生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (1): 160-169.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.01.018

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

太原市污灌区农田土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价

王飞1(), 赵颖2,3,*   

  1. 1.山西大学体科所,山西 太原 030006
    2.山西省生态环境监测和应急保障中心,山西 太原 030027
    3.山西省生态环境科学研究院,山西 太原 030027
  • 收稿日期:2021-09-23 出版日期:2022-01-18 发布日期:2022-03-10
  • 通讯作者: *
  • 作者简介:王飞（1980年生）,男,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为生态环境保护与治理。E-mail: nemo@sxu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221002-4);山西省重点研发计划项目(201903D321069)

Pollution Characteristics and Risk Assessment of PAHs in Agricultural Soil from Sewage Irrigation Area of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province

WANG Fei1(), ZHAO Ying2,3,*   

  1. 1. Physical Science Institute of Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, P. R. China
    2. Shanxi Provincial Security center of Ecological Environmental Monitoring and Emergency, Taiyuan 030027, P. R. China
    3. Shanxi Provincial Academy of Ecological Environmental Science Taiyuan 030027, P. R. China
  • Received:2021-09-23 Online:2022-01-18 Published:2022-03-10

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摘要：

通过对污灌区农田土壤多环芳烃（Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons,PAHs）的分布特征、污染程度及来源进行解析,深入了解污水灌溉引发的土壤污染问题,实现污水灌溉农田土壤的污染预警和科学合理利用。在太原污灌农田共采集110个土壤样品,使用气相色谱-质谱仪（Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometery,GC-MS）分析美国环境保护署（U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,USEPA）优控的16种PAHs组成与质量分数,运用主成分分析/多元线性回归法（Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression,PCA/MLR）定量分析农田土壤中PAHs的来源。结果表明,污灌区农田土壤中16种PAHs质量分数平均值为3197.57 μg∙kg-1（质量分数范围为214.50—13511.50 µg∙kg-1）,以4—6环PAHs为主。PAHs来源分析表明,小店区农田土壤中PAHs主要来源及其贡献率分别为化石燃料和炼焦66.9%、焦炭源33.1%,晋源区分别为化石燃料53.2%、煤燃烧和炼焦的混合源46.8%,清徐县分别为化石燃料88%、煤木材燃烧和炼焦的混合源12%。平均效应区间中值商法（Mean Effect Range Median-Quotient,QMERM）生态风险评价结果表明,研究区农田土壤中PAHs为低毒性或中低毒性。毒性当量法（Toxic Equivalent Quantity,QTE）进一步分析指出,污灌区农田土壤PAHs的QTE值排序为小店区>晋源区>清徐县,其中7种致癌多环芳烃的QTE值占多环芳烃总量的95%以上,是PAHs毒性风险的主要来源;苯并a芘（Benzo-a-Pyrene,BaP）作为毒性最强的单体之一,其QTE的贡献值为44%—48%,应重点关注。

关键词: 多环芳烃, 农田土壤, 源解析, 污染特征, 生态风险

Abstract:

This study explored the distribution characteristics, pollution status and the source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in farmland soils in sewage irrigation area to reveal and better understand soil pollution problems caused by sewage irrigation. A total of 110 soil samples were collected from farmlands around the sewage irrigation area in Taiyuan city. The 16 priority- controlled PAHs recommended by USEPA were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC-MS) to distinguish their compositions and contents. Principal Component Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression (PCA/MLR) were employed to identify the PAHs source. The mean Effect Range-Median Quotient method (QMERM) and the toxicity equivalent quantity method (QTE) were used to assess the ecological risks. The results showed that the average PAHs content was 3197.57 μg·kg-1 in the sewage irrigation area, dominated by 4-6 ring PAHs. In the Xiaodian area, the pollution sources of PAHs included fossil fuel combustion and coking sources (66.9%), as well as the coke source (33.1%). In the Jinyuan area, the fossil fuel combustion accounted for 53.2% of pollution sources, while the other half were mainly from coal and coking combustion (46.8%). In the Qingxu area, the PAHs pollution was mainly caused by fossil fuel combustion (88%). The secondary cause was the co-combustion of coal, wood and coke (12%). Results of the risk assessment showed that the agricultural soil was low or moderate in toxicity. The Xiaodian area showed a higher PAHs value based on the QTE results, followed by Jinyuan and Qingxu areas. Moreover, the 7 carcinogenic PAHs were the main source compositions which accounted for more than 90% of PAHs contents. Benzo-a-Pyrene (BaP) was the most toxic monocase as it contributed to 48%-50% of QTE concentrations and thus should be given more attention.

Key words: polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, farmland soil, source, pollution characteristic, ecological risk

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