微氧生物亚铁氧化及其重金属固定效应研究进展

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.02.015

生态环境学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (2): 310-320.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2024.02.015

微氧生物亚铁氧化及其重金属固定效应研究进展

李嘉惠¹(), 童辉²^,³^,^*(), 陈曼佳², 刘承帅³, 姜琪², 易秀¹^,^*()

1.长安大学水利与环境学院/旱区地下水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室，陕西西安 710054
2.广东省科学院生态环境与土壤研究所，广东广州 510650
3.中国科学院地球化学研究所，贵州贵阳 550081

收稿日期:2023-09-20 出版日期:2024-02-18 发布日期:2024-04-03
通讯作者: 易秀。E-mail: yixiu@chd.edu.cn
*童辉。E-mail: huitong@soil.gd.cn
作者简介:李嘉惠（1999年生），女，硕士研究生，主要从事湿地土壤铁氧化物的环境效应。E-mail: 2021129064@chd.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42177238);国家自然科学基金项目(41977291);广东省农业科技创新及推广项目(2023KJ112)

Formation of Fe(Ⅲ) Minerals by Microaerophilic Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Immobilization of Heavy Metals: A Review

LI Jiahui¹(), TONG Hui²^,³^,^*(), CHEN Manjia², LIU Chengshuai³, JIANG Qi², YI Xiu¹^,^*()

1. School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University/Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region, Ministry of Education, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
2. Institute of Eco-environmental Science and Technology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, P. R. China
3. Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, P. R. China

Received:2023-09-20 Online:2024-02-18 Published:2024-04-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铁的生物地球化学循环对于多种环境过程至关重要，如碳封存、温室气体排放以及营养元素和有毒金属的迁移和转化。近年来，随着分离培养方式及分子生物学方法的发展，作为铁循环的重要组成部分的微氧生物铁氧化的研究取得了显著的进展。微氧型亚铁氧化菌广泛分布于近中性环境中，其分离栖息地从地下水、湿地、溪流延展至深海环境。微氧生物亚铁氧化成矿过程主要发生在细胞表面，生成比表面积较大的无定型铁氧化物。大部分微氧型亚铁氧化菌通过形成鞘状或螺旋柄状结构的胞外多聚物吸附生成的铁氧化物，防止自身被铁氧化物包埋，导致无法正常代谢而死亡。亚铁氧化成矿过程可吸附和共沉淀重金属元素，降低重金属的移动性和生物可利用性，从而缓解重金属的污染，为治理环境污染提供新的思路。文章主要总结了近年来国内外对嗜中性微氧型亚铁氧化菌的研究进展，包括其代谢特征、种类及分布、以及亚铁氧化菌的成矿机制和成矿过程对重金属迁移转化的影响。最后对如何快速有效地分离微氧型亚铁氧化菌、明确成矿过程中的特殊结构的形成机制等问题进行了讨论和展望。

关键词: 微氧型亚铁氧化菌, 铁还原菌, 亚铁氧化, 铁氧化物, 重金属, 微氧环境

Abstract:

Biogeochemical cycling of iron is crucial to many environmental processes, such as carbon storage, greenhouse gas emissions, and the transformation of nutrients and toxic metals. As an important part of the iron cycle, the Fe(II) oxidation process driven by the microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria (mFeOB) has made remarkable progress with the development of isolation and molecular biology methods in recent years. The mFeOB have frequently been found in redox transition zones at circumneutral pH, including groundwater seeps, wetland rhizosphere soils, creeks, and deep-sea hydrothermal vents. Fe(III) minerals are mainly produced on the cell surface, by forming amorphous iron oxides with a large specific surface area. Most mFeOB can form filamentous stalk or sheath structures to prevent the encrustation of FeOB, avoiding the cell death. In addition, Fe(II) oxidation process can adsorb and co-precipitate heavy metals which reduce their mobility and bioavailability, thereby alleviating the pollution of heavy metals and offering a new strategy for environmental protection. Here, we review recent findings regarding microbial Fe(II) oxidation under microaerobic and circumneutral pH conditions, including metabolism, species, and distribution of mFeOB, mechanism of microbial Fe(II) oxidation, and the effect of the Fe(II) oxidation process on the migration and transformation of heavy metals. Furthermore, we look forward to new methods for efficiently isolating mFeOB and identifying special structures during the Fe(II) oxidation process.

Key words: microaerophilic Fe(II)-oxidizing bacteria, Fe(III)-reducing bacteria, Fe(II) oxidation, Fe(III) mineral, heavy metal, microaerobic conditions

中图分类号:

X172

李嘉惠, 童辉, 陈曼佳, 刘承帅, 姜琪, 易秀. 微氧生物亚铁氧化及其重金属固定效应研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2024, 33(2): 310-320.

LI Jiahui, TONG Hui, CHEN Manjia, LIU Chengshuai, JIANG Qi, YI Xiu. Formation of Fe(Ⅲ) Minerals by Microaerophilic Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Immobilization of Heavy Metals: A Review[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2024, 33(2): 310-320.

图/表 5

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样品类型	来源	pH	O₂浓度/ (μmol∙L⁻¹)	Fe(II)浓度/ (μmol∙L⁻¹)	氧化速率比 (生物: 非生物)	培养环境	参考文献
纯培养	Sideroxydans paludicola BrT	6.5	2.5‒5	10‒100	1.4‒2.1	实验室中长期培养	Neubauer et al., 2002
纯培养	Sideroxydans lithotrophicus	6.2	9‒50	25	1.6	利用电化学方法监测	Druschel et al., 2008
纯培养	Mariprofundus ferrooxydans	-	~80	0.34	>1	监测阴极电流的变化	Summers et al., 2013
纯培养	Sideroxydans spp.	6.8	1‒30	550‒800	<1	控制不同条件培养	Maisch et al., 2019b
铁絮环境	含铁地下水渗出处	6.8‒7.1	5‒40	60‒120	1.8‒4.9	原位分析	Emerson et al., 1994
铁絮环境	含铁地下水渗出处	-	-	59	2.6	控制铁的浓度	James et al., 2004
铁絮环境	含铁絮的溪水	6.35	38‒290	116	1.4‒4	未控制氧气浓度	Rentz et al., 2007
铁絮环境	含铁絮的温泉及湖泊	5.7‒7.5	3.4‒343	0.2‒166	0.8‒8.9	原位分析结合实验培养	ST Clair et al., 2019

样品类型	来源	pH	O₂浓度/ (μmol∙L⁻¹)	Fe(II)浓度/ (μmol∙L⁻¹)	氧化速率比 (生物: 非生物)	培养环境	参考文献
纯培养	Sideroxydans paludicola BrT	6.5	2.5‒5	10‒100	1.4‒2.1	实验室中长期培养	Neubauer et al., 2002
纯培养	Sideroxydans lithotrophicus	6.2	9‒50	25	1.6	利用电化学方法监测	Druschel et al., 2008
纯培养	Mariprofundus ferrooxydans	-	~80	0.34	>1	监测阴极电流的变化	Summers et al., 2013
纯培养	Sideroxydans spp.	6.8	1‒30	550‒800	<1	控制不同条件培养	Maisch et al., 2019b
铁絮环境	含铁地下水渗出处	6.8‒7.1	5‒40	60‒120	1.8‒4.9	原位分析	Emerson et al., 1994
铁絮环境	含铁地下水渗出处	-	-	59	2.6	控制铁的浓度	James et al., 2004
铁絮环境	含铁絮的溪水	6.35	38‒290	116	1.4‒4	未控制氧气浓度	Rentz et al., 2007
铁絮环境	含铁絮的温泉及湖泊	5.7‒7.5	3.4‒343	0.2‒166	0.8‒8.9	原位分析结合实验培养	ST Clair et al., 2019

分类	微生物	GenBank号	形成柄/鞘	来源	参考文献
Alphaproteobacteria	Bradyrhizobium sp.22	563438928	否	地下水, 美国	Benzine et al., 2013
	Bradyrhizobium sp.wssl4	381351228	否	湿地土壤、地下水, 美国	Shelobolina et al., 2012
	Dechlorospirillum sp. M1	255709709	否	含有铁氧化物的淡水溪流, 美国	Picardal et al., 2011
	Ochrobactrumsp. EEELCW01	2696486	否	砷污染的根际水稻土, 中国	Luo et al., 2021
Betaproteobacteria	Beta proteobacterium TW2	20799634	否	淡水沉积物, 美国	Sobolev et al., 2001
	Cupriavidus necatar ss1-6-6	563438932	否	湿地土壤、地下水, 美国	Shelobolina et al., 2012
	Ferrigenium kumadai An22	894215544	否	水稻土, 日本	Khalifa et al., 2018
	Ferriphaselus amincola	387762392	是	地下水, 日本	Kato et al., 2013
	Ferritrophicum radicicola CCJ	90992749	否	酸性矿山废水周围的根际土, 美国	Weiss et al., 2007
	Gallionella ferruginea	1171632	是	饮用水井, 60 m深, 瑞典	Hallbeck et al., 1993
	Gallionella sp. R-1	343175302	是	富铁地下水温泉, 美国	Krepski et al., 2012
	Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6	444304199	是	排水管道周围的絮状物, 美国	Siering et al., 1996
	Leptothrix ochracea SCGC	310706513	是	水渗出地表周围形成的矿物, 美国	Fleming et al., 2011
	Ralstonia solanacearum in4ss52	381351227	是	湿地土壤、地下水, 美国	Shelobolina et al., 2012
	Sideroxyarcus emersonii	2764705	是	湿地土壤, 日本	Kato et al., 2022
	Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1	444439416	否	地下水渗出处, 美国	Emerson et al., 2013
	Sideroxydans paludicola BrT	90992751	是	湿地根际周围, 美国	Weiss et al., 2007
Zetaproteobacteria	Mariprofundus erugo strain P3	11634928	是	河流入河口, 美国	Garrison et al., 2019
	Mariprofundus ferrooxydans GSB2	314909558	是	海湾中富铁的絮状物, 美国	McBeth et al., 2011
	Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1	145226685	是	深海热液, 美国	Singer et al., 2011
	Mariprofundus micogutta ET2	1093294039	是	深海沉积物, 日本	Makita et al., 2017
	Unclassified	LT575232	是	滨海沉积物, 丹麦	Laufer et al., 2017

分类	微生物	GenBank号	形成柄/鞘	来源	参考文献
Alphaproteobacteria	Bradyrhizobium sp.22	563438928	否	地下水, 美国	Benzine et al., 2013
	Bradyrhizobium sp.wssl4	381351228	否	湿地土壤、地下水, 美国	Shelobolina et al., 2012
	Dechlorospirillum sp. M1	255709709	否	含有铁氧化物的淡水溪流, 美国	Picardal et al., 2011
	Ochrobactrumsp. EEELCW01	2696486	否	砷污染的根际水稻土, 中国	Luo et al., 2021
Betaproteobacteria	Beta proteobacterium TW2	20799634	否	淡水沉积物, 美国	Sobolev et al., 2001
	Cupriavidus necatar ss1-6-6	563438932	否	湿地土壤、地下水, 美国	Shelobolina et al., 2012
	Ferrigenium kumadai An22	894215544	否	水稻土, 日本	Khalifa et al., 2018
	Ferriphaselus amincola	387762392	是	地下水, 日本	Kato et al., 2013
	Ferritrophicum radicicola CCJ	90992749	否	酸性矿山废水周围的根际土, 美国	Weiss et al., 2007
	Gallionella ferruginea	1171632	是	饮用水井, 60 m深, 瑞典	Hallbeck et al., 1993
	Gallionella sp. R-1	343175302	是	富铁地下水温泉, 美国	Krepski et al., 2012
	Leptothrix cholodnii SP-6	444304199	是	排水管道周围的絮状物, 美国	Siering et al., 1996
	Leptothrix ochracea SCGC	310706513	是	水渗出地表周围形成的矿物, 美国	Fleming et al., 2011
	Ralstonia solanacearum in4ss52	381351227	是	湿地土壤、地下水, 美国	Shelobolina et al., 2012
	Sideroxyarcus emersonii	2764705	是	湿地土壤, 日本	Kato et al., 2022
	Sideroxydans lithotrophicus ES-1	444439416	否	地下水渗出处, 美国	Emerson et al., 2013
	Sideroxydans paludicola BrT	90992751	是	湿地根际周围, 美国	Weiss et al., 2007
Zetaproteobacteria	Mariprofundus erugo strain P3	11634928	是	河流入河口, 美国	Garrison et al., 2019
	Mariprofundus ferrooxydans GSB2	314909558	是	海湾中富铁的絮状物, 美国	McBeth et al., 2011
	Mariprofundus ferrooxydans PV-1	145226685	是	深海热液, 美国	Singer et al., 2011
	Mariprofundus micogutta ET2	1093294039	是	深海沉积物, 日本	Makita et al., 2017
	Unclassified	LT575232	是	滨海沉积物, 丹麦	Laufer et al., 2017

微氧生物亚铁氧化及其重金属固定效应研究进展

Formation of Fe(Ⅲ) Minerals by Microaerophilic Fe(Ⅱ)-oxidizing Bacteria and Its Effect on Immobilization of Heavy Metals: A Review

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