原生与迁地毛枝五针松根际土壤微生物多样性分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.10.006

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (10): 1544-1553.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.10.006

原生与迁地毛枝五针松根际土壤微生物多样性分析

张传光¹^,²^,³(), 沈艳¹^,³, 张珊珊¹^,², 李玉文⁴, 陈剑¹^,², 杨文忠¹^,²^,^*()

1.云南省林业和草原科学院，云南昆明 650201
2.云南珍稀濒特森林植物保护和繁育重点实验室，云南昆明 650201
3.滇中高原森林生态系统云南省野外科学观测研究站，云南昆明 650201
4.文山州林业和草原研究所，云南文山 663099

收稿日期:2024-05-15 出版日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2024-11-15
通讯作者: *杨文忠。E-mail: yangwenzhong@yafg.ac.cn
作者简介:张传光（1985年生），男，副研究员，主要从事土壤生态和生物多样性保护方面的研究。E-mail: zhangchuanguang@yafg.ac.cn
基金资助:
极小种群物种数据库建设(2023SJ09X-09);滇东南极小种群野生植物调查和种质资源收集(2022SJ07X-07)

Analysis of Microbial Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil of Pinus wangii (Pinaceae) in In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation

ZHANG Chuanguang¹^,²^,³(), SHEN Yan¹^,³, ZHANG Shanshan¹^,², LI Yuwen⁴, CHEN Jian¹^,², YANG Wenzhong¹^,²^,^*()

1. Yunnan Academy of Forestry and Grassland, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
2. Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Forest Plant, National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
3. Provincial field observation and research station for central Yunnan plateau forest ecosystem, Kunming 650201, P. R. China
4. Wenshan Research Institute of Forestry and Grassland, Wenshan 663099, P. R. China

Received:2024-05-15 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2024-11-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

定植成活率是实施毛枝五针松迁地保护的关键。为探明毛枝五针松迁地定植成活率低的原因，通过测定土壤常规指标及采用高通量测序技术完成了原生地和迁地保护点毛枝五针松根际土壤微生物多样性及其群落组成的分析。结果表明，原生地根际土壤养分指标除全磷（TP）和全钾（TK）显著低于迁地点外，其余指标均显著高于迁地点。细菌46386个可操作分类单元OTUs涉及26门50纲125目204科316属，真菌67999个OTUs涉及11门36纲93目176科280属，且不论是特有细菌还是特有真菌，迁地点根际土壤中的OTU数目均高于原生地。门水平上，酸杆菌门、变形菌门和疣微菌门为优势细菌，担子菌门、子囊菌门和隐菌门为优势真菌；属水平上，未分类的酸杆菌属、未培养的酸杆菌属、未分类的细菌属为优势细菌，未分类的真菌属、粒状大团囊菌属和拟锁瑚菌属为优势真菌。通过物种差异特征分析发现2个原生地的细菌和真菌物种组成及细菌群落多样性结构相似，但与迁地点存在明显差异；原生地与迁地点根际土壤真菌群落多样性差异不显著。冗余分析表明，各理化因子不同程度地影响了原生地和迁地点根际土壤微生物的群落结构，pH和交换性镁（EMg）是影响优势细菌属组成的主要环境因子，TP和EMg是影响优势真菌属组成的主要环境因子。综上，毛枝五针松原生地和迁地点根际土壤微生物存在显著差异，pH、TP和EMg可能是造成这种差异并导致其迁地定植成活率低的关键因素，研究结果可为毛枝五针松迁地保护提供基础数据。

关键词: 毛枝五针松, 不同生境, 土壤养分, 微生物多样性, 高通量测序

Abstract:

Seedling survival rate is key to the ex situ conservation of Pinus wangii. To identify the factors resulting in the low survival rate of P. wangii in ex situ plots, general soil indicators were detected, and a high-flux sequencing platform was used to analyze the microbial diversity and community composition in the rhizosphere soil of P. wangii in in situ and ex situ conservation plots. The results showed that the indicators of rhizosphere soil nutrients in in situ plots were significantly higher than those in ex situ plots, except for total phosphorus (TP) and total potassium (TK). There were 46386 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of bacteria comprising 26 phyla, 50 classes, 125 orders, 204 families, 316 genera, and 67999 OTUs of fungi comprising 11 phyla, 36 classes, 93 orders, 176 families, and 280 genera. The number of OTUs, either endemic bacteria or endemic fungi, in the ex situ plots was higher than that in the in situ plot. At the phylum level, Acidobacteriota, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobiota in the bacterial community, and Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Rozellomycota in the fungal community were the dominant phyla in both the in situ and ex situ plots. At the genus level, unclassified Acidobacteriales, uncultured Acidobacteria, unclassified bacteria in the bacterial community, and unclassified fungi Elaphomyces and Clavulinopsis were the dominant genera in the fungal community. Through the analysis of species difference characteristics, the species composition of bacteria and fungi, as well as the diversity structure of the bacterial community, were found to be similar in the two in situ plots, but differed significantly from the ex situ plot. The diversity of the fungal community was not significantly different between the in situ and ex situ plots. Redundancy analysis revealed that general soil indicators affected microbial community structure to varying degrees. The composition of the dominant bacterial genera was mainly affected by pH and exchangeable Mg(EMg), whereas that of the dominant fungal genera was mostly affected by TP and EMg. In conclusion, microorganisms in the rhizosphere of P. wangii differed significantly between the in situ and ex situ plots. The soil properties, pH, TP, and EMg are likely key factors causing microbial differences and further resulting in a low survival rate of P. wangii in ex situ conservation. The results can provide basic data for the ex situ conservation of P. wangii.

Key words: Pinus wangii, different habitats, soil nutrients, microbial diversity, high-flux sequencing

中图分类号:

张传光, 沈艳, 张珊珊, 李玉文, 陈剑, 杨文忠. 原生与迁地毛枝五针松根际土壤微生物多样性分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(10): 1544-1553.

ZHANG Chuanguang, SHEN Yan, ZHANG Shanshan, LI Yuwen, CHEN Jian, YANG Wenzhong. Analysis of Microbial Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil of Pinus wangii (Pinaceae) in In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(10): 1544-1553.

图/表 8

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编号	取样地点	树龄/年	生境
A11	文山州麻栗坡县A1	>30	原生
A12	文山州麻栗坡县A1	>30	原生
A13	文山州麻栗坡县A1	>30	原生
A21	文山州麻栗坡县A2	>30	原生
A22	文山州麻栗坡县A2	>30	原生
A23	文山州麻栗坡县A2	>30	原生
A31	昆明树木园A3	18	迁地
A32	昆明树木园A3	18	迁地
A33	昆明树木园A3	18	迁地

编号	取样地点	树龄/年	生境
A11	文山州麻栗坡县A1	>30	原生
A12	文山州麻栗坡县A1	>30	原生
A13	文山州麻栗坡县A1	>30	原生
A21	文山州麻栗坡县A2	>30	原生
A22	文山州麻栗坡县A2	>30	原生
A23	文山州麻栗坡县A2	>30	原生
A31	昆明树木园A3	18	迁地
A32	昆明树木园A3	18	迁地
A33	昆明树木园A3	18	迁地

土壤理化因子	A1	A2	A3
pH	6.42±0.454a	6.56±0.0520a	5.73±0.0929b
w_(SOM)/(g·kg⁻¹)	685±52.3a	748±153.7a	38.6±2.41b
w_(TN)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	17.1±0.811a	16.1±1.48a	1.50±0.131b
w_(TN)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	1029±26.1a	819±272a	157±10.0b
w_(TP)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.490±0.0557b	0.390±0.0458c	0.927±0.0416a
w_(AP)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	23.7±0.451a	20.5±7.92 a	4.37±5.51b
w_(TK)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	1.13±0.231b	0.733±0.115b	3.80±0.265a
w_(AK)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	253±77.6a	217±45.0a	64.7±14.4b
w_(ECa)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	14449±1671a	9533±3904b	1165±143c
w_(EMg)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	1380±55.8a	1173±146b	209±25.9c

土壤理化因子	A1	A2	A3
pH	6.42±0.454a	6.56±0.0520a	5.73±0.0929b
w_(SOM)/(g·kg⁻¹)	685±52.3a	748±153.7a	38.6±2.41b
w_(TN)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	17.1±0.811a	16.1±1.48a	1.50±0.131b
w_(TN)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	1029±26.1a	819±272a	157±10.0b
w_(TP)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	0.490±0.0557b	0.390±0.0458c	0.927±0.0416a
w_(AP)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	23.7±0.451a	20.5±7.92 a	4.37±5.51b
w_(TK)/(g∙kg⁻¹)	1.13±0.231b	0.733±0.115b	3.80±0.265a
w_(AK)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	253±77.6a	217±45.0a	64.7±14.4b
w_(ECa)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	14449±1671a	9533±3904b	1165±143c
w_(EMg)/(mg∙kg⁻¹)	1380±55.8a	1173±146b	209±25.9c

样品	种类	ACE指数	Chao1指数	Shannon指数	Simpson 指数	覆盖率
A1	细菌	717±86.3ab	708±96.7a	7.67±0.667a	0.990±0.00390a	97.3%±0.463%a
A1	真菌	276±113a	279±110a	4.89±1.19a	0.885±0.0577a	99.6%±0.155%a
A2	细菌	843±112a	850±103a	8.45±0.294a	0.995±0.00142a	96.7%±1.12%a
A2	真菌	215±121a	212±121a	4.65±1.59a	0.868±0.114a	99.7%±0.110%a
A3	细菌	646±83.2b	664±116a	7.31±0.684a	0.980±0.0127a	96.4%±0.854%a
A3	真菌	248±23.2a	245±25.2a	5.59±1.06a	0.940±0.0358a	99.8%±0.283%a

原生与迁地毛枝五针松根际土壤微生物多样性分析

Analysis of Microbial Diversity of Rhizosphere Soil of Pinus wangii (Pinaceae) in In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation

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土壤理化因子	细菌				真菌
土壤理化因子	解释度/%	贡献率/%	F	P	解释度/%	贡献率/%	F	P
pH	27.2	27.2	4.60	0.0260**²⁾	11.0	11.0	0.900	0.460
SOM	5.50	5.50	0.900	0.406	6.20	6.20	0.800	0.606
TN	0.800	0.800	<0.100	0.892	7.10	7.10	1.00	0.458
TP	2.60	2.60	0.400	0.614	17.9	17.9	2.50	0.0760*¹⁾
TK	1.30	1.30	0.100	0.810	8.00	8.00	1.10	0.442
AP	16.0	16.0	<0.100	1.00	8.30	8.30	<0.100	1.00
ECa	9.30	9.30	0.600	0.606	6.00	6.00	0.700	0.568
EMg	37.4	37.4	4.20	0.0160**	35.5	35.5	4.00	0.0240**

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