广州典型城市林地对大气颗粒物的削减效应及影响因素

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.014

生态环境学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 341-350.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2023.02.014

广州典型城市林地对大气颗粒物的削减效应及影响因素

张莉¹^,²(), 李铖², 谭皓泽²^,³, 韦家怡⁴, 程炯², 彭桂香¹^,^*()

1.华南农业大学资源环境学院，广东广州 510642
2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650
3.广州大学地理科学与遥感学院，广东广州 510006
4.广东省科学院广州地理研究所/广东省遥感与地理信息应用重点实验室/广东省地理时空大数据工程实验室/广东省地理空间信息技术与应用公共实验室，广东广州 510070

收稿日期:2022-11-28 出版日期:2023-02-18 发布日期:2023-05-11
通讯作者: *彭桂香（1968年生），女，副教授，博士，研究领域为土壤学。E-mail: gxpeng@scau.edu.cn
作者简介:张莉（1997年生），女（土家族），硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤学和景观生态学。E-mail: 2279290378@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42071235);国家自然科学基金项目(31970001);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1111530001);广东省科技计划项目(2020B1212060048);广东省科技计划项目(2020GDASYL-20200103084)

Reduction Effect and Influencing Factors of Typical Urban Woodlands on Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Guangzhou

ZHANG Li¹^,²(), LI Cheng², TAN Haoze²^,³, WEI Jiayi⁴, CHENG Jiong², PENG Guixiang¹^,^*()

1. College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, P. R. China
2. National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
3. School of Geography and Remote Sensing, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
4. Key Laboratory of Guangdong for Utilization of Remote Sensing and Geographical Information System/Guangdong Engineering Laboratory for Geographic Spatio-temporal Big Data/Guangdong Open Laboratory of Geospatial Information Technology and Application/Guangzhou Institute of Geography, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, P. R. China

Received:2022-11-28 Online:2023-02-18 Published:2023-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

大气颗粒物是城市大气污染的重要来源，威胁着城市居民健康。城市林地在削减大气颗粒物方面扮演着重要角色。但是，不同林分类型对大气颗粒物的削减作用有何差异及其影响因素，有待进一步研究。以广州市白云山风景名胜区和华南国家植物园典型城市林地为例，选取火力楠-灰木莲林（Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca）、白千层林（Melaleuca leucadendron L.）、湿地松-山油柑-柯林[Pinus elliottii-Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.-Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai]、尾叶桉林（Eucalyptus urophylla S T Blake）、木荷-锥林（Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.-Castanopsis chinensis (Sprengel) Hance）等5种林分类型，分别对林内外大气颗粒物（TSP、PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM_1.0）进行人工对比观测，探讨不同林分类型对大气颗粒物的削减效应，并结合气象因素和林地植被特征，分析削减效应的影响因素。结果表明：（1）总体上，除了（火力楠-灰木莲）林对4种大气颗粒物的削减效率均为负值，其他林分类型对细颗粒物和超细颗粒物（PM_2.5和PM_1.0）具有正削减效应，对总颗粒物和粗颗粒物（TSP和PM₁₀）具有负削减效应；针阔混交林对大气颗粒物的削减效率显著高于其他阔叶林；（2）不同林分的削减效率，在日尺度上多呈“W”或“V”型，峰值与谷值出现的时间与上班通勤高峰与低谷期重合；（3）城市林地对大气颗粒物的削减效应与气象因素（尤其温度和风速）以及植被特征（如冠幅和叶面积指数）呈显著正/负相关。该研究中细颗粒物（PM_2.5和PM_1.0）对林外大气含尘量较敏感，与林外大气颗粒物质量浓度呈显著负相关，这可能与细颗粒物更容易达到峰值（或饱和）有关。在高质量林地建设中，可适当增加针叶树种的种植，优先选择叶面积指数较大的物种，增大林地削减大气颗粒物的能力，改善大气环境。

关键词: 大气颗粒物, 城市林地, 削减, 影响因素, PM₁₀, PM_2.5

Abstract:

Atmospheric particulate matter is an important source of urban air pollution, threatening the health of urban residents. Urban woodlands play an important role in reducing atmospheric particulate matter. However, the differences in the reduction of atmospheric particulate matter by different stand types and their influencing factors need to be further studied. In this study, we took five typical urban woodlands (i.e., Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca woodland, Melaleuca leucadendron L. woodland, Pinus elliottii-Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.-Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai woodland, Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake woodland, and Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.-Castanopsis chinensis (Sprengel) Hance woodland) in Guangzhou as an example. We investigated the interception effects of the five woodlands and analyzed their influencing factors by combing with the meteorological factors and landscape patterns. We found that all the urban woodlands had negative reduction effects on the coarse atmospheric particulate matter (TSP, PM₁₀), while positive reduction effects on the fine particle matter (PM_2.5 and PM_1.0; except for the Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca woodland). The reduction efficiency of coniferous and broadleaf woodland on atmospheric particulate matter was significantly higher than the broad-leaved woodlands. The reduction efficiency of different woodlands showed similar fluctuations on the daily scale, with several peaks and valleys consistent with people’s commute time to work. The reduction effect of urban woodland on atmospheric particulate matter showed significantly positive or negative correlations with the meteorological factors (especially temperature and wind speed) and vegetation characteristics such as crown width and leaf area index. In addition, the fine particles matter (PM_2.5 and PM_1.0) in this study seemed sensitive to the total atmospheric dust out of the woodland as indicated by showing significant and negative correlations with the particulate matter concentrations out of the woodland. This might be due to the fine particulate matter is more likely to peak (or saturate). We suggested planting more coniferous species in broadleaf woodland to increase the ability of woodland to reduce atmospheric particulate matter and improve the atmospheric environment. Our study has limitations in terms of not considering the impacts of autogenous dust generated by the woodland itself (e.g. the pollen) on the atmospheric particle reduction effects, which needs to be further study.

Key words: Atmospheric particulate matter, urban woodland, influencing factors, reduction effect, PM₁₀, PM_2.5

中图分类号:

X173

张莉, 李铖, 谭皓泽, 韦家怡, 程炯, 彭桂香. 广州典型城市林地对大气颗粒物的削减效应及影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(2): 341-350.

ZHANG Li, LI Cheng, TAN Haoze, WEI Jiayi, CHENG Jiong, PENG Guixiang. Reduction Effect and Influencing Factors of Typical Urban Woodlands on Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Guangzhou[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2023, 32(2): 341-350.

图/表 8

参考文献 56

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公园名称	样地	林内外	经度	纬度	距离污染源的最近距离/m	林内外监测点的距离/m	林分类型
华南国家植物园	a1	林内	113.3667	23.1835	229.16	208.57	火力楠-灰木莲 Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca
	a2	林外	113.3647	23.1831	363.09	208.57	火力楠-灰木莲 Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca
	b1	林内	113.3587	23.1871	229.09	31.72	白千层 Melaleuca leucadendron L.
	b2	林外	113.3584	23.1871	212.45	31.72	白千层 Melaleuca leucadendron L.
白云山风景区	c1	林内	113.3055	23.1884	1159.45	139.48	湿地松-山油柑-柯 Pinus elliottii-Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.-Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai
白云山风景区	c2	林外	113.3041	23.1883	1276.07	139.48
华南国家植物园	d1	林内	113.3604	23.1800	518.70	176.70	尾叶桉 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake
华南国家植物园	d2	林外	113.3621	23.1805	416.51	176.70	尾叶桉 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake
白云山风景区	e1	林内	113.2985	23.1844	1711.20	99.06	锥-木荷 Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.-Castanopsis chinensis (Sprengel) Hance
白云山风景区	e2	林外	113.2985	23.1835	1696.63	99.06

公园名称	样地	林内外	经度	纬度	距离污染源的最近距离/m	林内外监测点的距离/m	林分类型
华南国家植物园	a1	林内	113.3667	23.1835	229.16	208.57	火力楠-灰木莲 Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca
	a2	林外	113.3647	23.1831	363.09	208.57	火力楠-灰木莲 Michelia macclurel-Manglietia glauca
	b1	林内	113.3587	23.1871	229.09	31.72	白千层 Melaleuca leucadendron L.
	b2	林外	113.3584	23.1871	212.45	31.72	白千层 Melaleuca leucadendron L.
白云山风景区	c1	林内	113.3055	23.1884	1159.45	139.48	湿地松-山油柑-柯 Pinus elliottii-Acronychia pedunculata (L.) Miq.-Lithocarpus glaber (Thunb.) Nakai
白云山风景区	c2	林外	113.3041	23.1883	1276.07	139.48
华南国家植物园	d1	林内	113.3604	23.1800	518.70	176.70	尾叶桉 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake
华南国家植物园	d2	林外	113.3621	23.1805	416.51	176.70	尾叶桉 Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake
白云山风景区	e1	林内	113.2985	23.1844	1711.20	99.06	锥-木荷 Schima superba Gardn. et Champ.-Castanopsis chinensis (Sprengel) Hance
白云山风景区	e2	林外	113.2985	23.1835	1696.63	99.06

大气颗粒物削减率/质量浓度	颗粒物类型	温度	相对湿度	风速
大气颗粒物削减率/ %	TSP	0.08	-0.12	-0.19^**
	PM₁₀	-0.01	0.03	-0.31^**
	PM_2.5	0.15^**	-0.11	-0.26^**
	PM_1.0	0.21^**	-0.10	-0.23^**
林内大气颗粒物质量浓度/ (μg·m^-3)	TSP	-0.36^**	0.56^**	-0.22^**
	PM₁₀	-0.35^**	0.60^**	-0.22^**
	PM_2.5	-0.36^**	0.63^**	-0.24^**
	PM_1.0	-0.30^**	0.54^**	-0.25^**
林外大气颗粒物质量浓度/ (μg·m^-3)	TSP	-0.38^**	0.58^**	-0.29^**
	PM₁₀	-0.39^**	0.65^**	-0.29^**
	PM_2.5	-0.36^**	0.65^**	-0.27^**
	PM_1.0	-0.30^**	0.57^**	-0.28^**

大气颗粒物削减率/质量浓度	颗粒物类型	温度	相对湿度	风速
大气颗粒物削减率/ %	TSP	0.08	-0.12	-0.19^**
	PM₁₀	-0.01	0.03	-0.31^**
	PM_2.5	0.15^**	-0.11	-0.26^**
	PM_1.0	0.21^**	-0.10	-0.23^**
林内大气颗粒物质量浓度/ (μg·m^-3)	TSP	-0.36^**	0.56^**	-0.22^**
	PM₁₀	-0.35^**	0.60^**	-0.22^**
	PM_2.5	-0.36^**	0.63^**	-0.24^**
	PM_1.0	-0.30^**	0.54^**	-0.25^**
林外大气颗粒物质量浓度/ (μg·m^-3)	TSP	-0.38^**	0.58^**	-0.29^**
	PM₁₀	-0.39^**	0.65^**	-0.29^**
	PM_2.5	-0.36^**	0.65^**	-0.27^**
	PM_1.0	-0.30^**	0.57^**	-0.28^**

颗粒物类型	林外大气颗粒物质量浓度/(μg·m^-3)
颗粒物类型	TSP	PM₁₀	PM_2.5	PM_1.0
TSP	0.04	-0.02	-0.10	-0.09
PM₁₀	0.00	0.01	-0.02	-0.00
PM_2.5	-0.25^**	-0.21^**	-0.22^**	-0.21^**
PM_1.0	-0.29^**	-0.23^**	-0.22^**	-0.21^**

广州典型城市林地对大气颗粒物的削减效应及影响因素

Reduction Effect and Influencing Factors of Typical Urban Woodlands on Atmospheric Particulate Matter in Guangzhou

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尺度	颗粒物类型	冠幅1	冠幅2	平均树高	优势种密度	叶面积指数
半小时 (n=205)	TSP	-0.14^*	-0.12	0.03	0.05	0.22^**
	PM₁₀	-0.31^**	-0.30^**	-0.05	0.02	0.30^**
	PM_2.5	-0.32^**	-0.35^**	-0.11	-0.03	0.27^**
	PM_1.0	-0.31^**	-0.34^**	-0.13	-0.03	0.19^**
日 (n=14)	TSP	-0.03	0.06	-0.07	-0.07	0.15
	PM₁₀	-0.21	-0.18	-0.21	-0.13	0.27
	PM_2.5	-0.36	-0.44	-0.24	-0.10	0.25
	PM_1.0	-0.50	-0.58^*	-0.16	0.02	0.31
林地 (n=5)	TSP	0.03	0.17	-0.09	0.03	0.26
	PM₁₀	-0.20	-0.06	-0.20	0.09	014
	PM_2.5	-0.31	-0.58	-0.49	-0.26	0.09
	PM_1.0	-0.43	-0.73	-0.54	-0.20	0.03

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