2021年广州市臭氧污染特征及气象因子影响分析

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.011

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (10): 2028-2038.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.10.011

2021年广州市臭氧污染特征及气象因子影响分析

陈漾¹(), 张金谱¹, 邱晓暖¹, 琚鸿¹, 黄俊²

1.广东省广州生态环境监测中心站，广东广州 510006
2.广州市气候与农业气象中心，广东广州 511430

收稿日期:2022-06-08 出版日期:2022-10-18 发布日期:2022-12-09
作者简介:陈漾（1990年生），女，工程师，硕士，主要环境空气质量综合分析。E-mail: belindaychen@163.com
基金资助:
广州市科技计划项目(202102080679)

Characteristic of Ozone Pollution and Meteorological Factors Analysis in Guangzhou in 2021

CHEN Yang¹(), ZHANG Jinpu¹, QIU Xiaonuan¹, JU Hong¹, HUANG Jun²

1. Guangzhou Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
2. Guangzhou Climate and Agrometeorology Center, Guangzhou 511430, P. R. China

Received:2022-06-08 Online:2022-10-18 Published:2022-12-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为深入认识臭氧（O₃）污染特征及气象学成因，也为O₃污染预警预报和防控治理提供技术支撑，利用2021年广州市环境空气质量自动监测数据和气象观测资料，综合探讨了广州市O₃污染特征及气象因子和地面天气形势的影响，并对1次O₃持续中度污染过程进行分析。结果表明，O₃为2021年广州市最主要的大气污染物，O₃污染时间提前。O₃日最大8 h滑动平均值（O₃-8 h）与日照时数和气温均呈显著正相关，相关系数分别为0.643^**和0.332^**，与风速、降水量、气压和相对湿度均表现为显著负相关，相关系数分别为-0.355^**、-0.239^**、-0.208^**和-0.139^**。O₃-8 h与日照时数/风速比值的相关系数为0.745^**，高于O₃-8 h与任一单项气象因子的相关系数，其线性拟合方程（O₃-8 h为因变量，日照时数/风速比值为自变量）的斜率随着上午07:00 NO₂浓度区间的升高呈现先增后减的变化。O₃-8 h与风速在干、湿季的相关系数分别为-0.514^**和-0.172^*，与相对湿度在干、湿季的相关系数分别为0.041和-0.469^**，季节差异较大。O₃-8 h随相对湿度的增大呈先升后降的变化，当相对湿度大于80%，O₃-8 h明显下降。造成2021年O₃污染主要有均压场、弱低压槽和弱高压脊这3种地面天气形势，其中受均压场控制时O₃超标天数最多且O₃-8 h最高。广州市O₃污染具有持续性和区域性特征。4月30日—5月1日广州市出现的连续两天O₃中度污染为地面低风速、日照时间长、风场持续转变等因素造成O₃聚集，再加上夜间逆温造成前体物累积与白天辐射增强加速O₃生成综合作用的结果。

关键词: 臭氧（O₃）, 污染, 气象因子, 地面天气形势, 相关性, 广州

Abstract:

In order to have a further understanding of the characteristics of ozone (O₃) pollution and its meteorological causes, and to provide technological support for warning, forecast and management for O₃ pollution, based on the air automatic monitoring data and meteorological observation data of Guangzhou in 2021, the O₃ pollution characteristics and the influence of meteorological factors and surface weather situation were discussed comprehensively, and a persistent moderate pollution episode of O₃ was analyzed. The results showed that O₃ was the most important air pollutant in Guangzhou in 2021, and the time of O₃ pollution was advanced. Daily maximum 8-hour average O₃ (O₃-8 h) concentration was significantly positively correlated with sunshine duration and air temperature, with correlation coefficients of 0.643^** and 0.332^**, respectively, and negatively correlated with wind speed, precipitation, air pressure and relative humidity, with the correlation coefficients of -0.355^**, -0.239^**, -0.208^** and -0.139^**, respectively. The correlation coefficient between O₃-8 h concentration and the ratio of sunshine duration and wind speed was 0.745^**, which was higher than that between O₃-8 h concentration and any single meteorological factor. The slope of the linear fitting equation for O₃-8 h concentration (dependent variable) and the ratio of sunshine duration and wind speed (independent variable) increased first and then decreased with the increase of the range of nitrogen dioxide concentration at 7:00 a.m.. The correlation coefficients between O₃-8 h concentration and wind speed in dry and wet seasons were -0.514** and -0.172^*, respectively, and the correlation coefficients between O₃-8 h concentration and relative humidity in dry and wet seasons were 0.041 and -0.469^**, respectively, showing great seasonal differences. O₃-8 h concentration initially increased first and then decreased with the increase of relative humidity. When the relative humidity was more than 80%, the O₃-8 h concentration decreased obviously. The ground weather situation affecting O₃ pollution in 2021 was classified into three patterns, including equalizing field, weak low pressure trough and weak high pressure ridge. When controlled by equalizing field, the number of days of O₃ exceeded the standard and the O₃-8 h concentration was the highest. The characteristics of O₃ pollution in Guangzhou were sustainable and regional. The moderate O₃ pollution in Guangzhou for two consecutive days from April 30 to May 1 was the result of the comprehensive effect of low surface wind speed, long sunshine duration, continuous wind field transformation and other factors, as well as the accumulation of precursor caused by temperature inversion at night and the enhancement of daytime radiation to accelerate O₃ generation.

Key words: Ozone(O₃), pollution, meteorological factors, ground weather situation, correlation, Guangzhou

中图分类号:

陈漾, 张金谱, 邱晓暖, 琚鸿, 黄俊. 2021年广州市臭氧污染特征及气象因子影响分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(10): 2028-2038.

CHEN Yang, ZHANG Jinpu, QIU Xiaonuan, JU Hong, HUANG Jun. Characteristic of Ozone Pollution and Meteorological Factors Analysis in Guangzhou in 2021[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(10): 2028-2038.

图/表 13

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气象因子 Meteorological factors		全年 The whole year						湿季 Wet season						干季 Dry season
气象因子 Meteorological factors		相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)		显著性水平 Significance level (P)		样本量 Sample volume (n)		相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)		显著性水平 Significance level (P)		样本量 Sample volume (n)		相关系数Correlation coefficient (r)		显著性水平 Significance level (P)		样本量 Sample volume (n)
日照时数 Sunshine duration	0.643^**		0.000		362		0.682^**		0.000		183		0.640^**		0.000		179
风速 Wind speed	-0.355^**		0.000		365		-0.172^*		0.019		184		-0.514^**		0.000		181
气温 Temperature	0.332^**		0.000		365		0.310^**		0.000		184		0.458^**		0.000		181
降水量 Precipitation	-0.239^**		0.000		365		-0.265^**		0.000		184		-0.253^**		0.001		181
气压 Air pressure	-0.208^**		0.000		365		-0.192^**		0.009		184		-0.287^**		0.000		181
相对湿度Relative humidity	-0.139^**		0.008		365		-0.469^**		0.000		184		0.041		0.584		181
日照时数/风速 Sunshine duration/ Wind speed	0.745^**		0.000		362		0.752^**		0.000		183		0.782^**		0.000		179

气象因子 Meteorological factors		全年 The whole year						湿季 Wet season						干季 Dry season
气象因子 Meteorological factors		相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)		显著性水平 Significance level (P)		样本量 Sample volume (n)		相关系数 Correlation coefficient (r)		显著性水平 Significance level (P)		样本量 Sample volume (n)		相关系数Correlation coefficient (r)		显著性水平 Significance level (P)		样本量 Sample volume (n)
日照时数 Sunshine duration	0.643^**		0.000		362		0.682^**		0.000		183		0.640^**		0.000		179
风速 Wind speed	-0.355^**		0.000		365		-0.172^*		0.019		184		-0.514^**		0.000		181
气温 Temperature	0.332^**		0.000		365		0.310^**		0.000		184		0.458^**		0.000		181
降水量 Precipitation	-0.239^**		0.000		365		-0.265^**		0.000		184		-0.253^**		0.001		181
气压 Air pressure	-0.208^**		0.000		365		-0.192^**		0.009		184		-0.287^**		0.000		181
相对湿度Relative humidity	-0.139^**		0.008		365		-0.469^**		0.000		184		0.041		0.584		181
日照时数/风速 Sunshine duration/ Wind speed	0.745^**		0.000		362		0.752^**		0.000		183		0.782^**		0.000		179

气象因子 Meteorological factors	范围 Range	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg·m^-3)	O₃-8 h超标率 Over-limit ratio of O₃-8 h/%	气象因子 Meteorological factors	范围 Range	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg·m^-3)	O₃-8 h超标率 Over-limit ratio of O₃-8 h/%
日照时数 Sunshine duration/(h·d^-1)	0-2.9	65	0.0	相对湿度 Relative humidity/%	≤60	86	0.0
	3.0-5.9	102	2.4		61-70	114	9.8
	6.0-8.9	127	22.4		71-80	115	15.6
	9.0-11.9	127	16.9		≥81	83	4.5
气温 Temperature/℃	≤10.0	60	0.0	降水量Precipitation/mm	0.0	114	13.2
	10.1-15.0	84	0.0		0.1-9.9	88	6.2
	15.1-20.0	94	4.7		10.0-24.9	71	0.0
	20.1-25.0	101	10.4		25.0-49.9	84	0.0
	≥25.1	113	32.9		50.0-99.9	70	0.0
气压 Air pressure/hPa	≤990.0	120	28.6	风速 Wind speed/(m·s^-1)	≤2.0	116	17.2
	990.1-1000.0	106	14.0		2.1-4.0	89	1.4
	1000.1-1010.0	106	10.8		≥4.1	74	0.0
	≥1010.1	91	3.1

气象因子 Meteorological factors	范围 Range	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg·m^-3)	O₃-8 h超标率 Over-limit ratio of O₃-8 h/%	气象因子 Meteorological factors	范围 Range	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg·m^-3)	O₃-8 h超标率 Over-limit ratio of O₃-8 h/%
日照时数 Sunshine duration/(h·d^-1)	0-2.9	65	0.0	相对湿度 Relative humidity/%	≤60	86	0.0
	3.0-5.9	102	2.4		61-70	114	9.8
	6.0-8.9	127	22.4		71-80	115	15.6
	9.0-11.9	127	16.9		≥81	83	4.5
气温 Temperature/℃	≤10.0	60	0.0	降水量Precipitation/mm	0.0	114	13.2
	10.1-15.0	84	0.0		0.1-9.9	88	6.2
	15.1-20.0	94	4.7		10.0-24.9	71	0.0
	20.1-25.0	101	10.4		25.0-49.9	84	0.0
	≥25.1	113	32.9		50.0-99.9	70	0.0
气压 Air pressure/hPa	≤990.0	120	28.6	风速 Wind speed/(m·s^-1)	≤2.0	116	17.2
	990.1-1000.0	106	14.0		2.1-4.0	89	1.4
	1000.1-1010.0	106	10.8		≥4.1	74	0.0
	≥1010.1	91	3.1

超标日 Exceeded date	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg·m^-3)	地面天气形势 Ground weather situation	500 hPa天气形势 500 hPa weather situation	超标日 Exceeded day	ρ_{(O3-8 h)}/ (μg·m^-3)	地面天气形势 Ground weather situation	500 hPa天气形势 500 hPa weather situation
Feb.4	113	弱高压脊	西风气流	7.9	105	弱高压脊	副高
Feb.6	106	均压场	西风气流	7.17	101	弱低压槽	副高
Feb.7	109	均压场	弱脊	7.23	108	弱低压槽	台风外围
Feb.22	109	均压场	西风槽	7.26	119	弱低压槽	台风外围
Feb.23	127	均压场	西风槽	7.27	107	弱低压槽	西北气流
Mar.25	120	弱高压脊	西风槽	7.28	126	弱低压槽	西北气流
Apr.6	122	弱高压脊	副高	7.29	107	弱低压槽	西风槽
Apr.11	109	弱高压脊	偏西气流	8.2	139	弱低压槽	辐合带环流
Apr.13	102	均压场	偏西气流	9.6	105	弱低压槽	副高
Apr.21	132	均压场	弱脊	9.12	101	弱低压槽	副高+台风外围
Apr.22	115	均压场	西北气流	9.13	102	弱低压槽	副高
Apr.23	145	均压场	西北气流	9.18	115	弱高压脊	副高
Apr.30	200	均压场	偏西气流	9.26	116	均压场	副高
May.1	153	均压场	偏西气流	9.27	163	均压场	副高
May.7	108	均压场	西南气流	9.28	148	均压场	反气旋环流
Jun.6	106	弱低压槽	西北气流	9.29	130	均压场	西风槽
Jun.7	122	弱低压槽	弱脊	9.30	107	均压场	偏西气流
Jun.8	117	弱低压槽	副高	10.19	103	弱高压脊	偏西气流

2021年广州市臭氧污染特征及气象因子影响分析

Characteristic of Ozone Pollution and Meteorological Factors Analysis in Guangzhou in 2021

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气象因子及O₃质量浓度 Meteorological factors and concentrations of O₃	均压场 Equalizing field	弱高压脊 Weak high pressure ridge	弱低压槽 Weak low pressure trough	超标日 Exceeded days	全年 The whole year
平均气温 Mean temperature/℃	25.2	23.9	29.5	26.5	23.1
平均日照时数 Mean sunshine duration/(h·d^-1)	8.6	8.1	8.6	8.5	5.2
平均气压 Mean air pressure/hPa	1004.0	1007.9	994.4	1001.3	1004.8
平均日降水量 Mean precipitation/mm	0	0	0.8	0.3	4.2
平均相对湿度 Mean relative humidity/%	74.2	72.3	76.3	74.6	75
平均风速 Mean wind speed/(m·s^-1)	1.6	1.7	1.7	1.7	2.2
O₃-8 h均值 Mean concentration of O₃-8 h/(μg·m^-3)	191	173	173	181	103
O₃-8 h-90%质量浓度 Mass concentration of O₃-8 h-90%/(μg·m^-3)	223	182	187	210	160

时间 Time	持续天数Duration days/d	广东省O₃超标城市占比(含广州) Proportion of cities with the over-standard of O₃ in Guangdong Province (including Guangzhou)/%	O₃污染级别 Pollution level of O₃
Feb.6-Feb.7	2	23.8	轻度污染
Feb.22- Feb.23	2	38.1	轻度污染
Apr.21- Apr.23	3	38.1	轻度污染
Apr.30-May.1	2	81.0	中度污染
Jun.6-Jun.8	3	52.4	轻度污染
Jul.26-Jul.29	4	42.9	轻度污染
Sep.12-Sep.13	2	33.3	轻度污染
Sep.26-Sep.30	5	76.2	轻-中度污染

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