含磷铁矿物与铁还原菌互作对土壤-水稻体系铁和磷迁移与转运的影响机制

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.05.007

生态环境学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (5): 738-747.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2026.05.007

含磷铁矿物与铁还原菌互作对土壤-水稻体系铁和磷迁移与转运的影响机制

秦敬恒¹^,²(), 陈兵³, 雷育锟⁴, 杨阳², 陈国俊², 刘同旭², 胡世文²^,^*(), 王培¹^,^*()

¹ 海南大学热带农林学院，海南海口 570228
² 广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所/华南土壤污染控制与修复国家地方联合工程研究中心/广东省农业环境综合治理重点实验室，广东广州 510650
³ 华南师范大学环境学院，广东广州 510006
⁴ 华南理工大学环境与能源学院，广东广州 510006

收稿日期:2025-09-28 修回日期:2026-01-19 接受日期:2026-01-20 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-05-08
通讯作者: *E-mail: swhu@soil.gd.cn；pwang@hainanu.edu.cn
作者简介:秦敬恒（1995年生），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤铁矿物和有机碳耦合作用。E-mail: a18838981682@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42577042);中国科协青年人才托举工程(2023QNRC001);广东省科学院科技发展项目(2023GDASZH-2023010104-1);广东省科技计划项目(2023B1212060044)

Effects of the Interplay between Phosphorus-bearing Iron Minerals and Iron-Reducing Bacteria on Iron and Phosphorus Migration and Transportation in Soil-rice Systems

QIN Jingheng¹^,²(), CHEN Bing³, LEI Yukun⁴, YANG Yang², CHEN Guojun², LIU Tongxu², HU Shiwen²^,^*(), WANG Pei¹^,^*()

¹ School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, P. R. China
² National-Regional Joint Engineering Research Center for Soil Pollution Control and Remediation in South China/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Integrated Agro-environmental Pollution Control and Management/Institute of Eco-environmental and Soil Sciences, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
³ School of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
⁴ School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China

Received:2025-09-28 Revised:2026-01-19 Accepted:2026-01-20 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-05-08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

含磷铁矿物与铁还原菌之间的相互作用是影响稻田土壤铁和磷迁移性和生物有效性的关键过程，然而，关于含磷铁矿物与铁还原菌互作对稻田土壤中铁和磷的迁移转运机制尚不清楚。选取典型水稻土开展盆栽试验，设置磷酸铁和异化铁还原菌（Shewanella oneidensis MR-1）的添加实验：对照组（CK）、低水平磷酸铁添加（FeP1）、高水平磷酸铁添加（FeP2）、低水平磷酸铁+MR-1添加（FeP1+MR-1）和高水平磷酸铁+MR-1（FeP2+MR-1）添加。在水稻生育期内，测定土壤孔隙水和植株中铁磷质量分数及植株和籽粒单株生物量变化，以此探究添加磷酸铁与异化铁还原菌对土壤-水稻体系中铁和磷迁移与转运的影响。结果表明，在淹水末期，与CK相比，FeP1、FeP1+MR-1和FeP2+MR-1处理的盐酸提取态Fe(II)质量分数分别高25.0 %、45.7 %、23.6 %；在磷酸铁+MR-1添加组中，孔隙水Fe(II)与盐酸提取态Fe(II)质量分数高于CK以及只添加磷酸铁的处理，说明异化铁还原菌促进了磷酸铁的还原和铁的释放。成熟期时，根表铁膜中的Fe质量分数，FeP1、FeP2、FeP1+MR-1、FeP2+MR-1处理组分别比CK（69.3 g·kg⁻¹）高出24.4%、17.8%、20.1%、28.9%；对于根表铁膜中的P质量分数，FeP1、FeP2、FeP1+MR-1、FeP2+MR-1处理分别比CK（3.95 g·kg⁻¹）高出24.5%、31.2%、24.7%、36.4%。在磷酸铁+MR-1添加组中，根际磷的生物有效性和植株磷的积累显著提高，表现为根表铁膜、茎、叶和稻壳的磷质量分数增加。FeP1、FeP2、FeP1+MR-1和FeP2+MR-1 4个处理组的糙米单株生物量分别为20.2、21.1、21.6和22.4 g·plant⁻¹，均显著高于CK（18.6 g·plant⁻¹）。淹水-排水稻田中磷酸铁与铁还原菌在根际环境中的协同作用，可有效促进铁和磷在土壤-孔隙水-植株系统中的迁移和转运。

关键词: 水稻, 磷酸铁, 异化铁还原菌, 根表铁膜, 磷迁移转运

Abstract:

Iron (Fe) and Phosphorus (P) are key nutrient elements in paddy soil that have a profound impact on rice growth. The migration, transformation, and bioavailability of Fe and P in paddy soil ecosystems are governed by a series of complex biogeochemical processes. Rice production contributes approximately one-third of China’s total grain output. Its yield is intrinsically linked to both per-unit-area productivity and soil fertility, and is critically contingent upon the bioavailability of soil P. Consequently, improving P utilization efficiency in paddy soils has emerged as a pressing scientific challenge essential for achieving sustainable agricultural development. The alternating flooding and drainage in paddy fields dynamically regulates the reductive transformation of Fe minerals, which in turn governs the mobilization and re-immobilization of the mineral-bound P. This process critically influences phosphorus bioavailability and, consequently, rice growth and yield. As a common P-containing Fe mineral in the natural environment, the dissolution and transformation processes of ferric phosphate (FePO₄) play an important role in improving P availability in paddy soil. Dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacteria, Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 (S. oneidensis MR-1), are capable of using Fe minerals as terminal electron acceptors for metabolic growth, playing an important role in the biogeochemical cycling of Fe and P. Current research predominantly focuses on the mutual reactions of FePO₄ and MR-1 in microcosm systems, whereas systematic studies on the fate and transport of Fe and P under field-scale paddy soil conditions remain limited. Herein, to investigate the underlying influences of the addition of P-containing Fe minerals and Fe-reducing bacteria on the biological availability of P and Fe in rice paddy soils, a series of pot experiments were conducted using a typical paddy soil from Zhishan Town, Jiangmen City, Guangdong Province as the growth medium, and five treatments were set up, including a control treatment (CK), a low-level FePO₄ treatment, a high-level FePO₄ treatment, a low-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment, and a high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment. At specific times (1, 15, 30, 80, 90, 105, and 122 d), soil and pore water samples were collected to determine pH, Eh, and dissolved Fe(II) content, and rhizosphere soil was collected for HCl-extractable Fe(II) and soil P fractionation determination. At the rice maturity stage, rice roots were sampled to determine Fe and P contents in the Fe plaque, and P content in different organs of rice was determined. Lastly, the aboveground biomass and grain yield of rice were measured to evaluate the effects of different treatments on rice growth and production. During the early flooding stage, the dissolved Fe(II) concentration in soil pore water increased significantly. Relative to CK treatment, the low-level FePO₄, high-level FePO₄, and low-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatments showed increases of 20.88%, 11.70%, and 11.72%, respectively. Moreover, on day 15, the HCl-extractable Fe(II) content in the low-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment was significantly higher than that in other treatments. During the drainage stage, Fe(II) in the porewater was rapidly oxidized and precipitated. In contrast, HCl-extractable Fe(II) exhibited an initial increase followed by a decrease, indicating the reductive dissolution and subsequent precipitation of Fe minerals. The P fractionation revealed that after 15 d of flooding, H₂O-P and NaHCO₃-P contents in the high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment were 93.21% and 10.01%, respectively, which were higher than those in the CK treatment. After entering the drainage stage, different P speciation gradually tended to stabilize. Quantitative analysis of root Fe plaque revealed that compared to CK treatment, Fe and P concentrations in the high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment increased by 28.58% and 36.44%, respectively. At the maturity stage, the rice root was the primary site of P distribution, comprising 36.87%‒47.41% of total rice plant P, with its proportion being significantly higher in all treatments than that in the CK treatment. Compared to CK treatment, high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment increased root P content by 59.00%, with a smaller increase in aboveground P. This may be attributed to the increasing reductive dissolution of P-bearing minerals and FePO₄ mediated by MR-1 during flooding. In the late flooding stage, Fe(II) concentration was lowest in the high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment, while it was highest in the low-level FePO₄ treatment. This may be ascribed to the released P from paddy soil in the high-level FePO₄ treatment, which, in conjunction with MR-1, could occupy the reduction sites on Fe minerals, thereby suppressing more Fe(II) generation. Regarding P speciation, NaHCO₃-P concentration on day 15 was lower in the CK treatment than that in other treatments, with the high-level FePO₄ treatment showing a relatively higher value. This may be because a portion of P released through the reductive dissolution of Fe minerals may be readily re-adsorbed by Fe minerals or precipitated with Ca²⁺, thereby increasing the content of Fe-bound or Ca-bound P. Substantial increases in Fe and P within the root Fe plaque were observed in the high-level FePO₄ and high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatments. These results demonstrated that the addition of elevated FePO₄, particularly when interacting with MR-1, significantly increased Fe and P content in the Fe plaque, which contributed to the P absorption and transport by rice plants. These above changes significantly improved rice growth, P uptake, and yield. Specifically, the rachis biomass increased by 20.74% in the low-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment and 21.90% in the high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment compared to the CK treatment (1.07 g·plant⁻¹). Stem biomass showed a similar trend, reaching 12.28 and 12.32 g·plant⁻¹ in the low-level FePO₄+MR-1 and high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatments versus 10.79 g·plant⁻¹ in the CK treatment, indicating overall enhanced plant growth after amendment with FePO₄ and S. oneidensis MR-1. Ultimately, high-level FePO₄+MR-1 treatment yielded the highest brown rice biomass (22.38 g·plant⁻¹), which was significantly greater than that of CK (18.61 g·plant⁻¹) and other treatments. This study elucidated the interaction between FePO₄ and dissimilatory Fe-reducing bacteria in the pot experiment and microscopic mechanisms of the migration and transformation of Fe and P at the soil-water and the soil-rice plant interfaces, thereby advancing our understanding of the geochemical cycling of Fe and P in paddy fields. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing microbial strategies to enhance soil P availability and reduce fertilizer dependency, which is beneficial for increasing rice yields in the future.

Key words: rice, ferric phosphate, dissimilatory iron-reducing bacteria, root iron plaques, phosphorus migration and transportation

中图分类号:

S154.36
S153

秦敬恒, 陈兵, 雷育锟, 杨阳, 陈国俊, 刘同旭, 胡世文, 王培. 含磷铁矿物与铁还原菌互作对土壤-水稻体系铁和磷迁移与转运的影响机制[J]. 生态环境学报, 2026, 35(5): 738-747.

QIN Jingheng, CHEN Bing, LEI Yukun, YANG Yang, CHEN Guojun, LIU Tongxu, HU Shiwen, WANG Pei. Effects of the Interplay between Phosphorus-bearing Iron Minerals and Iron-Reducing Bacteria on Iron and Phosphorus Migration and Transportation in Soil-rice Systems[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2026, 35(5): 738-747.

图/表 8

表1 供试土壤理化性质

Table 1 Physicochemical properties of the experimental soil

指标	测定值
土壤pH	5.21
比表面积/(m²·g⁻¹)	9.33
阳离子交换量/(cmol·kg⁻¹)	12.5
有机碳质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	38.7
全铁质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	16.9
全锰质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	0.25
全磷质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	0.86
有效磷质量分数/(mg·kg⁻¹)	59.5
全钙质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	1.49
全镁质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	1.64
全氮质量分数/(g·kg⁻¹)	2.17

表2 不同处理组设置

Table 2 Experimental treatments

处理组名称	磷酸铁添加量	S. oneidensis MR-1添加量	重复
CK	0	0	3
FeP1	0.068 g·kg⁻¹	0
FeP2	0.17 g·kg⁻¹	0
FeP1+MR-1	0.068 g·kg⁻¹	1×10⁷ cells·mL⁻¹
FeP2+MR-1	0.17 g·kg⁻¹	1×10⁷ cells·mL⁻¹

图1 水稻孔隙水Fe(II)质量浓度和盐酸提取态Fe(II)质量分数变化样品量n=3；图内曲线上的不同小写字母表示各处理之间的显著差异性（p<0.05）。下同

Figure 1 Changes in concentration of Fe(II) in rice pore water and mass fraction of HCl-extractable Fe(II)

图2 水稻土壤第1、15、80和122天不同处理下P形态分级样品量n=3；不同大写字母表示同一处理不同分级处理（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示相同分级处理不同处理（p<0.05）

Figure 2 Phosphorus fractions in paddy soil under different treatments at 1, 15, 80, and 122 d

图3 水稻根表铁膜中DCB-P和DCB-Fe质量分数

Figure 3 Mass fractions of DCB-extractable phosphorus (DCB-P) and iron (DCB-Fe) in iron plaque on rice root surfaces

图4 水稻成熟期不同处理中各组织器官P分布比例重复样品数n=3，不同大写字母表示同一处理不同组织部位（p<0.05），不同小写字母表示相同组织器官不同处理（p<0.05）

Figure 4 Distribution proportions of phosphorus among different rice organs at maturity under different treatments

图5 水稻成熟期不同处理中根系与地上部的磷质量分数和磷吸收利用

Figure 5 Phosphorus content and uptake efficiency of rice roots and shoots at maturity in the different treatments

图6 水稻成熟期各组织器官单株生物量

Figure 6 Biomass of different rice organs at the maturity stage in the different treatments

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含磷铁矿物与铁还原菌互作对土壤-水稻体系铁和磷迁移与转运的影响机制

Effects of the Interplay between Phosphorus-bearing Iron Minerals and Iron-Reducing Bacteria on Iron and Phosphorus Migration and Transportation in Soil-rice Systems

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