生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (4): 750-758.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.04.013
陈雪泉1(), 孔彬2,*, 兰青1,**(
), 余志铨3,**, 谢银斯1, 黄俊毅1
收稿日期:
2021-08-31
出版日期:
2022-04-18
发布日期:
2022-06-22
通讯作者:
**兰青,E-mail: 724666796@qq.com作者简介:
陈雪泉(1990生),男,硕士,主要从事大气污染监测与控制研究。E-mail: chenxuequan00@163.com*陈雪泉和孔彬为共同第一作者,对本文具有相同的贡献
基金资助:
CHEN Xuequan1(), KONG Bin2,*, LAN Qing1,**(
), YU Zhiquan3,**, XIE Yinsi1, HUANG Junyi1
Received:
2021-08-31
Online:
2022-04-18
Published:
2022-06-22
摘要:
近年来中国环境空气质量得到明显的改善,细颗粒物污染的治理成效显著,PM2.5浓度有所下降,但是对于臭氧污染引起的环境空气质量问题,却越发显著。臭氧污染的防控成为当前环境空气质量的工作重点,而控制挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)臭氧前体物的排放是有效防治臭氧污染的关键。为改善区域环境空气质量,深化各行业企业VOCs排放的精细化管控,采用冷阱浓缩-气相色谱/质谱法测定了胶黏剂生产行业废气VOCs组分浓度,研究了其VOCs组成特征,分析了其臭氧生成潜势(OFP)特征。结果表明:与其他典型有机溶剂使用行业相比,胶黏剂生产行业有组织废气VOCs具有独特的排放特征,其VOCs组分以含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)为主,占比81.23%,其中丙酮和2-丁酮是特征的VOCs物种,质量浓度分别为26.570 mg∙m-3和13.720 mg∙m-3。工艺源废气OFP达到49.506 mg∙m-3,经过活性炭吸附处理后OFP降至3.161 mg∙m-3,下降幅度达93.6%。在活性炭脱附再生过程中,催化燃烧(RCO)后排放的废气TVOCs质量浓度达到16.069 mg∙m-3,OFP为14.739 mg∙m-3,催化燃烧后排放的废气引起的臭氧污染问题值得关注。相比有组织排放工艺废气,生产车间和厂界无组织排放点TVOCs质量浓度分别为0.342 mg∙m-3和0.385 mg∙m-3,OFP为0.313 mg∙m-3和0.354 mg∙m-3,VOCs质量浓度较低,VOCs污染物主要以有组织排放形式为主。由于胶黏剂生产工艺过程中大量有机溶剂的使用,导致其VOCs污染以丙酮和2-丁酮污染为主要特征,应严格控制企业大规模有机溶剂的使用,加大水性胶黏剂对溶剂型胶黏剂的替代。
中图分类号:
陈雪泉, 孔彬, 兰青, 余志铨, 谢银斯, 黄俊毅. 胶黏剂生产行业VOCs组分特征及臭氧生成潜势分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(4): 750-758.
CHEN Xuequan, KONG Bin, LAN Qing, YU Zhiquan, XIE Yinsi, HUANG Junyi. Emission Characteristics and Ozone Formation Potential Assessment of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from Adhesive Manufacturing Industry[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(4): 750-758.
编号 Number | 采样点位置 Sampling location | 污染源类型 Source type | 采样时间 Sampling duration |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 活性炭吸附进口 | 有组织 | 瞬时采集 |
2 | 废气排放口 | 有组织 | 瞬时采集 |
3 | RCO燃烧废气出口 | 有组织 | 瞬时采集 |
4 | 车间 | 无组织 | 1 h |
5 | 企业边界 | 无组织 | 1 h |
表1 采样点位置信息表
Table 1 The specification of sampling point location
编号 Number | 采样点位置 Sampling location | 污染源类型 Source type | 采样时间 Sampling duration |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 活性炭吸附进口 | 有组织 | 瞬时采集 |
2 | 废气排放口 | 有组织 | 瞬时采集 |
3 | RCO燃烧废气出口 | 有组织 | 瞬时采集 |
4 | 车间 | 无组织 | 1 h |
5 | 企业边界 | 无组织 | 1 h |
类别/组分 Type/Component | 工艺源废气 Source emission | 排放口废气 Exhaust mission | RCO燃烧废气 RCO combustion emission | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m-3) | 占比% Proportion | 质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m-3) | 占比% Proportion | 质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m-3) | 占比% Proportion | ||||
脂肪烃 Aliphatic hydrocarbon | 乙烷 Ethane | 1.21 | 0.002 | 1.55 | 0.034 | 3.49 | 0.022 | ||
丙烷 Dimethylmethane | 0.86 | 0.002 | 0.79 | 0.017 | 2.27 | 0.014 | |||
异丁烷 Iso-butane | 2.66 | 0.005 | 1.51 | 0.033 | 66.10 | 0.411 | |||
正戊烷 N-pentane | 120.94 | 0.219 | 3.45 | 0.076 | 72.13 | 0.449 | |||
2, 2-二甲基丁烷 2, 2-dimethylbutane | 999.06 | 1.806 | 24.86 | 0.548 | 460.21 | 2.862 | |||
环戊烷 Cyclopentane | 550.42 | 0.995 | 61.96 | 1.366 | 407.41 | 2.534 | |||
2, 3-二甲基丁烷 2, 3-Dimethylbutane | 761.80 | 1.377 | 21.66 | 0.477 | 310.63 | 1.932 | |||
2-甲基戊烷 2-methylpentane | 1906.4 | 3.445 | 53.31 | 1.175 | 717.81 | 4.464 | |||
3-甲基戊烷 3-methylpentane | 935.14 | 1.690 | 17.76 | 0.391 | 344.44 | 2.142 | |||
正己烷 N-hexane | 90.87 | 0.164 | 7.56 | 0.167 | 175.18 | 1.090 | |||
甲基环戊烷 Methylcyclopentane | 89.44 | 0.161 | 4.49 | 0.099 | 119.51 | 0.743 | |||
2,4-二甲基戊烷 2, 4-Dimethylpentan | 105.70 | 0.191 | 2.30 | 0.051 | 72.12 | 0.449 | |||
环己烷 Cyclohexane | 93.84 | 0.170 | 5.00 | 0.110 | 118.28 | 0.736 | |||
2-甲基己烷 2-Methylhexane | 858.60 | 1.552 | 32.71 | 0.721 | 453.11 | 2.818 | |||
2, 3-二甲基戊烷 2, 3-Dimethylpentan | 483.76 | 0.874 | 14.34 | 0.316 | 269.62 | 1.677 | |||
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane | 982.55 | 1.776 | 43.62 | 0.961 | 518.47 | 3.225 | |||
正庚烷 N-heptane | 668.50 | 1.208 | 18.37 | 0.405 | 313.70 | 1.951 | |||
甲基环己烷 Methyl cyclohexane | 216.08 | 0.391 | 2.18 | 0.048 | 79.59 | 0.495 | |||
2-甲基庚烷 2-Methylheptane | 100.62 | 0.182 | 0.45 | 0.010 | 29.26 | 0.182 | |||
3-甲基庚烷 3-Methylheptane | 134.97 | 0.244 | 0.12 | 0.003 | 23.47 | 0.146 | |||
正辛烷 N-octane | 93.39 | 0.169 | 0.10 | 0.002 | 13.10 | 0.081 | |||
芳香烃 Aromatic hydrocarbon | 苯 Benzene | 2.67 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.016 | 9.74 | 0.061 | ||
甲苯 Methylbenzene | 1090.58 | 1.971 | 121.46 | 2.677 | 337.81 | 2.101 | |||
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 19.90 | 0.036 | 0.35 | 0.008 | 1.65 | 0.010 | |||
苯乙烯 Cinnamene | 10.99 | 0.020 | 0.30 | 0.007 | 20.19 | 0.126 | |||
间(对)二甲苯 M-Xylene | 55.69 | 0.101 | 0.52 | 0.011 | 7.58 | 0.047 | |||
邻二甲苯 O-Xylene | 15.00 | 0.027 | 0.40 | 0.009 | 1.87 | 0.012 | |||
OVOCs | 丙酮 Acetone | 26569 | 48.017 | 3902 | 86.010 | 8982 | 55.864 | ||
异丙醇 Isopropanol | 327.14 | 0.591 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.000 | |||
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | 13720 | 24.796 | 95.34 | 2.102 | 2105 | 13.092 | |||
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | 4324.51 | 7.816 | 97.50 | 2.149 | 42.64 | 0.265 | |||
TVOCs | 55328 | 100 | 4537 | 100 | 16069 | 100 |
表2 胶黏剂生产企业工艺废气VOCs组成特征
Table 2 The volatile organic compounds (VOCs characteristics of waste gas emitted from adhesive synthesis factory
类别/组分 Type/Component | 工艺源废气 Source emission | 排放口废气 Exhaust mission | RCO燃烧废气 RCO combustion emission | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m-3) | 占比% Proportion | 质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m-3) | 占比% Proportion | 质量浓度 ρ/(μg∙m-3) | 占比% Proportion | ||||
脂肪烃 Aliphatic hydrocarbon | 乙烷 Ethane | 1.21 | 0.002 | 1.55 | 0.034 | 3.49 | 0.022 | ||
丙烷 Dimethylmethane | 0.86 | 0.002 | 0.79 | 0.017 | 2.27 | 0.014 | |||
异丁烷 Iso-butane | 2.66 | 0.005 | 1.51 | 0.033 | 66.10 | 0.411 | |||
正戊烷 N-pentane | 120.94 | 0.219 | 3.45 | 0.076 | 72.13 | 0.449 | |||
2, 2-二甲基丁烷 2, 2-dimethylbutane | 999.06 | 1.806 | 24.86 | 0.548 | 460.21 | 2.862 | |||
环戊烷 Cyclopentane | 550.42 | 0.995 | 61.96 | 1.366 | 407.41 | 2.534 | |||
2, 3-二甲基丁烷 2, 3-Dimethylbutane | 761.80 | 1.377 | 21.66 | 0.477 | 310.63 | 1.932 | |||
2-甲基戊烷 2-methylpentane | 1906.4 | 3.445 | 53.31 | 1.175 | 717.81 | 4.464 | |||
3-甲基戊烷 3-methylpentane | 935.14 | 1.690 | 17.76 | 0.391 | 344.44 | 2.142 | |||
正己烷 N-hexane | 90.87 | 0.164 | 7.56 | 0.167 | 175.18 | 1.090 | |||
甲基环戊烷 Methylcyclopentane | 89.44 | 0.161 | 4.49 | 0.099 | 119.51 | 0.743 | |||
2,4-二甲基戊烷 2, 4-Dimethylpentan | 105.70 | 0.191 | 2.30 | 0.051 | 72.12 | 0.449 | |||
环己烷 Cyclohexane | 93.84 | 0.170 | 5.00 | 0.110 | 118.28 | 0.736 | |||
2-甲基己烷 2-Methylhexane | 858.60 | 1.552 | 32.71 | 0.721 | 453.11 | 2.818 | |||
2, 3-二甲基戊烷 2, 3-Dimethylpentan | 483.76 | 0.874 | 14.34 | 0.316 | 269.62 | 1.677 | |||
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane | 982.55 | 1.776 | 43.62 | 0.961 | 518.47 | 3.225 | |||
正庚烷 N-heptane | 668.50 | 1.208 | 18.37 | 0.405 | 313.70 | 1.951 | |||
甲基环己烷 Methyl cyclohexane | 216.08 | 0.391 | 2.18 | 0.048 | 79.59 | 0.495 | |||
2-甲基庚烷 2-Methylheptane | 100.62 | 0.182 | 0.45 | 0.010 | 29.26 | 0.182 | |||
3-甲基庚烷 3-Methylheptane | 134.97 | 0.244 | 0.12 | 0.003 | 23.47 | 0.146 | |||
正辛烷 N-octane | 93.39 | 0.169 | 0.10 | 0.002 | 13.10 | 0.081 | |||
芳香烃 Aromatic hydrocarbon | 苯 Benzene | 2.67 | 0.05 | 0.74 | 0.016 | 9.74 | 0.061 | ||
甲苯 Methylbenzene | 1090.58 | 1.971 | 121.46 | 2.677 | 337.81 | 2.101 | |||
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 19.90 | 0.036 | 0.35 | 0.008 | 1.65 | 0.010 | |||
苯乙烯 Cinnamene | 10.99 | 0.020 | 0.30 | 0.007 | 20.19 | 0.126 | |||
间(对)二甲苯 M-Xylene | 55.69 | 0.101 | 0.52 | 0.011 | 7.58 | 0.047 | |||
邻二甲苯 O-Xylene | 15.00 | 0.027 | 0.40 | 0.009 | 1.87 | 0.012 | |||
OVOCs | 丙酮 Acetone | 26569 | 48.017 | 3902 | 86.010 | 8982 | 55.864 | ||
异丙醇 Isopropanol | 327.14 | 0.591 | 0.00 | 0.000 | 0.00 | 0.000 | |||
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | 13720 | 24.796 | 95.34 | 2.102 | 2105 | 13.092 | |||
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | 4324.51 | 7.816 | 97.50 | 2.149 | 42.64 | 0.265 | |||
TVOCs | 55328 | 100 | 4537 | 100 | 16069 | 100 |
典型行业 Typical industry | 主要VOCs组分 VOCs characteristics | 文献来源 Reference |
---|---|---|
胶黏剂合成 Adhesive synthesis | 丙酮 (48.0%)、2-丁酮 (24.8%)、乙酸乙酯 (7.8%)、2-甲基戊烷 (3.4%)、甲苯 (1.9%) | 本文 |
油漆制造 Paint manufacturing | 2-甲基戊烷 (16.7%)、甲苯 (14.0%)、乙酸乙酯 (10.1%)、3-甲基戊烷 (8.6%)、邻二甲苯 (6.4%)、间二甲苯 (6.1%)、对二甲苯 (6.1%)、乙醇 (5.7%)。 | 包亦姝等, |
印刷 Printing | 异丙醇 (42.85%)、2-甲基己烷 (7.18%)、3-甲基己烷 (6.35%)、庚烷 (6.34%) | 方莉等, |
正癸烷 (12.3%)、正壬烷 (8.2%)、丙酮 (8.2%)、正十一烷 (7.0%)、正丁醛 (5.2%) | 莫梓伟等, | |
乙醇 (36.5%)、乙酸乙酯 (11.8%)、异丙醇 (11.0%)、邻二甲苯 (8.4%)、对二甲苯 (6.0%)、间二甲苯 (6.0%)、丙酮 (5.4%) | 包亦姝等, | |
家具制造 Cabinet making | 乙醇 (36.71%)、乙酸乙酯 (8.22%)、丙酮 (7.77%)、二氯甲烷 (7.35%)、间/对-二甲苯 (5.51%) | 方莉等, |
乙酸乙酯 (17.3%)、邻二甲苯 (10.0%)、乙醇 (9.5%)、间二甲苯 (9.0%)、对二甲苯 (9.0%)、甲苯 (6.8%)、异丙醇 (6.3%)、乙苯 (5.1%) | 包亦姝等, | |
人造板制造 Wood-based panel manufacturing | 乙醇 (33.7%)、乙酸乙酯 (20.4%)、异丙醇 (13.4%) | 包亦姝等, |
汽车制造 Automobile making | 丙酮 (15.3%)、3-甲基己烷 (7.1%)、正庚烷 (6.0%)、2-甲基己烷 (5.0%)、间/对-二甲苯 (5.0%) | 莫梓伟等, |
表3 部分典型有机溶剂使用行业废气VOCs成分特征
Table 3 The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) characteristics of waste gas emitted from typical organic solvent industry
典型行业 Typical industry | 主要VOCs组分 VOCs characteristics | 文献来源 Reference |
---|---|---|
胶黏剂合成 Adhesive synthesis | 丙酮 (48.0%)、2-丁酮 (24.8%)、乙酸乙酯 (7.8%)、2-甲基戊烷 (3.4%)、甲苯 (1.9%) | 本文 |
油漆制造 Paint manufacturing | 2-甲基戊烷 (16.7%)、甲苯 (14.0%)、乙酸乙酯 (10.1%)、3-甲基戊烷 (8.6%)、邻二甲苯 (6.4%)、间二甲苯 (6.1%)、对二甲苯 (6.1%)、乙醇 (5.7%)。 | 包亦姝等, |
印刷 Printing | 异丙醇 (42.85%)、2-甲基己烷 (7.18%)、3-甲基己烷 (6.35%)、庚烷 (6.34%) | 方莉等, |
正癸烷 (12.3%)、正壬烷 (8.2%)、丙酮 (8.2%)、正十一烷 (7.0%)、正丁醛 (5.2%) | 莫梓伟等, | |
乙醇 (36.5%)、乙酸乙酯 (11.8%)、异丙醇 (11.0%)、邻二甲苯 (8.4%)、对二甲苯 (6.0%)、间二甲苯 (6.0%)、丙酮 (5.4%) | 包亦姝等, | |
家具制造 Cabinet making | 乙醇 (36.71%)、乙酸乙酯 (8.22%)、丙酮 (7.77%)、二氯甲烷 (7.35%)、间/对-二甲苯 (5.51%) | 方莉等, |
乙酸乙酯 (17.3%)、邻二甲苯 (10.0%)、乙醇 (9.5%)、间二甲苯 (9.0%)、对二甲苯 (9.0%)、甲苯 (6.8%)、异丙醇 (6.3%)、乙苯 (5.1%) | 包亦姝等, | |
人造板制造 Wood-based panel manufacturing | 乙醇 (33.7%)、乙酸乙酯 (20.4%)、异丙醇 (13.4%) | 包亦姝等, |
汽车制造 Automobile making | 丙酮 (15.3%)、3-甲基己烷 (7.1%)、正庚烷 (6.0%)、2-甲基己烷 (5.0%)、间/对-二甲苯 (5.0%) | 莫梓伟等, |
物种 species | 298 K | γi | 工艺源废气 Source emission | 吸附后排放 Exhaust mission | RCO排放 RCO emission | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C′ (×10-9) | | C′ (×10-9) | | C′ (×10-9) | | |||||
乙烷 Ethane | 0.9 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.87 | ||
丙烷 Dimethylmethane | 1.15 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.06 | 1.09 | ||
异丁烷 Iso-butane | 2.12 | 1.21 | 0.09 | 3.21 | 0.05 | 1.82 | 2.25 | 79.98 | ||
正戊烷 N-pentane | 3.94 | 1.04 | 6.14 | 125.78 | 0.17 | 3.58 | 3.66 | 75.02 | ||
2, 2-二甲基丁烷 2, 2-dimethylbutane | 2.32 | 0.82 | 25.00 | 819.23 | 0.62 | 20.38 | 11.52 | 377.37 | ||
环戊烷 Cyclopentane | 5.16 | 2.4 | 37.65 | 1321.01 | 4.24 | 148.70 | 27.87 | 977.80 | ||
2, 3-二甲基丁烷 2, 3-Dimethylbutane | 6.3 | 1.07 | 51.77 | 815.12 | 1.47 | 23.18 | 21.11 | 332.38 | ||
2-甲基戊烷 2-methylpentane | 5.6 | 1.5 | 115.17 | 2859.63 | 3.22 | 79.97 | 43.36 | 1076.71 | ||
3-甲基戊烷3-methylpentane | 5.7 | 1.5 | 57.50 | 1402.70 | 1.09 | 26.63 | 21.18 | 516.66 | ||
正己烷 N-hexane | 5.61 | 0.98 | 5.50 | 89.06 | 0.46 | 7.41 | 10.60 | 171.67 | ||
甲基环戊烷 Methylcyclopentane | — | 2.8 | — | 250.42 | — | 12.58 | — | 334.62 | ||
2, 4-二甲基戊烷 2, 4-Dimethylpentan | 4.77 | 1.5 | 4.68 | 158.54 | 0.10 | 3.46 | 3.19 | 108.18 | ||
环己烷 Cyclohexane | 7.49 | 1.28 | 7.76 | 120.12 | 0.41 | 6.40 | 9.79 | 151.40 | ||
2-甲基己烷 2-Methylhexane | — | 0.96 | — | 824.26 | — | 31.41 | — | 434.99 | ||
2, 3-二甲基戊烷 2, 3-Dimethylpentan | — | 1.31 | — | 633.72 | — | 18.78 | — | 353.21 | ||
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane | — | 1.4 | — | 1375.57 | — | 61.06 | — | 725.86 | ||
正庚烷 N-heptane | 7.15 | 0.81 | 44.35 | 541.49 | 1.22 | 14.88 | 20.81 | 254.10 | ||
甲基环己烷Methyl cyclohexane | 10.4 | 1.8 | 21.28 | 388.94 | 0.21 | 3.91 | 7.84 | 143.27 | ||
2-甲基庚烷 2-Methylheptane | — | 0.96 | — | 96.59 | — | 0.43 | — | 18.48 | ||
3-甲基庚烷 3-Methylheptane | — | 0.96 | — | 133.62 | — | 0.12 | — | 23.24 | ||
正辛烷 N-octane | 8.68 | 0.6 | 6.60 | 56.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.93 | 7.86 | ||
苯 Benzene | 1.23 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 1.12 | 0.01 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 4.09 | ||
甲苯 Methylbenzene | 5.96 | 2.7 | 65.68 | 2944.56 | 7.32 | 327.95 | 20.35 | 912.08 | ||
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 7.1 | 2.7 | 0.93 | 40.23 | 0.02 | 0.95 | 0.10 | 4.5 | ||
苯乙烯 Cinnamene | — | 2.2 | — | 24.17 | — | 0.66 | — | 44.43 | ||
间(对)二甲苯 M-Xylene | 19 | 7.4 | 9.27 | 412.10 | 0.09 | 3.84 | 1.26 | 56.09 | ||
邻二甲苯 O-Xylene | 13.7 | 6.5 | 1.78 | 97.52 | 0.05 | 2.59 | 0.22 | 12.7 | ||
丙酮 Acetone | 0.17 | 0.56 | 72.40 | 14879.05 | 10.63 | 2185.27 | 24.48 | 5030.11 | ||
异丙醇 Isopropanol | 5.1 | 0.54 | 25.85 | 176.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | 1.22 | 1.18 | 216.14 | 16189.98 | 1.50 | 112.50 | 33.17 | 2484.24 | ||
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | — | 0.63 | — | 2724.44 | — | 61.42 | — | 26.86 | ||
总和 Total | 775.63 | 49505.58 | 32.93 | 3161.03 | 263.91 | 14739.27 |
表4 排放工艺废气各VOCs组分光化学反应特性参数及臭氧生成评估
Table 4 The VOCs concentrations and photochemical properties of measured species from industrial waste gas
物种 species | 298 K | γi | 工艺源废气 Source emission | 吸附后排放 Exhaust mission | RCO排放 RCO emission | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C′ (×10-9) | | C′ (×10-9) | | C′ (×10-9) | | |||||
乙烷 Ethane | 0.9 | 0.25 | 0.01 | 0.30 | 0.01 | 0.39 | 0.03 | 0.87 | ||
丙烷 Dimethylmethane | 1.15 | 0.48 | 0.02 | 0.41 | 0.02 | 0.38 | 0.06 | 1.09 | ||
异丁烷 Iso-butane | 2.12 | 1.21 | 0.09 | 3.21 | 0.05 | 1.82 | 2.25 | 79.98 | ||
正戊烷 N-pentane | 3.94 | 1.04 | 6.14 | 125.78 | 0.17 | 3.58 | 3.66 | 75.02 | ||
2, 2-二甲基丁烷 2, 2-dimethylbutane | 2.32 | 0.82 | 25.00 | 819.23 | 0.62 | 20.38 | 11.52 | 377.37 | ||
环戊烷 Cyclopentane | 5.16 | 2.4 | 37.65 | 1321.01 | 4.24 | 148.70 | 27.87 | 977.80 | ||
2, 3-二甲基丁烷 2, 3-Dimethylbutane | 6.3 | 1.07 | 51.77 | 815.12 | 1.47 | 23.18 | 21.11 | 332.38 | ||
2-甲基戊烷 2-methylpentane | 5.6 | 1.5 | 115.17 | 2859.63 | 3.22 | 79.97 | 43.36 | 1076.71 | ||
3-甲基戊烷3-methylpentane | 5.7 | 1.5 | 57.50 | 1402.70 | 1.09 | 26.63 | 21.18 | 516.66 | ||
正己烷 N-hexane | 5.61 | 0.98 | 5.50 | 89.06 | 0.46 | 7.41 | 10.60 | 171.67 | ||
甲基环戊烷 Methylcyclopentane | — | 2.8 | — | 250.42 | — | 12.58 | — | 334.62 | ||
2, 4-二甲基戊烷 2, 4-Dimethylpentan | 4.77 | 1.5 | 4.68 | 158.54 | 0.10 | 3.46 | 3.19 | 108.18 | ||
环己烷 Cyclohexane | 7.49 | 1.28 | 7.76 | 120.12 | 0.41 | 6.40 | 9.79 | 151.40 | ||
2-甲基己烷 2-Methylhexane | — | 0.96 | — | 824.26 | — | 31.41 | — | 434.99 | ||
2, 3-二甲基戊烷 2, 3-Dimethylpentan | — | 1.31 | — | 633.72 | — | 18.78 | — | 353.21 | ||
3-甲基己烷 3-Methylhexane | — | 1.4 | — | 1375.57 | — | 61.06 | — | 725.86 | ||
正庚烷 N-heptane | 7.15 | 0.81 | 44.35 | 541.49 | 1.22 | 14.88 | 20.81 | 254.10 | ||
甲基环己烷Methyl cyclohexane | 10.4 | 1.8 | 21.28 | 388.94 | 0.21 | 3.91 | 7.84 | 143.27 | ||
2-甲基庚烷 2-Methylheptane | — | 0.96 | — | 96.59 | — | 0.43 | — | 18.48 | ||
3-甲基庚烷 3-Methylheptane | — | 0.96 | — | 133.62 | — | 0.12 | — | 23.24 | ||
正辛烷 N-octane | 8.68 | 0.6 | 6.60 | 56.03 | 0.01 | 0.06 | 0.93 | 7.86 | ||
苯 Benzene | 1.23 | 0.42 | 0.04 | 1.12 | 0.01 | 0.31 | 0.14 | 4.09 | ||
甲苯 Methylbenzene | 5.96 | 2.7 | 65.68 | 2944.56 | 7.32 | 327.95 | 20.35 | 912.08 | ||
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | 7.1 | 2.7 | 0.93 | 40.23 | 0.02 | 0.95 | 0.10 | 4.5 | ||
苯乙烯 Cinnamene | — | 2.2 | — | 24.17 | — | 0.66 | — | 44.43 | ||
间(对)二甲苯 M-Xylene | 19 | 7.4 | 9.27 | 412.10 | 0.09 | 3.84 | 1.26 | 56.09 | ||
邻二甲苯 O-Xylene | 13.7 | 6.5 | 1.78 | 97.52 | 0.05 | 2.59 | 0.22 | 12.7 | ||
丙酮 Acetone | 0.17 | 0.56 | 72.40 | 14879.05 | 10.63 | 2185.27 | 24.48 | 5030.11 | ||
异丙醇 Isopropanol | 5.1 | 0.54 | 25.85 | 176.66 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | 1.22 | 1.18 | 216.14 | 16189.98 | 1.50 | 112.50 | 33.17 | 2484.24 | ||
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | — | 0.63 | — | 2724.44 | — | 61.42 | — | 26.86 | ||
总和 Total | 775.63 | 49505.58 | 32.93 | 3161.03 | 263.91 | 14739.27 |
图2 本研究中有组织废气OFP组成与典型有机溶剂使用行业的相关结果比对
Figure 2 The comparison of ozone formation potential of organized emissions in this thesis with other typical organic solvent industry
物种 Species | 车间 Workshop | 厂界 Factory boundary | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
质量浓度 (ρi) Mass concentration | 臭氧生成潜势) Ozone formation potential | 质量浓度 (ρi) Mass concentration | 臭氧生成潜势) Ozone formation potential | ||
乙烯 Ethylene | — | — | 2.71 | 20.02 | |
乙烷 Ethane | — | — | 0.57 | 0.14 | |
丙烷 Dimethylmethane | — | — | 0.12 | 0.06 | |
异丁烷 Iso-butane | — | — | 0.23 | 0.28 | |
正戊烷 Npentane | — | — | 0.29 | 0.30 | |
2, 3-二甲基丁烷 2, 3-Dimethylbutane | — | — | 3.00 | 3.21 | |
2-甲基戊烷 2-methylpentane | 17.94 | 26.92 | 3.27 | 4.91 | |
3- 甲基戊烷 3-methylpentane | — | — | 0.26 | 0.39 | |
正己烷 N-hexane | — | — | 0.35 | 0.34 | |
苯 Benzene | — | — | 1.46 | 0.61 | |
环己烷 Cyclohexane | — | — | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
2-甲基己烷 2-methylhexane | 1.38 | 1.32 | 0.24 | 0.23 | |
2, 3-二甲基戊烷 2, 3-Dimethylpentane | 0.66 | 0.86 | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
2, 2, 4-三甲基戊烷 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane | 1.02 | 0.95 | — | — | |
3-甲基己烷 3-methylhexane | 1.91 | 2.67 | 0.31 | 0.44 | |
正庚烷 N-heptane | — | — | 0.17 | 0.14 | |
甲苯 Methylbenzene | 20.00 | 53.99 | 35.5 | 95.87 | |
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | — | — | 0.40 | 1.09 | |
间(对)二甲苯 M-Xylene | — | — | 1.07 | 7.90 | |
丙酮 Acetone | 176.96 | 99.10 | — | — | |
苯乙烯 Cinnamene | — | — | 2.18 | 4.80 | |
邻二甲苯 O-xylene | — | — | 0.49 | 3.20 | |
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | 91.11 | 107.51 | — | — | |
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | 31.40 | 19.78 | 332.63 | 209.55 | |
总计 Total | 342.38 | 313.10 | 385.47 | 353.78 |
表5 无组织排放VOCs组分特征及光化学生成潜势
Table 5 The VOCs concentration and ozone formation potential characteristics of measured species from unorganized emissions μg∙m-3
物种 Species | 车间 Workshop | 厂界 Factory boundary | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
质量浓度 (ρi) Mass concentration | 臭氧生成潜势) Ozone formation potential | 质量浓度 (ρi) Mass concentration | 臭氧生成潜势) Ozone formation potential | ||
乙烯 Ethylene | — | — | 2.71 | 20.02 | |
乙烷 Ethane | — | — | 0.57 | 0.14 | |
丙烷 Dimethylmethane | — | — | 0.12 | 0.06 | |
异丁烷 Iso-butane | — | — | 0.23 | 0.28 | |
正戊烷 Npentane | — | — | 0.29 | 0.30 | |
2, 3-二甲基丁烷 2, 3-Dimethylbutane | — | — | 3.00 | 3.21 | |
2-甲基戊烷 2-methylpentane | 17.94 | 26.92 | 3.27 | 4.91 | |
3- 甲基戊烷 3-methylpentane | — | — | 0.26 | 0.39 | |
正己烷 N-hexane | — | — | 0.35 | 0.34 | |
苯 Benzene | — | — | 1.46 | 0.61 | |
环己烷 Cyclohexane | — | — | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
2-甲基己烷 2-methylhexane | 1.38 | 1.32 | 0.24 | 0.23 | |
2, 3-二甲基戊烷 2, 3-Dimethylpentane | 0.66 | 0.86 | 0.11 | 0.14 | |
2, 2, 4-三甲基戊烷 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane | 1.02 | 0.95 | — | — | |
3-甲基己烷 3-methylhexane | 1.91 | 2.67 | 0.31 | 0.44 | |
正庚烷 N-heptane | — | — | 0.17 | 0.14 | |
甲苯 Methylbenzene | 20.00 | 53.99 | 35.5 | 95.87 | |
乙苯 Ethylbenzene | — | — | 0.40 | 1.09 | |
间(对)二甲苯 M-Xylene | — | — | 1.07 | 7.90 | |
丙酮 Acetone | 176.96 | 99.10 | — | — | |
苯乙烯 Cinnamene | — | — | 2.18 | 4.80 | |
邻二甲苯 O-xylene | — | — | 0.49 | 3.20 | |
2-丁酮 2-Butanone | 91.11 | 107.51 | — | — | |
乙酸乙酯 Ethyl acetate | 31.40 | 19.78 | 332.63 | 209.55 | |
总计 Total | 342.38 | 313.10 | 385.47 | 353.78 |
[1] | ATKINSON R, 1991. Kinetics and mechanisms of the gas-phase reactions of the hydroxyl radical with organic compounds[J]. International Journal of Chemical Kinetics, 20(3): 459-507. |
[2] | CARTER W, 1991. Development of ozone reactivity scales for volatile organic compounds[J]. Air & Waste, 44(7): 881-899. |
[3] |
CHEN K, FIORE A M, CHEN R, et al., 2018. Future ozone-related acute excess mortality under climate and population change scenarios in China: A modeling study[J]. PLoS Medicine, 15(7): e1002598.
DOI URL |
[4] | KUROKAWA J, OHARA T, MORIKAWA T, et al., 2013. Emissions of air pollutants and greenhouse gases over Asian regions during 2000-2008: Regional Emission inventory in Asia (REAS) version 2[J]. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13(21): 11019-11058. |
[5] | TURNER M C, JERRETT M, C. ARDEN POPE III, et al., 2016. Long-term ozone exposure and mortality in a large prospective study[J]. American Journal of Respiratory & Critical Care Medicine, 193(10): 1134-1142. |
[6] |
WEI W, WANG S X, CHATANI S, et al., 2008. Emission and speciation of non-methane volatile organic compounds from anthropogenic sources in China[J]. Atmospheric Environment, 42(20): 4976-4988.
DOI URL |
[7] |
YIN P, CHEN R J, WANG L J, et al., 2017. Ambient ozone pollution and daily mortality: A nationwide study in 272 Chinese Cities[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(11): 117006.
DOI URL |
[8] |
ZHANG Q, ZHENG Y X, TONG D, et al., 2019. Drivers of improved PM2.5 air quality in China from 2013 to 2017 [J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, DOI: 10.1073/PNAS.1907956116.
DOI |
[9] |
ZHANG Y L, WANG X M, ZHOU Z, et al., 2015. Sources of C2-C4 alkenes, the most important ozone nonmethane hydrocarbon precursors in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 502: 236-245.
DOI URL |
[10] | 包亦姝, 王斌, 邓也, 等, 2020. 成都市典型有机溶剂使用行业VOCs组成成分谱及臭氧生成潜势研究[J]. 环境科学学报, 40(1): 76-82. |
BAO Y S, WANG B, DENG Y, et al., 2020. Source profiles and ozone formation potential of VOCs emitted from typical industries using organic solvents in Chengdu[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 40(1): 76-82. | |
[11] | 方莉, 刘文文, 陈丹妮, 等, 2019. 北京市典型溶剂使用行业VOCs成分谱[J]. 环境科学, 40(10):95-103. |
FANG L, LIU W W, CHEN D N, et al., 2020. Source profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from typical solventbased industries in Beijing[J]. Environmental Science, 40(10): 4395-4403. | |
[12] | 高素莲, 闫学军, 刘光辉, 等, 2020. 济南市夏季臭氧重污染时段VOCs污染特征及来源解析[J]. 生态环境学报, 29(9): 1839-1846. |
GAO S L, YAN X J, LIU G H, et al., 2020. Characteristics and source apportionment of ambient VOCs in serious ozone pollution period of summer in Ji’nan[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 29(9): 1839-1846. | |
[13] | 洪莹莹, 陈辰, 保鸿燕, 等, 2021. 珠三角西南部春季臭氧来源与敏感性分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 30(5): 984-994. |
HONG Y Y, CHEN C, BAO H Y, et al., 2021. Sources and sensitivity analysis of ozone in spring over the southwestern part of Pearl River Delta region[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 30(5): 984-994. | |
[14] | 贾龙, 葛茂发, 徐永福, 等, 2006. 大气臭氧化学研究进展[J]. 化学进展, 18(11): 1565-1574. |
JIA L, GE M F, XU Y F, et al., 2006. Advances in atmospheric ozone chemistry[J]. Progress in Chemistry, 18(11): 1565-1574. | |
[15] | 刘峰, 朱永官, 王效科, 2018. 我国地面臭氧污染及其生态环境效应[J]. 生态环境学报, 14(4): 1674-1679. |
LIU F, ZHU Y G, WANG X K, 2018. Surface ozone pollution and its eco-environmental impacts in China[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 17(4): 1674-1679. | |
[16] | 马怡然, 高松, 王巧敏, 等, 2020. 合成树脂行业挥发性有机物排放成分谱及影响[J]. 中国环境科学, 40(8): 3268-3274. |
MA Y R, GAO S, WANG Q M, et al., 2020. Source profiles and impact of volatile organic compounds in the synthetic resin industry[J]. China Environmental Science, 40(8): 3268-3274. | |
[17] | 毛兵, 赵天宏, 田荣荣, 等, 2016. 地表臭氧浓度升高对森林及农田地下生态过程的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 25(9): 1584-1590. |
MAO B, ZHAO T H, TIAN R R, et al., 2016. Effects of elevated ozone on belowground ecological processes in forest and cropland[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 25(9): 1584-1590. | |
[18] | 莫梓伟, 陆思华, 李悦, 等, 2015. 北京市典型溶剂使用企业VOCs排放成分特征[J]. 中国环境科学, 35(2): 374-380. |
MO Z W, LU S H, LI Y, et al., 2015. Emission characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from typical solvent use factories in Beijing[J]. China Environmental Science, 35(2): 374-380. | |
[19] | 沈劲, 陈多宏, 汪宇, 等, 2018. 基于情景分析的珠三角臭氧与前体物排放关系研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 27(10): 1925-1932. |
SHEN J, CHEN D H, WANG Y, et al., 2018. Study on the relationship between ozone and precursors emission in the Pearl River Delta based on scenario analysis[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 27(10): 1925-1932. | |
[20] | 颜敏, 黄晓波, 陈丹, 等, 2021. 深圳市臭氧污染特征及其与前体物关系分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 30(4): 763-770. |
YAN M, HUANG X B, CHEN D, et al., 2021. Characteristics of ozone pollution and relationship between ozone and precursors in Shenzhen[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 30(4): 763-770. | |
[21] | 王伯光, 冯志诚, 周炎, 等, 2009. 聚氨酯合成革厂空气中挥发性有机物的成分谱[J]. 中国环境科学, 29(9): 914-918. |
WANG B G, FENG Z C, ZHOU Y, et al., 2009. VOC components in the air caused by the local polyurethane synthetic leather industries in the Pearl River Delta region[J]. China Environmental Science, 29(9): 914-918. | |
[22] | 王继钦, 熊超, 陈军辉, 等, 2019. 典型人造板制造企业VOCs排放特征及成分谱研究[J]. 四川环境, 38(4): 1-8. |
WANG J Q, XIONG C, CHEN J H, et al., 2019. Study on emission characteristics and source composition spectrum of VOCs in typical wood-based panel manufacturing enterprises[J]. Sichuan Environment, 38(4): 1-8. |
[1] | 许肖云, 饶芝菡, 蒋红斌, 张巍, 陈超, 杨永安, 胡艳丽, 魏海川. 遂宁工业园区夏季VOCs污染特征及其对O3、SOA生成潜势研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2023, 32(5): 956-968. |
[2] | 王默雷, 李智慧, 陈来国, 郭送军, 刘明, 王硕, 陆海涛. 城市垃圾焚烧厂烟气及周边土壤中多溴联苯醚的污染特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1582-1589. |
[3] | 樊珂宇, 高原, 赖子尼, 曾艳艺, 刘乾甫, 李海燕, 麦永湛, 杨婉玲, 魏敬欣, 孙金辉, 王超. 珠三角河网鱼类微塑料污染特征研究[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(8): 1590-1598. |
[4] | 朱丽, 闫怀忠, 孙友敏, 范晶, 刘光辉, 张桂芹. 山东典型重工业区降尘污染特征及成因分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(7): 1393-1399. |
[5] | 刘娣, 苏超, 张红, 秦冠宇. 典型煤炭产业聚集区土壤重金属污染特征与风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(2): 391-399. |
[6] | 李圣增, 郝赛梅, 谭路遥, 张怀成, 徐标, 谷树茂, 潘光, 王淑妍, 闫怀忠, 张桂芹. 济南市PM2.5中二次组分的时空变化特征及其影响因素[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(1): 100-109. |
[7] | 王飞, 赵颖. 太原市污灌区农田土壤中多环芳烃污染特征及生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(1): 160-169. |
[8] | 强承魁, 曹丹, 赵虎, 张明, 丁永辉, 关滢, 张光琴, 沈文妍, 秦越华. 土壤-油用牡丹系统重金属含量及生态健康风险分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(6): 1286-1292. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||