山东半岛南部近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构与环境因子相关性

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 995-1004.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.05.012

山东半岛南部近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构与环境因子相关性

杨艳艳(), 朱明明, 徐炳庆, 冯银银, 王秀霞, 张孝民, 李凡^*(), 陈建强

山东省海洋资源与环境研究院/山东省海洋生态修复重点实验室,山东烟台264006

收稿日期:2020-10-16 出版日期:2021-05-18 发布日期:2021-08-06
通讯作者: * 李凡,男,副研究员,主要从事渔业资源研究。E-mail:lifan811230@126.com
作者简介:杨艳艳（1981年生）,女,副研究员,硕士,主要从事海洋生态学研究。E-mail:xqdlmu@163.com
基金资助:
山东省支持青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室重大科技专项(2018SDKJ0501-1);山东省自然科学基金重点项目(ZR2020KE050);烟台市科技创新发展计划项目(2021XDHZ053);烟台市科技创新发展计划项目(2020MSGY061)

Community Structure of Ichthyoplankton and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Coastal Waters of Southern Shandong Peninsula

YANG Yanyan(), ZHU Mingming, XU Bingqing, FENG Yinyin, WANG Xiuxia, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Fan^*(), CHEN Jianqiang

Shandong Marine Resource and Environment Reseach Institute/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Restoration for Marine Ecology, Yantai 264006, China

Received:2020-10-16 Online:2021-05-18 Published:2021-08-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解鱼卵、仔稚鱼的种群动态及其与环境因子之间的关系,2017年4—7月,利用大型浮游生物网对山东半岛南部近岸海域进行水平拖网调查。5个航次调查共采集鱼卵5042粒,仔稚鱼108尾,共24个物种,隶属于7目18科24属。鱼卵的优势种为鳀（Engraulis japonicus）和斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）,仔稚鱼没有出现优势种,六丝钝尾虾虎鱼（Amblychaeturichthys hexanema）和鳀构成仔稚鱼的重要种。鱼卵、仔稚鱼的最高优势度物种之间的季节更替明显。鱼卵、仔稚鱼对应的成鱼平均营养级为3.41,处于第三营养级低级肉食性鱼类范畴;春季和夏季采集的鱼卵、仔稚鱼对应的成鱼营养结构相似。利用GAM模型研究了山东半岛南部近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼分布与环境因子的关系。结果显示,鱼卵、仔稚鱼的最适温度在16—20 ℃之间。水深对数量分布的影响总体呈先下降后缓慢升高的趋势;盐度31.5—32为鱼卵、仔稚鱼的最适盐度。月份、纬度和深度等因子对鱼卵、仔稚鱼的分布均有显著影响（P<0.01或P<0.05）。聚类分析结果表明,春、夏两个季节均分为3个站位组,但是随季节变化站位分组有较大差异。春季两个近岸组之间的主要分歧种为斑鰶、短吻红舌鳎（Cynoglossus joyeri）、黄姑（Nibea albiflora）和多鳞鱚（Sillago sihama）;夏季区分近岸和远岸的主要分歧种为斑鰶、鳀、短吻红舌鳎,这几个物种都较多出现在近岸组。文章对山东半岛南部近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构的空间格局及与环境因子的相关性进行了解析,为科学认识和保护该海域渔业资源及制定资源量化管理等措施提供依据和技术支撑。

关键词: 鱼卵, 仔稚鱼, 种类组成, 营养级, GAM模型, 群落结构

Abstract:

In order to investigate the population dynamic of the ichthyoplankton and its relationship with environmental factors, five surveys were conducted along coastal waters of the southern Shandong Peninsula from April to July, 2017. A total of 5042 fish eggs and 108 larvae were collected during the five surveys by horizontal trawl with plankton net. The obtained ichthyoplanktons belonged to 24 species, 24 genera, 18 families, and 7 orders. The dominant species of fish eggs were Engraulis japonicus and Konosirus punctatus. As referred to fish larvae, Amblychaeturichthys hexanema and Engraulis japonicus were the key species, whereas no dominant species appeared. The species of the ichthyoplanktons with high index of relative importance (IRI) varied obviously among seasons. The adult fish corresponding to the ichthyoplanktons had an average trophic level of 3.41,belonging to low-grade carnivorous fish in the third trophic level. The nutritional structure of adult fish corresponding to the ichthyoplanktons collected in spring and summer was similar. Due to the overfishing and environmental degradation, the trophic level of the fish in the Yellow Sea has been decreasing year by year. The GAM model showed that the optimum temperature for the ichthyoplankton was 16?20 ℃. The quantity distribution of the ichthyoplanktons first decreased and then increased slowly with the increase of the water depth. The optimum salinity for the ichthyoplanktons was 31.5?32. Month, latitude, and depth had significant effects on the distribution of the ichthyoplankton (P<0.01 or P<0.05). The cluster analysis revealed that the ichthyoplanktons collected in spring and summer were divided into three station groups. The differences in station grouping were observed among seasons. In spring, the main divergent species between the two nearshore groups were Konosirus punctatus, Cynoglossus joyneri, Nibea albiflora, and Sillago sihama. In summer, the main divergent species between nearshore group and offshore group were Konosirus punctatus, Engraulis japonicus, and Cynoglossus joyneri, which were mostly found in nearshore group. Then, the relationship between the spatial pattern of the ichthyoplankton community structure and environmental factors in the studied area were obtained. These results provided technical support for scientific understanding, protection, and management of fishery resources along coastal waters of southern Shandong Peninsula.

Key words: fish eggs, fish larvae, species composition, trophic level, GAM model, community structure

中图分类号:

杨艳艳, 朱明明, 徐炳庆, 冯银银, 王秀霞, 张孝民, 李凡, 陈建强. 山东半岛南部近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构与环境因子相关性[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(5): 995-1004.

YANG Yanyan, ZHU Mingming, XU Bingqing, FENG Yinyin, WANG Xiuxia, ZHANG Xiaomin, LI Fan, CHEN Jianqiang. Community Structure of Ichthyoplankton and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Coastal Waters of Southern Shandong Peninsula[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(5): 995-1004.

图/表 11

参考文献 41

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种类 Species	采样时间 Sampling time					适温性 Temperature adaptation
种类 Species	4月下旬 Late April	5月上旬 Early May	6月上旬 Early June	6月下旬 Late June	7月上旬 Early July	适温性 Temperature adaptation
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus		*▲	*	*	*	暖温性 Warm temperate species
脂眼鲱 Etrumeus teres			*	*		暖水性 Warm water species
远东拟沙丁鱼 Sardinops melanostictus			*		*	冷温性 Cold temperate species
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	*	*	*	*▲	*▲	暖温性 Warm temperate species
黄鲫 Setipinna taty					*	暖水性 Warm water species
鮻 Liza haematocheila			*	▲		暖温性 Warm temperate species
沙氏下鱵 Hyporhamphus sajori					▲	暖水性 Warm water species
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus		▲				暖温性 Warm temperate species
鲬 Platycephalus indicus		*				暖水性 Warm water species
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammos otakii		▲				冷温性 Cold temperate species
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis		*				暖温性 Warm temperate species
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama		▲	*	*	*	暖水性 Warm water species
竹荚鱼 Trachuurus japonicus			*			暖温性 Warm temperate species
黄姑 Nibea albiflora		*				暖温性 Warm temperate species
白姑 Pennahia argentata		*				暖水性 Warm water species
真鲷 Pagrus major		*▲				暖温性 Warm temperate species
绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguri	*					暖温性 Warm temperate species
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticus				*	*	暖水性 Warm water species
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus			*	*		暖温性 Warm temperate species
日本鲭 Scomber japonicus		*			*	暖水性 Warm water species
蓝点马鲛 Scomberomorus niphonius					*	暖水性 Warm water species
短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri		*	*	*	*	暖温性 Warm temperate species
高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini		*	*	*		冷温性 Cold temperate species
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema		▲			▲	暖温性 Warm temperate species

种类 Species	采样时间 Sampling time					适温性 Temperature adaptation
种类 Species	4月下旬 Late April	5月上旬 Early May	6月上旬 Early June	6月下旬 Late June	7月上旬 Early July	适温性 Temperature adaptation
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus		*▲	*	*	*	暖温性 Warm temperate species
脂眼鲱 Etrumeus teres			*	*		暖水性 Warm water species
远东拟沙丁鱼 Sardinops melanostictus			*		*	冷温性 Cold temperate species
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	*	*	*	*▲	*▲	暖温性 Warm temperate species
黄鲫 Setipinna taty					*	暖水性 Warm water species
鮻 Liza haematocheila			*	▲		暖温性 Warm temperate species
沙氏下鱵 Hyporhamphus sajori					▲	暖水性 Warm water species
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus		▲				暖温性 Warm temperate species
鲬 Platycephalus indicus		*				暖水性 Warm water species
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammos otakii		▲				冷温性 Cold temperate species
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis		*				暖温性 Warm temperate species
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama		▲	*	*	*	暖水性 Warm water species
竹荚鱼 Trachuurus japonicus			*			暖温性 Warm temperate species
黄姑 Nibea albiflora		*				暖温性 Warm temperate species
白姑 Pennahia argentata		*				暖水性 Warm water species
真鲷 Pagrus major		*▲				暖温性 Warm temperate species
绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguri	*					暖温性 Warm temperate species
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticus				*	*	暖水性 Warm water species
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus			*	*		暖温性 Warm temperate species
日本鲭 Scomber japonicus		*			*	暖水性 Warm water species
蓝点马鲛 Scomberomorus niphonius					*	暖水性 Warm water species
短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri		*	*	*	*	暖温性 Warm temperate species
高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini		*	*	*		冷温性 Cold temperate species
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema		▲			▲	暖温性 Warm temperate species

	种 Species	IRI
鱼卵 Fish eggs	鳀 Engraulis japonicus	1945.07
	斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	1337.53
	多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	495.64
	短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri	421.58
	白姑 Pennahia argentata	189.82
	高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini	137.91
仔稚鱼 Fish larvae	六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema	251.32
仔稚鱼 Fish larvae	鳀 Engraulis japonicus	205.76

	种 Species	IRI
鱼卵 Fish eggs	鳀 Engraulis japonicus	1945.07
	斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	1337.53
	多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	495.64
	短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri	421.58
	白姑 Pennahia argentata	189.82
	高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini	137.91
仔稚鱼 Fish larvae	六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema	251.32
仔稚鱼 Fish larvae	鳀 Engraulis japonicus	205.76

	季节 Season	种类数 Species	个体数 Individual	高优势度物种 Species of the highest dominnace	IRI
鱼卵 Fihs eggs	春季Spring	13	1174	白姑Pennahia argentata	498.34
鱼卵 Fihs eggs	夏季Summer	13	1870	鳀Engraulis japonicus	1520.96
仔稚鱼 Fish larvae	春季Spring	6	63	斑鰶Konosirus punctatus	230.41
仔稚鱼 Fish larvae	夏季Summer	4	45	六丝钝尾虾虎鱼Amblychaeturichthys hexanema	253.97

山东半岛南部近岸海域鱼卵、仔稚鱼群落结构与环境因子相关性

Community Structure of Ichthyoplankton and Its Relationship with Environmental Factors in Coastal Waters of Southern Shandong Peninsula

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Metrics

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种类 Species	春季采集个数 Number of collection in spring	夏季采集个数 Number of collection in summer	全年采集个数 Annual collection	成鱼营养级 Trophic levels
斑鰶 Konosirus punctatus	360	441	801	3.2
脂眼鲱 Etrumeus teres	0	147	147	2.1
远东拟沙丁鱼 Sardinops melanostictus	0	71	71	2
鳀 Engraulis japonicus	173	674	847	3.6
黄鲫 Setipinna taty	0	4	4	3.22
鮻 Liza haematocheila	0	5	5	2.4
沙氏下鱵 Hyporhamphus sajori	0	2	2	3.8
尖海龙 Syngnathus acus	8	0	8	2.73
鲬 Platycephalus indicus	1	0	1	3
大泷六线鱼 Hexagrammos otakii	5	0	5	3.86
油魣 Sphyraena pinguis	2	0	2	4.6
多鳞鱚 Sillago sihama	84	206	290	3.58
竹荚鱼 Trachuurus japonicus	0	4	4	3.4
黄姑 Nibea albiflora	197	0	197	3
白姑 Pennahia argentata	270	0	270	3.63
真鲷 Pagrus major	1	0	1	2.9
绯䲗 Callionymus beniteguri	1	0	1	3.4
小带鱼 Eupleurogrammus muticus	0	58	58	4.4
带鱼 Trichiurus japonicus	1	8	9	4.9
日本鲭 Scomber japonicus	19	0	19	3.1
蓝点马鲛 Scomberomorus niphonius	0	12	12	3.62
短吻红舌鳎 Cynoglossus joyeri	28	229	257	4
高眼鲽 Cleisthenes herzensteini	85	22	107	4.1
六丝钝尾虾虎鱼 Amblychaeturichthys hexanema	1	32	33	3.66

因子 Factors	自由度 Ref. df	F	解释偏差 Explained deviation%	AIC
表层温度 SST	1.668	2.065	4.3	980.116
深度 DEP 盐度 SSS 月份 MON 经度 LON 纬度 LAT	2.762 1.000 2.980 2.503 2.088	2.889 0.271 10.572 3.274 4.403	5.2 2.4 21.2 4.6 8.1	975.952 975.251 952.624 943.242 936.598

海域 Sea areas	年份 Years	营养级 Trophic levels	文献来源 Literature sources
渤海 Bohai sea	1959	4.06	Xu et al., 2009
	1982‒1983	3.70	Xu et al., 2009
	1992‒1993	3.51	Xu et al., 2009
	1998‒1999	3.41	Xu et al., 2009
黄海 Yellow Sea	1985‒1986	4.26	Xu et al., 2009
	2010	3.66	Xu et al., 2009
	2017	3.41	本文 This paper
全国Nationwide	1959	3.65	张波等, 2004 (Zhang et al., 2004)
	1982‒1983	3.59	杜建国等, 2014 (Du et al., 2014)
	1985‒1986	3.58	杜建国等, 2014 (Du et al., 2014)
	1992‒1993	3.51	杜建国等, 2014 (Du et al.,2014)
	1998‒1999	3.47	杜建国等, 2014 (Du et al., 2014)
	2000‒2001	3.48	杜建国等, 2014 (Du et al., 2014)
	2008‒2010	3.53	杜建国等, 2014 (Du et al., 2014)

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