	3.73	1.75	9.01	4.9
	鼠李科 Rhamnaceae	鼠李属 Rhamnus	圆叶鼠李 Rhamnus globosa	6.69	10.65	6.77	6.18
	鼠李科 Rhamnaceae	勾儿茶属 Berchemia	勾儿茶 Berchemia sinica	6.4	—	1.38	3.36
	无患子科 Sapindaceae	槭属 Acer	青榨槭 Acer davidii	2.31	1.34	2.99	1.83
	五加科 Araliaceae	常春藤属 Hedera	常春藤 Hedera helix	0.94	1.63	1.86	5.24
	五味子科 Schisandraceae	五味子属 Schisandra	铁箍散 Schisandra propinqua	0.79	3.07	1.59	1.33
	芸香科 Rutaceae	花椒属 Zanthoxylum	岭南花椒 Zanthoxylum austrosinense	4.55	3.24	3.58	2.02
乔木层 Tree layer	樟科 Lauraceae	樟属Cinnamomum	樟树 Cinnamomum camphora	52.18	59.53	52.17	65.21
	松科 Pinaceae	松属 Pinus	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	23.80	20.34	25.20	25.53
	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	鹅掌楸属 Liriodendron	马褂木 Liriodendron chinense	4.06	4.30	1.64	—
	山茱萸科 Cornaceae	山茱萸属 Cornus	光皮徕木Cornus wilsoniana	3.94	—	3.09	—
	桦木科 Betulaceae	榛属 Corylus	华榛 Corylus chinensis	2.37	6.73	6.19	9.26
	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	油桐属 Vernicia	油桐 Vernicia fordii	2.31	1.93	1.31	—
	楝科 Meliaceae	香椿属 Toona	香椿 Toona sinensis	2.16	1.45	2.66	—
	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	冬青属 Ilex	冬青 Ilex chinensis	—	5.72	—	—
	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	南酸枣属 Choerospondias	南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	—	—	5.24	—

层次 Layer	科名 Family	属名 Genus	种名 Species	重要值 Importance value
层次 Layer	科名 Family	属名 Genus	种名 Species	无石漠化 Nil/%	轻度石漠化 Low/%	中度石漠化 Middle/%	强度石漠化 High/%
草本层 Herb layer	唇形科 Lamiaceae	黄芩属 Scutellaria	韩信草 Scutellaria indica	2.12	3.23	1.74	0.73
	豆科 Fabaceae	两型豆属 Amphicarpaea	两型豆 Amphicarpaea edgeworthii	11.71	19.91	14.43	11.63
	凤尾蕨科 Pteridaceae	凤尾蕨属 Pteris	岩凤尾蕨 Pteris deltodon	0.86	1.36	1.84	2.54
	禾本科 Poaceae	甘蔗属 Saccharum	斑茅 Saccharum arundinaceum	2.12	2.91	2.17	7.74
		荩草属 Arthraxon	荩草 Arthraxon hispidus	4.1	6.43	3.46	5.48
		画眉草属 Eragrostis	知风草 Eragrostis ferruginea	2.64	4.46	6.77	2.63
	金星蕨科 Thelypteridaceae	毛蕨属 Cyclosorus	毛蕨 Cyclosorus interruptus	33.16	15.04	15.86	26.3
	鳞毛蕨科 Dryopteridaceae	鳞毛蕨属 Dryopteris	高鳞毛蕨 Dryopteris simasakii	0.39	1.62	4.6	4.87
		贯众属 Cyrtomium	贯众 Cyrtomium fortunei	1.49	3.48	4.31	4.32
		耳蕨属 Polystichum	对马耳蕨 Polystichum tsus-simense	0.53	2.91	2.56	0.49
	龙胆科 Gentianaceae	双蝴蝶属 Tripterospermum	双蝴蝶 Tripterospermum chinense	3.38	0.33	3.12	1.86
	茜草科 Rubiaceae	茜草属 Rubia	茜草 Rubia cordifolia	2.85	2.69	3.05	4.62
	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	龙牙草属 Agrimonia	龙芽草 Agrimonia pilosa	4.95	7.01	6.96	3.39
	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	蛇莓属 Duchesnea	蛇莓 Duchesnea indica	3.56	1.98	2.09	0.63
	莎草科Cyperaceae	莎草属 Cyperus	莎草 Cyperus rotundus	12.19	13.85	12.67	9.05
灌木层 Shrub layer	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	菝葜属 Smilax	小叶菝葜 Smilax microphylla	5.89	11.71	5.83	10.66
	菝葜科 Smilacaceae	菝葜属 Smilax	菝葜 Smilax china	1.29	1.89	0.74	2.77
	报春花科 Primulaceae	铁仔属 Myrsine	铁仔 Myrsine africana	—	—	1.08	7.31
	豆科 Fabaceae	黄檀属 Dalbergia	黄檀 Dalbergia hupeana	2.53	3.84	0.72	1.09
	防己科 Menispermaceae	细圆藤属 Pericampylus	细圆藤 Pericampylus glaucus	0.49	49.13	0.79	4.25
	胡颓子科 Elaeagnaceae	胡颓子属 Elaeagnus	胡颓子 Elaeagnus pungens	3.86	3.33	0.55	—
	锦葵科 Malvaceae	扁担杆属 Grewia	扁担杆 Grewia biloba	2.4	0.97	1.23	1.6
	楝科 Meliaceae	香椿属 Toona	香椿 Toona sinensis	1.79	—	1.39	4.25
	葡萄科 Vitaceae	蛇葡萄属 Ampelopsis	蓝果蛇葡萄 Ampelopsis bodinieri	2.97	2.27	9.29	3.09
	葡萄科 Vitaceae	地锦属 Parthenocissus	地锦 Parthenocissus tricuspidata	0.51	0.78	2.75	2.23
	茜草科 Rubiaceae	白马骨属 Serissa	六月雪 Serissa japonica	18.73	11.16	16.48	0.82
	蔷薇科 Rosaceae	悬钩子属 Rubus	寒莓 Rubus buergeri	2.73	1.4	1.05	0.99
	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	忍冬属 Lonicera	忍冬 Lonicera japonica	6.94	7.55	2.91	4.72
	忍冬科 Caprifoliaceae	荚蒾属 Viburnum	桦叶荚迷 Viburnum betulifolium	1.74	0.47	1.67	2.41
	桑科 Moraceae	榕属 Ficus	地果 Ficus tikoua	5.81	10.07	3.9	9.71
	山茶科 Theaceae	山茶属 Camellia	油茶 Camellia oleifera	3.73	1.75	9.01	4.9
	鼠李科 Rhamnaceae	鼠李属 Rhamnus	圆叶鼠李 Rhamnus globosa	6.69	10.65	6.77	6.18
	鼠李科 Rhamnaceae	勾儿茶属 Berchemia	勾儿茶 Berchemia sinica	6.4	—	1.38	3.36
	无患子科 Sapindaceae	槭属 Acer	青榨槭 Acer davidii	2.31	1.34	2.99	1.83
	五加科 Araliaceae	常春藤属 Hedera	常春藤 Hedera helix	0.94	1.63	1.86	5.24
	五味子科 Schisandraceae	五味子属 Schisandra	铁箍散 Schisandra propinqua	0.79	3.07	1.59	1.33
	芸香科 Rutaceae	花椒属 Zanthoxylum	岭南花椒 Zanthoxylum austrosinense	4.55	3.24	3.58	2.02
乔木层 Tree layer	樟科 Lauraceae	樟属Cinnamomum	樟树 Cinnamomum camphora	52.18	59.53	52.17	65.21
	松科 Pinaceae	松属 Pinus	马尾松 Pinus massoniana	23.80	20.34	25.20	25.53
	木兰科 Magnoliaceae	鹅掌楸属 Liriodendron	马褂木 Liriodendron chinense	4.06	4.30	1.64	—
	山茱萸科 Cornaceae	山茱萸属 Cornus	光皮徕木Cornus wilsoniana	3.94	—	3.09	—
	桦木科 Betulaceae	榛属 Corylus	华榛 Corylus chinensis	2.37	6.73	6.19	9.26
	大戟科 Euphorbiaceae	油桐属 Vernicia	油桐 Vernicia fordii	2.31	1.93	1.31	—
	楝科 Meliaceae	香椿属 Toona	香椿 Toona sinensis	2.16	1.45	2.66	—
	冬青科 Aquifoliaceae	冬青属 Ilex	冬青 Ilex chinensis	—	5.72	—	—
	漆树科 Anacardiaceae	南酸枣属 Choerospondias	南酸枣 Choerospondias axillaris	—	—	5.24	—

石漠化等级 Degrees of rocky desertification	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	优势度指数 Simpson index	均匀度指数 Evenness index	丰富度指数 Richness index
无石漠化 Nil	2.80±0.27a	0.82±0.12b	0.78±0.07a	44.33±6.66a
轻度石漠化 Low	2.85±0.09a	0.89±0.07a	0.77±0.03a	43.00±5.30a
中度石漠化 Middle	2.85±0.05a	0.88±0.01a	0.75±0.02b	41.67±0.08ab
强度石漠化 High	2.56±0.40b	0.90±0.01a	0.68±0.13c	38.67±2.52c

不同等级石漠化环境下人工乔木林的植被与土壤物理特征

Vegetation and Soil Physical Characteristics of Artificial Arbor Forests under Different Grades of Rocky Desertification

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土壤物理特征 Soil physical characteristics	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	石漠化等级 Degrees of rocky desertification
土壤物理特征 Soil physical characteristics	土层深度 Soil depth/cm	无石漠化 Nil	轻度石漠化 Low	中度石漠化 Middle	强度石漠化 High
土壤容重 Bulk density/(g∙cm^-3)	0-15	1.24±0.13a	1.26±0.11a	1.31±0.08a	1.30±0.07a
	15-30	1.29±0.09a	1.3±0.09a	1.36±0.09a	1.37±0.08a
	30-45	1.28±0.1a	1.33±0.11a	1.38±0.1a	1.37±0.08a
	Mean	1.27±0.11B	1.29±0.1AB	1.34±0.09A	1.34±0.08A
土壤自然含水量 Natural water content/%	0-15	0.32±0.05a	0.34±0.05a	0.37±0.08a	0.35±0.12a
	15-30	0.29±0.04a	0.29±0.04b	0.30±0.06b	0.33±0.09a
	30-45	0.28±0.05a	0.29±0.03b	0.30±0.05b	0.34±0.09a
	Mean	0.30±0.05A	0.31±0.04A	0.32±0.07A	0.34±0.1A
最大持水量 Maximal water capacity/(g∙kg^-1)	0-15	402.21±52.47a	408.25±47.44a	453.59±85.67a	444.53±111.13a
	15-30	362.83±54.7a	357.09±41.67b	386.13±49.28b	411.9±83.51a
	30-45	348.54±49.35a	350.8±41.27b	366.41±59.88b	416.14±86.97a
	Mean	377.81±55.69B	372.05±49.69B	402.04±75.04AB	424.19±93.09A
毛管持水量 Capillary water content/(g∙kg^-1)	0-15	380.57±49.43a	387.44±47.66a	432.43±84.49a	420.17±110.63a
	15-30	344.54±47.24a	339.95±36.34b	360.14±47.34b	389.91±85.76a
	30-45	332.06±48.33a	332.83±37.63b	348.38±57.43b	396.38±86.82a
	Mean	358.72±51.37B	353.41±46.67B	380.31±73.51AB	402.16±93.28A
田间持水量 Field water content/(g∙kg^-1)	0-15	348.45±42.18a	356.38±38.68a	396.24±76.38a	380.75±102.69a
	15-30	313.88±42.46ab	311.04±32.62b	319.69±53.19b	352.88±82.71a
	30-45	299.16±48.16b	305.59±33.51b	316.8±53.47b	356.8±82.18a
	Mean	327.80±47.89B	324.33±41.12AB	344.24±70.81AB	363.48±87.99A
毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity/%	0-15	49.51±3.93a	49.98±3.63a	53.42±6.29a	50.84±7.57a
	15-30	46.53±3.4ab	46.25±2.71b	46.42±4.29b	49.7±7.27a
	30-45	45.25±3.43b	45.21±2.73b	45.76±3.83b	49.93±7.24a
	Mean	47.79±3.93A	47.15±3.62A	48.53±5.93A	50.16±7.17A
非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity/%	0-15	2.81±1.13a	2.69±1.84a	2.65±0.85a	2.98±1.34a
	15-30	2.43±1.05a	2.3±1.04a	3.31±1.98a	2.83±1.16a
	30-45	2.25±0.83a	2.43±0.84a	2.37±1.11a	2.5±1.03a
	Mean	2.53±1.01A	2.47±1.29A	2.78±1.42A	2.77±1.17A
总孔隙度 Total porosity/%	0-15	52.32±4.13a	52.67±3.48a	56.06±6.23a	53.83±7.46a
	15-30	48.96±4.16ab	48.55±3.16b	49.73±3.68b	52.53±6.69a
	30-45	47.5±3.39b	47.64±3.07b	48.14±4.04b	52.42±6.94a
	Mean	50.32±4.31A	49.62±3.85A	51.31±5.8A	52.93±6.87A
土壤通气度 Soil permeability/%	0-15	10.91±2.76a	9.4±3.68a	10.96±3.19a	11.59±3.58a
	15-30	9.8±3.42a	8.63±3.52a	11.65±6.39a	10.43±4.16a
	30-45	9.09±3.84a	8.13±3.34a	9.1±4.14a	10.14±4.55a
	Mean	10.16±3.36A	8.72±3.45A	10.57±4.76A	10.72±4.05A

物理特征 Physical characteristics	石漠化等级 Degrees of rocky desertification	丰富度指数 Richness index	多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index	均匀度指数 Evenness index	优势度指数 Simpson index
土壤容重 Bulk density	0.781**	-0.355*	-0.422**	-0.369	0.263
毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity	-0.507	0.115	0.052	-0.164	-0.362*
非毛管孔隙度Non-capillary porosity	-0.313	0.369*	0.007	0.231	0.520**
总孔隙度 Total porosity	-0.601*	0.286*	0.254*	0.219	-0.069
土壤自然含水量 Natural water content	-0.501	0.135	-0.059	0.155	0.015
田间持水量 Field water content	-0.594*	0.484**	0.341*	0.241	-0.349*
毛管持水量 Capillary water content	-0.630*	0.362*	0.296*	-0.285	-0.103
最大持水量 Maximal water capacity	-0.684*	0.079	0.007	0.319	-0.164
土壤通气度 Soil permeability	-0.33	0.163	0.094	0.325	-0.310

指标Index	成分 Component
指标Index	PCA1	PCA2	PCA3
容重 Bulk density	-0.310	0.085	-0.055
土壤自然含水量 Natural water content	0.321	0.061	-0.055
最大持水量 Maximal water capacity	0.329	-0.003	0.052
毛管持水量 Capillary water content	0.331	0.021	0.031
田间持水量 Field water content	0.328	0.037	-0.002
毛管孔隙度 Capillary porosity	0.321	0.081	0.017
总孔隙度 Total porosity	0.324	0.047	0.055
非毛管孔隙度 Non-capillary porosity	-0.106	-0.219	0.195
土壤通气度 Soil permeability	-0.026	-0.139	0.288
多样性 Shannon-Wiener index	-0.101	0.292	0.083
优势度 Simpson index	-0.041	0.306	0.090
均匀度 Evenness index	-0.096	0.308	0.080
丰富度 Richness index	0.032	-0.250	-0.040
初始特征值 Initial eigenvalue/%	6.896	3.827	1.411
贡献率 Contribution/%	53.044	29.442	10.857
累积贡献率 Cumulative contribution rate/%	53.044	82.486	93.343

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