生物炭基土壤改良剂对锑矿区土壤质量及亮叶桦生长的影响

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (12): 1953-1963.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.12.013

• 研究论文【环境科学】 • 上一篇下一篇

生物炭基土壤改良剂对锑矿区土壤质量及亮叶桦生长的影响

李璞君¹^,²(), 唐丽¹, 赵博², 邸东柳², 陈岩², 肖江²^,^*(), 陈光才²

1.中南林业科技大学林学院，湖南长沙 410000
2.中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所，浙江杭州 311400

收稿日期:2024-08-16 出版日期:2024-12-18 发布日期:2024-12-31
通讯作者: *肖江。E-mail: jiangxiao0915@caf.ac.cn
作者简介:李璞君（1998年生），女，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为土壤重金属改良和植被恢复。E-mail: 3478094921@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFC1807704)

The Amelioration of Biochar Soil Amendment on Antimony Mining Soil and Growth of Betula luminifera

LI Pujun¹^,²(), TANG Li¹, ZHAO Bo², DI Dongliu², CHEN Yan², XIAO Jiang²^,^*(), CHEN Guangcai²

1. School of Central South University of Forestry and Technology Changsha 410004, P. R. China
2. Research Institute of Subtropical Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 311400, P. R. China

Received:2024-08-16 Online:2024-12-18 Published:2024-12-31

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土壤基质改良对改善矿区土壤质量、提升植被建成效率具有重要作用。采用贵州晴隆锑矿区污染土壤为供试土壤，并以非矿区土壤为对照，添加生物炭基土壤改良剂（BBOF，施用量0% (T1)、1% (T2)、3% (T3)）研究BBOF对锑矿区污染土壤物理、化学和生物特性的改良及其对亮叶桦（Betula luminifera H. J. P. Winkl.）生长、生理和Sb、As浓度、富集与转运的影响。结果表明：添加BBOF显著改善土壤质量，其中T2处理显著增加了土壤含水率（26.00%）、孔隙度（32.42%）（p<0.05）。T3处理下，土壤pH值、有机碳质量分数分别显著提高了7.74%、31.78%（p<0.05），土壤TN、TP、TK和AN、AK、AP质量分数分别提高了38.15%、74.78%、1.41%和65.02%、336.20%、98.38%，土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性显著增加了92.53%、41.86%和175.33%（p<0.05），亮叶桦株高、基径及地上、地下生物量分别显著增加了26.37%、39.66%、142.00%和118.62%（p<0.05），而亮叶桦根、茎、叶中锑的浓度分别下降了73.00%、25.73%和4.48%。总体而言，BBOF提高了锑矿区土壤有机碳、矿质养分质量分数以及参与碳氮磷循环土壤酶的活性；促进了亮叶桦在锑矿区污染土壤中的生长。施用1%的BBOF能有效恢复锑矿区污染土的土壤功能，促进亮叶桦在锑矿区土壤的生长，为后续锑矿区土壤改良以及植被修复提供实践参考。

关键词: 土壤改良, 植株生长, 生物炭基土壤改良剂, 重金属, 锑矿区, 亮叶桦, 植物修复

Abstract:

Soil amendment plays a pivotal role in improving soil quality and vegetation construction in mining areas. Biochar soil amendment (BBOF) selected as soil amendments was applied at 0% (T1), 1% (T2), and 3% (T3) in soil severely contaminated by antimony (Sb) and arsenic (As), to examine the amelioration of BBOF on degraded soil from Sb mining sites, and their effect on seedling growth of Betula luminifera H. J.P.W in a pot experiment last for six months. The results demonstrated that BBOF significantly improved soil quality; in particular, the T2 treatment significantly enhanced soil water content (26.00%) and porosity (32.42%) (p<0.05). Compared to the T1 treatment, the T3 treatment exhibited a notable increase in soil pH and organic matter content by 7.74% and 31.78%, respectively (p<0.05). Soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and alkaline nitrogen (AN), alkaline potassium (AK), and alkaline phosphorus (AP), were increased by 38.15%, 74.78%, 1.41%, 65.02%, 336.20%, and 98.38%, respectively. The activities of urease, phosphatase, and β-glucoside significantly increased by 92.53%, 41.86%, and 175.33%, respectively, under the T3 treatment (p<0.05). The T3 treatment resulted in significant increases of 26.37%, 39.66%, 142.00%, and 118.62% in plant height, base diameter, and aboveground and underground biomass, respectively (p<0.05). The T2 treatment led to a reduction in bioavailable and total Sb and As in the soil. The accumulation of Sb in roots, stems, and leaves was found to decrease by 73.00%, 25.73%, and 4.48%, respectively, under T3 treatment. Taken together, the BBOF demonstrated positive impacts on the physicochemical properties of the soil, increased the activity of soil enzymes, reduced the biological availability of Sb and As, and facilitated the growth of Betula luminifera in antimony mining areas. The application rate of 1% was observed to have the most pronounced effect. The results provide a valuable reference for future soil improvement and vegetation restoration in S mining.

Key words: soil improvement, plant growth, biochar soil amendment, heavy metal, antimony (Sb) mining areas, Betula luminifera, phytoremediat

中图分类号:

李璞君, 唐丽, 赵博, 邸东柳, 陈岩, 肖江, 陈光才. 生物炭基土壤改良剂对锑矿区土壤质量及亮叶桦生长的影响[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(12): 1953-1963.

LI Pujun, TANG Li, ZHAO Bo, DI Dongliu, CHEN Yan, XIAO Jiang, CHEN Guangcai. The Amelioration of Biochar Soil Amendment on Antimony Mining Soil and Growth of Betula luminifera[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(12): 1953-1963.

图/表 10

表1 BBOF对土壤物理性质的影响

Table 1 Effects of BBOF on the soil physical properties

处理	w_{(土壤水分)}/%	土壤容重/(g∙cm⁻³)	土壤孔隙度/%
CK T1 T2 T3	0.19±0.02b 0.13±0.01a 0.16±0.01ab 0.16±0.02ab	3.19±0.18a 2.81±0.09a 3.12±0.1a 2.86±0.16a	0.42±0.05b 0.28±0.02a 0.37±0.02ab 0.34±0.05ab

图1 BBOF对土壤主要理化性质和锑砷总量及生物有效性的影响

Figure 1 Effects of BBOF on the soil main physical and chemical propertiestotal and bioavailability contents of antimony and arsenic

表2 BBOF对土壤酶活性的影响

Table 2 Effects of BBOF on the soil enzyme activity

处理	脲酶活性/ (μmol·g⁻¹·d⁻¹)	酸性磷酸酶活性/ (μmol·g⁻¹·d⁻¹)	β-葡萄糖苷酶活性/ (μmol·g⁻¹·d⁻¹)
CK T1 T2 T3	0.48±0.015d 0.13±0.006a 0.19±0.006b 0.25±0.015c	0.45±0.044b 0.31±0.002a 0.46±0.042b 0.43±0.068ab	35.06±2.695b 24.65±0.888a 27.81±1.719a 34.96±2.445b

图2 BBOF对亮叶桦生长形态和生物量分配影响

Figure 2 Effects of BBOF on growth morphology and biomass distribution in Betula luminifera

图3 BBOF对亮叶桦光合气体交换参数和叶绿素质量分数的影响

Figure 3 Effects of BBOF on photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll content of Betula luminifera

表3 BBOF对亮叶桦抗氧化系统的影响

Table 3 Effects of BBOF on antioxidant system of Betula luminifera

处理	SOD (by FW)/ (U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹)	CAT (by FW)/ (U·g⁻¹·min⁻¹)	MDA (by FW)/ (μmol·g⁻¹)
CK T1 T2 T3	2.63±0.08a 5.67±0.06d 3.57±0.11b 3.88±0.08c	1.26±0.2a 1.52±0.11a 1.12±0.08a 1.13±0.22a	1.56±0.02a 1.76±0.02b 1.68±0.01b 1.58±0.01a

图4 BBOF对亮叶桦锑砷质量分数、生物富集系数和转运系数的影响

Figure 4 Effects of BBOF on the concentration,bioconcentration factors and translocation factor of antimony and arsenic in Betula luminifera

图5 BBOF处理下锑矿区土壤改良与亮叶桦生长生理及重金属积累相关性分析 *代表p≤0.05，**代表p≤0.01，***代表p≤0.001；红色代表正相关，蓝色代表负相关

Figure 5 Correlation analysis of soil improvement in antimony mine area with growth physiology and heavy metal accumulation in Betula luminifera under BBOF treatment

图6 生物炭基肥作用下土壤改良对亮叶桦生长影响主成分分析

Figure 6 Principal component analysis of the effect of soil improvement on the growth of Betula luminifera with BBOF

图7 BBOF对锑矿区土壤的改良及亮叶桦生长潜在影响机制

Figure 7 The potential mechanism of soil improvement and Betula luminifera growth in antimony mining area effected by BBOF

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生物炭基土壤改良剂对锑矿区土壤质量及亮叶桦生长的影响

The Amelioration of Biochar Soil Amendment on Antimony Mining Soil and Growth of Betula luminifera

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