武夷山市臭氧分布特征及其与气象要素关系分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.012

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1428-1435.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.012

武夷山市臭氧分布特征及其与气象要素关系分析

邓慧颖¹^,²^,³(), 陈立新²^,⁴, 余永江¹^,⁵, 王宏¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

1.福建省灾害天气重点实验室,福建福州 350001
2.武夷山国家气候观象台,福建武夷山 354300
3.南平市延平区气象局,福建南平 353000
4.武夷山市气象局,福建武夷山 354300
5.福建省气象科学研究所,福建福州 350001

收稿日期:2021-03-12 出版日期:2021-07-18 发布日期:2021-10-09
通讯作者: *王宏（1976年生）,女,研究员,从事大气环境研究工作。E-mail: wh1575@163.com
作者简介:邓慧颖（1993年生）,女,助理工程师,硕士,从事大气环境研究与天气预报工作。E-mail: 407343543@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(U1405235);华东区域气象科技协同创新基金项目(QYHZ201813);福建省气象局开放式研究基金项目(2019KX04);福建省生态环境厅环保科技计划项目(2021R002)

Characteristics of Ozone Pollution Distribution and Its Correlation Analysis with Meteorological Factors in Wuyishan

DENG Huiying¹^,²^,³(), CHEN Lixin²^,⁴, YU Yongjiang¹^,⁵, WANG Hong¹^,²^,⁵^,^*()

1. Fujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou 350001, China
2. Wuyishan national Climatological Observation, Wuyishan 354300, China
3. Yanping Meteorological Office, Yanping 353000, China
4. Wuyishan Meteorological Office, Wuyishan 354300, China
5. Fujian Institute of Meteorological Science, Fuzhou 350001, China

Received:2021-03-12 Online:2021-07-18 Published:2021-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

武夷山是著名的旅游胜地,同时地理环境复杂,气候资源丰富,也是东亚季风影响敏感区。为科学认识清洁区域的臭氧分布特征及污染的天气学成因,也为进一步开展臭氧污染预警预报和科学治理提供技术支撑,利用2015—2019年武夷山市逐小时污染物浓度监测数据和地面常规气象观测资料,采用统计分析和SPSS相关性分析等方法,对近年来武夷山市臭氧分布特征及其与气象要素的关系进行研究。结果表明,2015—2019年武夷山市臭氧的年评价值（MDA8-90）由110 μg∙m^-3增长至133 μg∙m^-3,ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超过《环境空气质量标准》（GB 3095—2012）二级标准限值的天数从0 d上升到9 d,O₃作为首要污染物占比从48.5%上升为85.1%;同时,首要污染物为PM_2.5的天数呈逐年递减趋势,PM_2.5的首要污染物天数从2015年的36 d下降到2019年的8 d。春末（4—5月）和初秋（9—10月）是臭氧污染最为严重的季节,80.0%的臭氧超标日集中在这4个月。武夷山市ρ_(O3)小时均值分布均呈现单峰型分布,最高值出现在14:00,而后开始下降,最低值出现在07:00。ρ_{(O3-8 h)}与日最高气温、平均风速、太阳日总辐射和日照时数呈显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.370^**,0.402^**,0.564^**,0.565^**;与相对湿度呈显著负相关（相关系数为-0.646^**）,并呈现先升后降的趋势。一些气象要素如高温度和低相对湿度等有助于该区域臭氧浓度的升高,当环境温度>25 ℃、相对湿度<70%时,都有利于对流层空气中臭氧的生成,更容易造成O₃浓度超标。此外当风速≤2.0 m∙s^-1时,随着风速的增加,ρ_{(O3-8 h)}增大,而当风速>2.0 m∙s^-1时,ρ_{(O3-8 h)}随风速的增加呈显著下降趋势。

关键词: 臭氧（O₃）, 分布特征, 气象要素, 相关性分析, 武夷山市

Abstract:

Wuyi Mountain is a well-known attraction, and at the same time it has a complex geographical environment and rich climate resources. Wuyi Mountain is also a sensitive area affected by the East Asian monsoon. To have a scientific understanding of the characteristics of ozone distribution and its synoptic causes of pollution in clean region, and technological support for carrying out warning, forecast and management of ozone pollution, based on the data of hourly pollutant concentration in two environmental monitoring stations and meteorological factors data from national meteorological stations of Wuyishan City from 2015 to 2019, we used statistical analysis and correlation analysis in SPSS to analyze the characteristics of ozone pollution distribution and its correlation with meteorological factors. The results showed that the annual evaluation of O₃ (MDA8-90) was increased from 110 μg∙m^-3 to 133 μg∙m^-3 in 2015?2019 in Wuyishan City. According to the standard limits of level 2 of Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB 3095—2012), the number of days that daily maximum 8-h average O₃ concentration (ρ_{(O3-8 h)}) exceeding the upper limit increased from 0 day to 9 days. The proportion of days that O₃ was primary pollutant increased from 48.5% to 85.1%, meanwhile the proportion of days that PM_2.5 was primary pollutant was decreasing year by year, the days of primary pollutant of PM_2.5 was decreased from 36 days to 8 days. The O₃ pollution of Wuyishan City was the most severe in the late spring (April and May) and early autumn (September and October), 80.0% of days exceeding the standard of O₃was on these 4 mouths. Diurnal variation of ρ_(O3)showed a single peaked distribution, with the maximum value appearing at 14:00 and the minimum value at 07:00. Daily maximum temperature, wind speed, daily solar radiation and sunshine duration were significantly correlated with ρ_{(O3-8 h)}, and correlation coefficient were 0.370^**, 0.402^**, 0.564^**, 0.565^** respectively. The relative humidity was negatively correlated with ρ_{(O3-8 h)}, and correlation coefficient was -0.646^**, and showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing. The studies also present that some states of meteorological factors had a significant effect on the increase of ozone concentration, such as high temperature and low relative humidity. When the environmental temperature>25 ℃ and relative humidity<70%, it was conducive to the generation of ozone in the troposphere, and ρ_(O3)would exceed the standard. Furthermore, when the average wind speed was less than 2.0 m∙s^-1, ρ_{(O3-8 h)}increased with the increase of average wind speed. When the average wind speed was more than 2.0 m∙s^-1, ρ_{(O3-8 h)}decreased with the increase of the average wind speed.

Key words: ozone (O₃), characteristics of distribution, meteorological factors, correlation analysis, Wuyishan City

中图分类号:

邓慧颖, 陈立新, 余永江, 王宏. 武夷山市臭氧分布特征及其与气象要素关系分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(7): 1428-1435.

DENG Huiying, CHEN Lixin, YU Yongjiang, WANG Hong. Characteristics of Ozone Pollution Distribution and Its Correlation Analysis with Meteorological Factors in Wuyishan[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(7): 1428-1435.

图/表 11

参考文献 31

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年份 Year	气溫 Temperature/ ℃	距平 Anomaly/ ℃	评价 Valuation	降水 Precipitation/ mm	距平百分率 Anomalous percentage/%	评价 Valuation	日照 Sunshine duration/ h	距平 Anomaly/ h	评价 Valuation
2015	18.9	0.7	偏高 High	2501.2	29.0	显著偏多 Significantly more	1187.8	-441.7	异常偏少 Abnormally less
2016	19.2	0.9	显著偏高 Significantly high	2430.9	26.0	显著偏多 Significantly more	1518.9	-110.6	正常 Normal
2017	19.3	1.0	显著偏高 Significantly high	1853.9	-4.0	正常 Normal	1758.0	128.5	正常 Normal
2018	19.3	1.0	显著偏高 Significantly high	1601.5	-17.0	偏少 Less	1745.0	115.5	正常 Normal
2019	19.4	1.1	异常偏高 Abnormally high	2281.1	18.0	偏多 More	1578.7	-50.8	正常 Normal

年份 Year	气溫 Temperature/ ℃	距平 Anomaly/ ℃	评价 Valuation	降水 Precipitation/ mm	距平百分率 Anomalous percentage/%	评价 Valuation	日照 Sunshine duration/ h	距平 Anomaly/ h	评价 Valuation
2015	18.9	0.7	偏高 High	2501.2	29.0	显著偏多 Significantly more	1187.8	-441.7	异常偏少 Abnormally less
2016	19.2	0.9	显著偏高 Significantly high	2430.9	26.0	显著偏多 Significantly more	1518.9	-110.6	正常 Normal
2017	19.3	1.0	显著偏高 Significantly high	1853.9	-4.0	正常 Normal	1758.0	128.5	正常 Normal
2018	19.3	1.0	显著偏高 Significantly high	1601.5	-17.0	偏少 Less	1745.0	115.5	正常 Normal
2019	19.4	1.1	异常偏高 Abnormally high	2281.1	18.0	偏多 More	1578.7	-50.8	正常 Normal

日最高气温 Daily maximum temperature/℃	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg∙m^-3)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超标率 Over limit rate of ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/%	日平均相对湿度 Daily mean relative humidity/%	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg∙m^-3)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超标率 Over limit rate of ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/%	日平均风速 Daily mean wind speed/(m∙s^-1)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg∙m^-3)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超标率 Over limit rate of ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/%
<10	47.8	0.0	<45	116.8	0.0	<0.5	0.0	0.0
10‒15	56.0	0.0	45‒50	119.3	14.4	0.5‒1.0	48.1	0.0
15‒20	69.3	0.0	50‒55	118.1	33.3	1.0‒1.5	81.0	33.0
20‒25	79.0	0.0	55‒60	121.4	33.3	1.5‒2.0	90.5	62.0
25‒30	87.9	38.1	60‒65	108.3	9.5	2.0‒2.5	88.9	5.0
30‒35	88.2	61.9	65‒70	97.7	9.5	2.5‒3.0	88.8	0.0
>35	87.3	0.0	>70	55.8	0.0	>3.0	95.3	0.0

日最高气温 Daily maximum temperature/℃	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg∙m^-3)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超标率 Over limit rate of ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/%	日平均相对湿度 Daily mean relative humidity/%	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg∙m^-3)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超标率 Over limit rate of ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/%	日平均风速 Daily mean wind speed/(m∙s^-1)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg∙m^-3)	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}超标率 Over limit rate of ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/%
<10	47.8	0.0	<45	116.8	0.0	<0.5	0.0	0.0
10‒15	56.0	0.0	45‒50	119.3	14.4	0.5‒1.0	48.1	0.0
15‒20	69.3	0.0	50‒55	118.1	33.3	1.0‒1.5	81.0	33.0
20‒25	79.0	0.0	55‒60	121.4	33.3	1.5‒2.0	90.5	62.0
25‒30	87.9	38.1	60‒65	108.3	9.5	2.0‒2.5	88.9	5.0
30‒35	88.2	61.9	65‒70	97.7	9.5	2.5‒3.0	88.8	0.0
>35	87.3	0.0	>70	55.8	0.0	>3.0	95.3	0.0

武夷山市臭氧分布特征及其与气象要素关系分析

Characteristics of Ozone Pollution Distribution and Its Correlation Analysis with Meteorological Factors in Wuyishan

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