氢氧化钠改性坡缕石对Cd污染土壤的钝化修复效果

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.017

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (12): 2422-2430.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.12.017

氢氧化钠改性坡缕石对Cd污染土壤的钝化修复效果

任珺¹^,²^,³^,^*(), 潘佳璇¹^,², 陶玲¹^,²^,³, 仝云龙¹^,², 王若安¹^,², 孙新妮¹^,²

1.甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室，兰州交通大学，甘肃兰州 730070
2.兰州交通大学环境与市政工程学院/环境生态研究所，甘肃兰州 730070
3.甘肃瀚兴环保科技有限公司，甘肃兰州 730070

收稿日期:2021-07-10 出版日期:2022-12-18 发布日期:2023-02-15
通讯作者: *
作者简介:任珺（1968年生），男，教授，博士，从事污染环境生态修复理论与技术研究。E-mail: renjun@mail.lzjtu.cn
基金资助:
甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室项目(20JR2RA002);甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室项目(21YRWEK007);甘肃省黄河水环境重点实验室项目(21YRWEG003);甘肃省教育厅产业支撑计划项目(2021CYZC-31);兰州市人才创新创业项目(2021-RC-41);甘肃省科技计划项目(22CX3GA076)

Stabilization Remediation of Soil Polluted by Cd Using Palygorskite Modified by NaOH

REN Jun¹^,²^,³^,^*(), PAN Jiaxuan¹^,², TAO Ling¹^,²^,³, TONG Yunlong¹^,², WANG Ruo’an¹^,², SUN Xinni¹^,²

1. Key Laboratory of Yellow River Water Environment in Gansu Province, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
2. School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China
3. Gansu Hanxing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Lanzhou 730070, P. R. China

Received:2021-07-10 Online:2022-12-18 Published:2023-02-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤重金属污染原位钝化修复技术主要通过钝化剂的溶解沉淀、离子交换吸附、氧化还原、有机络合等反应来降低土壤中重金属的生物有效性，在重金属污染修复中具有重要意义。为研究NaOH改性坡缕石对污染土壤中Cd的钝化作用，以坡缕石为原料，采用浸渍法，将NaOH与坡缕石按照不同质量比进行改性，并在人工配制的Cd污染土壤上进行钝化实验和盆栽实验，研究NaOH改性坡缕石对Cd污染土壤的钝化效果以及对玉米植株生长性状和玉米植株Cd富集的影响。研究结果显示：与对照相比，添加NaOH改性坡缕石能显著降低土壤中DTPA和TCLP提取有效态Cd含量，提高钝化效率，降低生态风险指数，其中添加NaOH与坡缕石质量比为1?2的改性材料，两种有效态Cd含量降幅最大，分别为22.37%和26.60%。添加NaOH改性坡缕石能有效地改善玉米植株的生长性状。与对照相比，添加质量比为1?2的改性材料后，玉米植株的茎长、根长、茎、根鲜质量和茎、根干质量分别增加了71.45%、65.21%、22.06%、44.44%、33.96%和50%，同时玉米植株茎和根对Cd的富集以及Cd在玉米植株体内的转运均有显著降低，其茎部Cd含量最大降幅为32.01%，根部Cd含量最大降幅为15.67%，转运系数最多可降至0.538，一定程度上有助于Cd固定在土壤和玉米植株的根中，减少其对植物和人体的毒害作用。玉米植株的茎生物量、根生物量与Cd的生物有效态均呈极显著负相关，玉米植株体内的富集系数、转运系数与生物有效态Cd均呈极显著正相关。由此可知，NaOH改性坡缕石在Cd污染土壤的修复工作中，具有较为广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 坡缕石, NaOH, Cd, 土壤, 钝化, 生态风险

Abstract:

In situ stabilization remediation of heavy metal in contaminated soils with amendments can reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil through dissolution/precipitation, exchange/adsorption, oxidation/reduction and organic complex. This method has been considered as a non-replaceable and important measure for contaminated soil remediation. In order to study the stabilization effect of NaOH modified palygorskite on Cd in contaminated soil, this study took palygorskite as raw material and adopted impregnation method to modify NaOH and palygorskite according to different mass ratios, and carried out stabilization experiment and pot experiment on manually prepared Cd contaminated soil. The stabilization effect of NaOH modified palygorskite on Cd-contaminated soil and its effect on growth characteristics and Cd enrichment of maize plants were studied. The results showed that compared with the control, NaOH modified palygorskite could significantly reduce the content of available Cd extracted by DTPA and TCLP, improve the stabilization efficiency, and reduce the ecological risk index. The mass ratio of NaOH to palygorskite was 1?2. The content of available Cd extracted by DTPA and TCLP decreased the most, which were 22.37% and 26.60%, respectively. NaOH modified palygorskite could effectively improve the growth characteristics of maize plants. Compared with the control, the weight ratio of adding NaOH was 1?2. The stem length, root length, stem and root fresh weight and stem and root dry weight of maize increased by 71.45%, 65.21%, 22.06%, 44.44%, 33.96% and 50%, respectively, and the enrichment of Cd in maize plants’ stems and roots and the transport of Cd in maize plants were significantly reduced. The maximum reduction of Cd content in maize stems and roots were 32.01% and 15.67%, respectively. The transfer factor can be reduced to 0.538 at most, which helps Cd to be fixed in soil and roots of maize plants to a certain extent, reducing its toxic effect on plants and human body. The stem biomass and root biomass of maize plants were negatively correlated with the bioavailable Cd, and the bioconcentration factor and transfer factor in maize plants were positively correlated with the bioavailable Cd. In conclusion, NaOH modified palygorskite has a broad application prospect in the remediation of Cd contaminated soil.

Key words: palygorskite, NaOH, Cd, soil, stabilization, ecological risk.

中图分类号:

X53
X171.5

任珺, 潘佳璇, 陶玲, 仝云龙, 王若安, 孙新妮. 氢氧化钠改性坡缕石对Cd污染土壤的钝化修复效果[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(12): 2422-2430.

REN Jun, PAN Jiaxuan, TAO Ling, TONG Yunlong, WANG Ruo’an, SUN Xinni. Stabilization Remediation of Soil Polluted by Cd Using Palygorskite Modified by NaOH[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(12): 2422-2430.

图/表 7

图1 NaOH改性坡缕石钝化土壤中Cd的生物有效态含量不同小写字母表示处理之间差异显著（P<0.05）。下同

Figure 1 The stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH Different lowercase letters indicatesignificant differences between treatments (P<0.05). The same below

表1 NaOH改性坡缕石对土壤中Cd的钝化效率（Es）和生态风险指数（Ier）

Table 1 The stabilization efficiency and ecological risk index of Cd in soil stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH

钝化剂 Stabilizer	钝化效率E_s/%		生态风险指数I_er/%
钝化剂 Stabilizer	DTPA	TCLP	DTPA	TCLP
CK			56.91	35.66
NP01	5.18	4.77	53.96	33.96
NP12	22.37	26.60	44.18	26.18
NP14	16.91	21.41	47.29	27.30
NP16	12.38	12.61	49.86	31.17
NP18	10.47	18.32	50.95	29.13
NP110	6.00	7.56	53.49	32.97

图2 NaOH改性坡缕石钝化土壤中玉米植株的茎长和根长的影响

Figure 2 The stem lenght and root length of corn planted in soils stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH

图3 NaOH改性坡缕石钝化土壤中种植玉米的茎和根的鲜质量和干质量

Figure 3 The fresh and dry weight of stem and root of corn planted in soils stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH

图4 NaOH改性坡缕石钝化土壤中种植玉米的Cd富集量

Figure 4 Cd accumulation of corn planted in soils stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH

表2 NaOH改性坡缕石钝化土壤中种植玉米的Cd生物富集系数（Fbc）和转运系数（Ft）

Table 2 The bioconcentration factor and transfer factor of Cd for corn planted in soils stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH

钝化剂 Stabilizer	茎富集系数 F_{bc shoot}	根富集系数 F_{bc root}	转运系数 F_t
CK	0.391±0.023a	0.572±0.006a	0.683±0.048a
NP01	0.343±0.030b	0.526±0.002b	0.652±0.054ab
NP12	0.260±0.007d	0.483±0.002e	0.538±0.015d
NP14	0.289±0.014c	0.495±0.012d	0.585±0.027cd
NP16	0.296±0.001c	0.494±0.001d	0.599±0.002bc
NP18	0.315±0.001bc	0.509±0.001c	0.620±0.001bc
NP110	0.326±0.011b	0.513±0.001c	0.636±0.022abc
F-value	20.739***	91.179***	7.108***

表3 NaOH改性坡缕石钝化土壤中Cd的生物有效态与玉米植株中Cd之间的相关系数

Table 3 The correlation coefficients between factors about Cd in maize plant and bioavailability of Cd in soils stabilized with palygorskite modified by NaOH

项目 Items	茎生物量 Biomass of stem	根生物量 Biomass of root	茎中Cd富集量 Cd in stem	根中Cd富集量 Cd in root	茎富集系数 F_{bc shoot}	根富集系数 F_{bc root}	转运系数 F_t
DTPA	−0.875**	−0.850**	0.912**	0.825**	0.900**	0.826**	0.872**
TCLP	−0.908**	−0.896**	0.786**	0.787**	0.775**	0.787**	0.703**

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氢氧化钠改性坡缕石对Cd污染土壤的钝化修复效果

Stabilization Remediation of Soil Polluted by Cd Using Palygorskite Modified by NaOH

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