基于矩阵分析法的鸟类与哺乳动物物种丰富度空间差异研究——以新疆为例

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.001

生态环境学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (7): 1333-1341.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2021.07.001

所属专题：生物多样性专题汇编

• 研究论文 • 下一篇

基于矩阵分析法的鸟类与哺乳动物物种丰富度空间差异研究——以新疆为例

李海萍¹(), 李光一²^,^*(), 万华伟³, 李利平⁴

1.中国人民大学环境学院,北京 100872
2.贵州省生态气象和卫星遥感中心,贵州贵阳550002
3.生态环境部卫星环境应用中心,北京 100093
4.中国科学院空天信息创新研究院,北京 100094

收稿日期:2021-02-07 出版日期:2021-07-18 发布日期:2021-10-09
通讯作者: *李光一,女,助理工程师,硕士。E-mail: lgy_guangyi@163.com
作者简介:李海萍（1965年生）,女,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为环境地学、地理信息系统应用等。E-mail: lhping@ruc.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41801366);国家重点研发专项(2018YFC0507201)

Spatial Difference of Birds and Mammals Species Richness Based on Matrix Analysis: Taking Xinjiang as An Example

LI Haiping¹(), LI Guangyi²^,^*(), WAN Huawei³, LI Liping⁴

1. School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China
2. Guizhou Ecological Meteorology & Satellite Remote Sensing Center, Guiyang 550002, China
3. Center for Satellite Applicationon Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Beijing 100093, China
4. Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China

Received:2021-02-07 Online:2021-07-18 Published:2021-10-09

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆独特的地理环境和气候特征使之成为了野生动植物的基因宝库,复杂的生境孕育了众多特有的动物种群,探索其内部的物种丰富度空间差异,不仅充实了生物多样性的方法研究,同时也对维持该地区的生态稳定及生态环境可持续发展具有实际意义。该研究以新疆地区鸟类和哺乳动物10 km×10 km尺度的物种分布矢量数据为基础,结合其他多源空间数据,绘制出新疆鸟类与哺乳动物空间分布专题图,经矢量-栅格转换后进行重分类和空间统计,并据此分析鸟类与哺乳动物的物种丰富度空间分布模式及其核心聚集区,再通过矩阵分析等空间分析技术,深入探究了鸟类和哺乳动物丰富度的空间分布差异。结果显示,（1）北疆物种丰富度高于南疆,鸟类丰富度高于哺乳动物;二者高丰富度（H-H）区域主要集中在阿尔泰山、天山南北侧,占新疆全域5.46%;低丰富度（L-L）区域主要在西南部帕米尔高原一带,占全域面积2.85%。同一范围内二者物种丰富度存在两极化差异,即丰富度等级一高一低的地区（L-H和H-L）占2.99%,且主要位于中部地区,其余组合模式的区域分布比较分散。（2）不同的海拔高度内,物种丰富度差异显著,海拔高度低于0 m与高于4000 m的地区因生态系统单一,物种丰富度整体偏低,1000—2500 m高程内的生态系统最丰富,是鸟类与哺乳动物生长的适宜高度,物种不仅丰富多样,且丰富度也最复杂。

关键词: 物种丰富度, 矩阵分析, 叠加分析, 空间分布特征, 空间差异, 新疆

Abstract:

With its unique geographical environment and climatic characteristics, Xinjiang has become a genetic treasure house of wild animals and plants. The complex habitat has bred many unique animal populations. So exploring the spatial differences in species richness not only enriches the methodological research of biodiversity, but also it is of practical significance to maintain the ecological stability of the region and the sustainable development of the ecological environment. Therefore, based on the 10 km×10 km species vector data of birds and mammals in Xinjiang, combined with other multi-source data, the spatial distribution of species in Xinjiang was mapped and analyzed. And the data after vector to grid were used for reclassification and spatial statistics. The spatial patterns of richness and their core areas were analyzed. Then, through spatial analysis techniques such as matrix analysis, we have deeply explored the differences in the spatial distribution between birds and mammals. The results show that, (1) The richness in northern Xinjiang is higher than that in southern Xinjiang, and the abundance of birds is higher than that of mammals. The H-H areas are mainly in the Altai Mountains and the north and south of the Tianshan, accounting for 5.46% of the entire Xinjiang region, while the L-L areas are mainly in the southwestern Pamirs, accounting for 2.85%. There is a polarization difference between the two species in the same range. The H-L and L-H areas only account for 2.99%, and they are mainly located in the central region, and the regional distribution of the remaining combination modes is relatively scattered. (2) At different altitudes, the species richness is significantly different. Due to the single ecosystem where the altitude is lower than 0 m or higher than 4000 m, the species is less. The ecosystems within the height of 1000?2500 m are the most abundant, which is the appropriate altitudes for birds and mammals to grow. At the same time, the species is not only rich and diverse, but the difference in richness between the two is also the most complicated.

Key words: species richness, matrix analysis, overlay analysis, spatial distribution characteristics, spatial difference, Xinjiang

中图分类号:

Q958
X17

李海萍, 李光一, 万华伟, 李利平. 基于矩阵分析法的鸟类与哺乳动物物种丰富度空间差异研究——以新疆为例[J]. 生态环境学报, 2021, 30(7): 1333-1341.

LI Haiping, LI Guangyi, WAN Huawei, LI Liping. Spatial Difference of Birds and Mammals Species Richness Based on Matrix Analysis: Taking Xinjiang as An Example[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2021, 30(7): 1333-1341.

图/表 10

图1 鸟类与哺乳动物物种种数矢量网格图

Fig. 1 Vector data of bird and mammal specie

表1 物种丰富度属性表数据项示例

Table 1 Examples of data in the species richness attribute table

序号 FID	形状 Shape *	网格代码 Grid Code	X坐标 Center X	Y坐标 Center Y	面积 Area	鸟类种数 Bird species	鸟类科数 Bird family	哺乳动物种数 Mammal species	哺乳动物科数 Mammal family
1	多边形 Polygon	2068	87.75	49.15	0.0072	240	42	68	21
2	多边形 Polygon	2299	86.85	49.05	0.0076	261	43	70	21
3	多边形 Polygon	2300	86.95	49.05	0.0100	261	43	70	21
17884	多边形 Polygon	37261	79.05	34.45	0.0094	15	11	35	12

表2 物种丰富度等级的划分

Table 2 Species richness classification

丰富度等级 Richness level	物种种数范围 Species range
低L	n<0.25S
较低ML	0.25S<n<0.5S
较高MH	0.5S<n<0.75S
高H	n>0.75S

表3 物种丰富度矩阵（4×4）

Table 3 Species richness matrix（4×4）

鸟类 Bird	哺乳类 Mammal
鸟类 Bird	低L	较低ML	较高MH	高H
低L	P₁₁	P₁₂	P₁₃	P₁₄
较低ML	P₂₁	P₂₂	P₂₃	P₂₄
较高MH	P₃₁	P₃₂	P₃₃	P₃₄
高H	P₄₁	P₄₂	P₄₃	P₄₄

图2 鸟类核心分布区域

Fig. 2 Bird core distribution area

图3 哺乳动物核心分布区域

Fig. 3 Mammal core distribution area

图4 鸟类与哺乳类的种数差异对比

Fig. 4 The difference between the number of birds and mammals

表4 鸟类与哺乳类物种丰富度组合模式矩阵表

Table 4 Matrix of bird and mammal species richness

鸟类 Bird	哺乳类 Mammal
鸟类 Bird	低L	较低ML	较高MH	高H
低L	2.85%	7.80%	5.35%	0.02%
较低ML	15.16%	18.53%	7.58%	0.36%
较高MH	6.27%	4.48%	4.06%	0.49%
高H	2.97%	6.20%	12.42%	5.46%

图5 鸟类与哺乳类物种种数差值空间分布 “?”前表示鸟类丰富度,后表示哺乳类丰富度,如L-H表示该网格鸟类丰富度低、哺乳类动物丰富度高

Fig. 5 Spatial distribution of difference between bird and mammal species “?” before means abundance of birds, and after means abundance of mammals. For example, L-H means that the abundance of birds in the grid is low and the abundance of mammals is high

图6 不同海拔高度内的物种丰富度差异

Fig. 6 Differences in species richness at different altitudes

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基于矩阵分析法的鸟类与哺乳动物物种丰富度空间差异研究——以新疆为例

Spatial Difference of Birds and Mammals Species Richness Based on Matrix Analysis: Taking Xinjiang as An Example

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