黑龙江大兴安岭重点国有林区森林碳储量及固碳潜力评估

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.002

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 1725-1734.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.09.002

黑龙江大兴安岭重点国有林区森林碳储量及固碳潜力评估

陈科屹¹(), 王建军¹, 何友均¹^,^*(), 张立文²

1.中国林业科学研究院林业科技信息研究所,北京 100091
2.大兴安岭林业集团公司,黑龙江大兴安岭地区 165000

收稿日期:2022-06-25 出版日期:2022-09-18 发布日期:2022-11-07
通讯作者: *何友均（1976年生）,男,研究员,博士,研究方向为森林多目标经营管理与评价。E-mail: hyjun163@163.com
作者简介:陈科屹（1989年生）,男,助理研究员,博士,研究方向为森林生态与森林经营管理。E-mail: Lowrychen@sina.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金面上项目(CAFBB2021MC004);国家林业和草原局林业草原规划评估专项研究(500102-1734)

Estimations of Forest Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Key State-Owned Forest Region in Daxing’anling, Heilongjiang Province

CHEN Keyi¹(), WANG Jianjun¹, HE Youjun¹^,^*(), ZHANG Liwen²

1. Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P. R. China
2. Daxinganling Forestry Group Company, Daxinganling 165000, P. R. China

Received:2022-06-25 Online:2022-09-18 Published:2022-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

国有林区是中国实施碳中和行动的重要区域,准确估算其森林植被碳储量及固碳潜力,对于指导制定应对气候变化策略,统筹区域生态-经济-社会协调发展具有重要意义。以黑龙江大兴安岭重点国有林区为研究对象,基于森林资源二类调查数据,在分树种（组）且分龄组的基础上,采用材积源生物量法对其森林植被碳储量和碳密度进行了测算。运用空间代替时间法,并结合林区植被生态区划情况和地带性顶级群落类型,对林区森林植被固碳潜力进行了评估。结果表明,（1）黑龙江大兴安岭重点国有林区森林植被总碳储量为2.7246×10⁸ Mg,平均碳密度为39.46 Mg∙hm^-2。乔木林碳储量占比高达99.93%,其平均碳密度是灌木林的4.00倍、疏林的3.72倍。（2）不同区域森林植被碳储量和碳密度差异悬殊,碳储量最多和最少的区域分别是新林林业局（3.4497×10⁷ Mg）和盘中自然保护区（1.0936×10⁶ Mg）,碳密度最大和最小的区域分别是双河自然保护区（59.68 Mg∙hm^-2）和盘中自然保护区（22.11 Mg∙hm^-2）;自然保护区的设立和合理有序的人为干预对于提升森林植被固碳能力具有一定的积极作用。（3）落叶松林（Larix gmelinii）碳储量占比接近林区总碳储量的1/2,樟子松林（Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica）平均碳密度远高于其他森林类型。（4）碳储量最多和平均碳密度最大的林种分别是一般用材林和母树林。（5）中龄林是碳储量最多的龄组,平均碳密度随龄组的增加而增大。（6）林区总固碳潜力为1.9367×10⁸ Mg,主体贡献源于现存森林植被的生长。建议加强天然次生林保护与修复的理论研究和技术研发,提高森林生态系统质量和稳定性,增强其固碳增汇能力。创新森林植被固碳增汇管理,拓展林业碳汇生态产品价值实现路径。

关键词: 森林碳储量, 碳密度, 固碳潜力, 材积源生物量法, 国有林区

Abstract:

The state-owned forest regions are the key regions to implement carbon neutralization in China. Accurate estimations of carbon storage and carbon sequestration potential of forest vegetation are of great significance for making strategies to cope with climate change and for coordinating regional eco-economy-social development. Based on the data of forest resource survey type II, the carbon storage and density of forest vegetation in the key state-owned forest region of Daxing’ anling, Heilongjiang Province were estimated by using the volume-biomass method on the basis of tree species (groups) and age groups. Based on the space-time substitution method, the carbon sequestration potential of forest vegetation was evaluated according to the ecological regionalization of forest vegetation and the type of zonality climax community. The results showed that (1) the total carbon storage and average carbon density of forest vegetation were 2.7246×10⁸ Mg and 39.46 Mg∙hm^-2, respectively. The proportion of carbon storage in arbor forest was 99.93%, and its average carbon density was 4.00 times of that in shrub wood and 3.72 times of that in open forest. (2) The carbon storage and carbon density of forest vegetation varied greatly in different regions. The regions of Xinlin Forestry Bureau (3.4497×10⁷ Mg) and Panzhong National Nature Reserve (1.0936×10⁶ Mg) had the highest and lowest carbon storage, respectively. The regions with the highest and lowest carbon densities were Shuanghe National Nature Reserve (59.68 Mg∙hm^-2) and Pan National Nature Reserve (22.11 Mg∙hm^-2). The establishment of nature reserves and reasonable and ordered human intervention both played positive roles in improving the carbon sequestration capacity of forest vegetation. (3) The proportion of carbon storage in Larix gmelini forest was nearly half of the total carbon storage in the research area, and the average carbon density of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forest was much higher than that of other forest types. (4) In general, forests for timber and for seed production had the largest carbon storage and average carbon density. (5) The half-mature forest is the age group with the largest carbon storage, and the average carbon density rose with the increase of age. (6) The carbon sequestration potential in total was 1.9367×10⁸ Mg, mainly owing to the growth of existing forest vegetation. To sum up, it is recommended to strengthen the theoretical research and technological research on the protection and restoration of natural secondary forests, to improve the quality and stability of forest ecosystems, to enhance their capacity to sequester carbon and increase sink, and to innovate the management of forest vegetation carbon sink, as well as to broaden the value realization path of ecological products in the forest carbon sink.

Key words: forest carbon storage, carbon density, carbon sequestration potential, volume-biomass method, state-owned forest region

中图分类号:

S718.5
X173

陈科屹, 王建军, 何友均, 张立文. 黑龙江大兴安岭重点国有林区森林碳储量及固碳潜力评估[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(9): 1725-1734.

CHEN Keyi, WANG Jianjun, HE Youjun, ZHANG Liwen. Estimations of Forest Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Key State-Owned Forest Region in Daxing’anling, Heilongjiang Province[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(9): 1725-1734.

图/表 9

参考文献 34

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树种（组） Species (group)	F_BE					R					D	F
树种（组） Species (group)	幼龄林 Sapling	中龄林 Immature	近熟林 Near-mature	成熟林 Mature	过熟林 Overmature	幼龄林Sapling	中龄林 Immature	近熟林 Near-mature	成熟林 Mature	过熟林 Overmature	D	F
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	1.416	1.644	1.281	1.229	1.150	0.212	0.205	0.211	0.188	0.239	0.490	0.521
樟子松 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	2.513	2.919	1.864	1.789	1.827	0.241	0.241	0.241	0.241	0.241	0.375	0.522
杨树 Aspen spp.	1.446	1.496	1.369	1.390	1.460	0.227	0.259	0.227	0.171	0.209	0.378	0.485
桦树 Birch spp.	1.424	1.526	1.396	1.252	1.109	0.248	0.229	0.279	0.235	0.190	0.541	0.491
柳树 Willow spp.	1.821	1.821	1.821	1.821	1.821	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.443	0.485
红松 Pinus koraiensis	1.510	1.558	1.267	1.413	1.340	0.221	0.223	0.211	0.217	0.215	0.396	0.511
椴树 Linden spp.	1.407	1.407	1.407	1.407	1.407	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.420	0.439
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	1.355	1.380	1.327	1.360	1.474	0.292	0.260	0.275	0.410	0.281	0.676	0.500
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandschurica	1.293	1.293	1.293	1.293	1.293	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.464	0.497
云杉 Picea asperata	1.734	2.326	1.516	1.473	1.427	0.224	0.185	0.224	0.244	0.302	0.342	0.521
其他温带杉类 Other temperate fir species	1.667	2.300	1.382	1.459	1.245	0.277	0.302	0.274	0.238	0.218	0.359	0.510
其他温带松类 Other temperate pine species	1.631	1.881	1.461	1.456	1.200	0.206	0.213	0.216	0.202	0.284	0.424	0.511
软阔类 Soft broadleaf	1.586	1.729	1.489	1.254	1.432	0.289	0.278	0.282	0.276	0.412	0.443	0.485
硬阔类 Hard broadleaf	1.674	1.799	1.543	1.172	1.368	0.261	0.257	0.296	0.160	0.294	0.598	0.497

树种（组） Species (group)	F_BE					R					D	F
树种（组） Species (group)	幼龄林 Sapling	中龄林 Immature	近熟林 Near-mature	成熟林 Mature	过熟林 Overmature	幼龄林Sapling	中龄林 Immature	近熟林 Near-mature	成熟林 Mature	过熟林 Overmature	D	F
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	1.416	1.644	1.281	1.229	1.150	0.212	0.205	0.211	0.188	0.239	0.490	0.521
樟子松 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	2.513	2.919	1.864	1.789	1.827	0.241	0.241	0.241	0.241	0.241	0.375	0.522
杨树 Aspen spp.	1.446	1.496	1.369	1.390	1.460	0.227	0.259	0.227	0.171	0.209	0.378	0.485
桦树 Birch spp.	1.424	1.526	1.396	1.252	1.109	0.248	0.229	0.279	0.235	0.190	0.541	0.491
柳树 Willow spp.	1.821	1.821	1.821	1.821	1.821	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.288	0.443	0.485
红松 Pinus koraiensis	1.510	1.558	1.267	1.413	1.340	0.221	0.223	0.211	0.217	0.215	0.396	0.511
椴树 Linden spp.	1.407	1.407	1.407	1.407	1.407	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.201	0.420	0.439
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	1.355	1.380	1.327	1.360	1.474	0.292	0.260	0.275	0.410	0.281	0.676	0.500
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandschurica	1.293	1.293	1.293	1.293	1.293	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.221	0.464	0.497
云杉 Picea asperata	1.734	2.326	1.516	1.473	1.427	0.224	0.185	0.224	0.244	0.302	0.342	0.521
其他温带杉类 Other temperate fir species	1.667	2.300	1.382	1.459	1.245	0.277	0.302	0.274	0.238	0.218	0.359	0.510
其他温带松类 Other temperate pine species	1.631	1.881	1.461	1.456	1.200	0.206	0.213	0.216	0.202	0.284	0.424	0.511
软阔类 Soft broadleaf	1.586	1.729	1.489	1.254	1.432	0.289	0.278	0.282	0.276	0.412	0.443	0.485
硬阔类 Hard broadleaf	1.674	1.799	1.543	1.172	1.368	0.261	0.257	0.296	0.160	0.294	0.598	0.497

植被生态小区Vegetation ecodistrict	涉及区域Corresponding region
大兴安岭北部樟子松兴安落叶松林生态小区 Ecodistrict of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii forest in thenorth of Daxing’anling	漠河林业局、图强林业局、阿木尔林业局、塔河林业局、北极村自然保护区、岭峰自然保护区、盘中自然保护区
大兴安岭东部蒙古栎兴安落叶松林生态小区 Ecodistrict of Quercus mongolica and Larix gmelinii forest in theeast of Daxing’anling	十八站林业局、呼中林业局、新林林业局、双河自然保护区、呼中自然保护区
黑嫩高平原蒙古栎林生态小区 Ecodistrict of Quercus mongolica forest in thehigh plain of Heihe-Nenjiang	松岭林业局、加格达奇林业局、韩家园林业局、南瓮河自然保护区、绰纳河自然保护区、多布库尔自然保护区

植被生态小区Vegetation ecodistrict	涉及区域Corresponding region
大兴安岭北部樟子松兴安落叶松林生态小区 Ecodistrict of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica and Larix gmelinii forest in thenorth of Daxing’anling	漠河林业局、图强林业局、阿木尔林业局、塔河林业局、北极村自然保护区、岭峰自然保护区、盘中自然保护区
大兴安岭东部蒙古栎兴安落叶松林生态小区 Ecodistrict of Quercus mongolica and Larix gmelinii forest in theeast of Daxing’anling	十八站林业局、呼中林业局、新林林业局、双河自然保护区、呼中自然保护区
黑嫩高平原蒙古栎林生态小区 Ecodistrict of Quercus mongolica forest in thehigh plain of Heihe-Nenjiang	松岭林业局、加格达奇林业局、韩家园林业局、南瓮河自然保护区、绰纳河自然保护区、多布库尔自然保护区

区域 Region	碳储量Carbon storage/Mg					平均碳密度 Average carbon density/(Mg∙hm^-2)
区域 Region	合计 Total	乔木林 Arbor forest	灌木林 Shrubwood	疏林 Open forest	苗圃 Nursery	平均碳密度 Average carbon density/(Mg∙hm^-2)
阿木尔林业局 Amuer Forestry Bureau	1.6878×10⁷	1.6869×10⁷	5.2804×10³	3.1735×10³	0	37.97
北极村自然保护区 Beijicun Natural Reserve	5.3070×10⁶	5.3064×10⁶	0	6.3747×10²	0	40.59
绰纳河自然保护区 Chaonahe Natural Reserve	5.2231×10⁶	5.2227×10⁶	0	4.0531×10²	0	56.55
多布库尔自然保护区 Duobukuer Natural Reserve	2.9910×10⁶	2.9910×10⁶	0	0	1.5808×10²	36.15
韩家园林业局 Hanjiayuan Forestry Bureau	2.2189×10⁷	2.2185×10⁷	3.7960×10³	2.7860×10¹	1.7784×10²	35.89
呼中林业局 Huzhong Forestry Bureau	3.1463×10⁷	3.1409×10⁷	5.3936×10⁴	4.9881×10²	0	42.16
呼中自然保护区 Huzhong Natural Reserve	8.2328×10⁶	8.1932×10⁶	3.9521×10⁴	0	4.9400×10²	52.73
加格达奇林业局 Jiagedaqi Forestry Bureau	2.0062×10⁷	2.0062×10⁷	0	4.3520×10¹	0	36.97
岭峰自然保护区 Lingfeng Natural Reserve	3.0699×10⁶	3.0666×10⁶	3.3467×10³	0	0	45.27
南瓮河自然保护区 Nanwenghe Natural Reserve	6.7677×10⁶	6.7674×10⁶	0	2.7828×10²	0	47.88
盘中自然保护区 Panzhong Natural Reserve	1.0936×10⁶	1.0936×10⁶	0	0	0	22.11
十八站林业局 Shibazhan Forestry Bureau	1.5677×10⁷	1.5671×10⁷	2.5589×10²	6.1629×10³	4.0508×10²	29.69
双河自然保护区 Shuanghe Natural Reserve	4.7940×10⁶	4.7906×10⁶	0	3.3895×10³	0	59.68
松岭林业局 Songling Forestry Bureau	2.2955×10⁷	2.2950×10⁷	5.1663×10²	4.8161×10³	2.6625×10²	38.92
塔河林业局 Tahe Forestry Bureau	3.2399×10⁷	3.2390×10⁷	7.0779×10³	6.9079×10²	9.6824×10²	40.80
图强林业局 Tuqiang Forestry Bureau	1.6867×10⁷	1.6866×10⁷	2.2920×10¹	1.5510×10¹	2.0748×10²	36.26
漠河林业局 Mohe Forestry Bureau	2.1998×10⁷	2.1969×10⁷	1.3900×10⁴	1.3669×10⁴	8.5956×10²	39.99
新林林业局 Xinlin Forestry Bureau	3.4497×10⁷	3.4484×10⁷	1.2226×10⁴	6.4629×10²	2.7298×10²	41.80
全林区 The whole region	2.7246×10⁸	2.7229×10⁸	1.3988×10⁵	3.4455×10⁴	4.2838×10³	39.46

黑龙江大兴安岭重点国有林区森林碳储量及固碳潜力评估

Estimations of Forest Carbon Storage and Carbon Sequestration Potential of Key State-Owned Forest Region in Daxing’anling, Heilongjiang Province

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树种（组） Species (group)	碳储量 Carbon storage/Mg	碳储量占比 Carbon storage ratio/%	面积 Area/hm²	平均碳密度 Average carbon density/(Mg∙hm^-2)
落叶松 Larix gmelinii	1.3364×10⁸	49.05	3.2075×10⁶	41.66
桦树 Birch spp.	1.1633×10⁸	42.70	3.0174×10⁶	38.55
杨树 Aspen spp.	8.9111×10⁶	3.27	3.4629×10⁵	25.73
樟子松 Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica	5.8880×10⁶	2.16	9.3648×10⁴	62.87
蒙古栎 Quercus mongolica	5.6706×10⁶	2.08	1.7630×10⁵	32.16
云杉 Picea asperata	1.0504×10⁶	0.39	2.8712×10⁴	36.58
柳树 Willow spp.	7.9191×10⁵	0.29	2.1802×10⁴	36.32
水曲柳 Fraxinus mandschurica	2.3853×10⁴	0.01	5.5230×10²	43.19
其他 Others	1.5641×10⁵	0.06	1.4744×10⁴	10.31

林种 Forest categories		碳储量 Carbon storage/Mg	碳储量占比 Carbon storage ratio/%	平均碳密度 Average carbon density/(Mg∙hm^-2)
防护林 Protection forest	水源涵养林 Forest for conservation of water supply	3.5389×10⁷	12.99	42.28
防护林 Protection forest	护岸林 Forest for protection of river bank	1.8835×10⁷	6.91	36.94
用材林 Timber forest	一般用材林 General timber forest	1.0573×10⁸	38.81	38.44
用材林 Timber forest	短轮伐期工业原料用材林 Timber for industrial raw materials in short rotation	1.9590×10⁷	7.19	39.86
特种用途林 Forest for special purpose	国防林 Forest for national defense	4.0757×10⁶	1.50	33.49
	实验林 Forest for experiment	2.5529×10⁵	0.09	41.00
	母树林 Forest for seed production	5.2765×10⁵	0.19	47.64
	环境保护林 Forest for environmental protection	4.2869×10⁵	0.16	43.38
	风景林 Forest for scenery	1.0891×10⁵	0.04	39.50
	自然保护林 Forest for natural conservation	1.6513×10⁷	6.06	44.24

龄组 Age group	合计 Total		天然林 Natural forest		人工林 Artificial forest
龄组 Age group	碳储量 Carbon storage/ Mg	平均碳密度 Average carbon density/ (Mg∙hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage/ Mg	平均碳密度 Average carbon density/ (Mg∙hm^-2)	碳储量 Carbon storage/ Mg	平均碳密度 Average carbon density/ (Mg∙hm^-2)
幼龄林 Sapling	1.9664×10⁷	19.20	1.9159×10⁷	19.06	5.0471×10⁵	26.22
中龄林 Immature	1.7303×10⁸	41.42	1.6938×10⁸	41.84	3.6446×10⁶	28.21
近熟林Near-mature	4.2534×10⁷	45.72	4.1417×10⁷	45.90	1.1168×10⁶	39.85
成熟林 Mature	3.2571×10⁷	48.90	3.2489×10⁷	48.87	8.1905×10⁴	60.50
过熟林 Overmature	4.4901×10⁶	50.16	4.4861×10⁶	50.18	4.0109×10³	37.40
合计 Total	2.7229×10⁸	39.53	2.6693×10⁸	39.78	5.3520×10⁶	30.08

地类 Type of land use	碳储量 Carbon storage/Mg	碳容量 Carboncapacity/Mg	固碳潜力 Carbon sequestration potential/Mg
乔木林地 Arboreal lands	2.7229×10⁸	4.1246×10⁸	1.4017×10⁸
灌木林地 Shrubland	1.3988×10⁵	1.3988×10⁵	-
疏林地 Open forest land	3.4455×10⁴	1.8336×10⁵	1.4891×10⁵
苗圃地 Nursery Land	4.2838×10³	4.2838×10³	-
宜林荒山荒地 Barren mountains and wastelands suitable for forests	0	5.2246×10⁶	5.2246×10⁶
宜林沙荒地 Wasteland suitable for forests	0	1.2296×10⁶	1.2296×10⁶
其他宜林地 Other suitable land for forest	0	4.6395×10⁷	4.6395×10⁷
未成林造林地 Afforest land	0	1.2836×10⁵	1.2836×10⁵
其他无立木林地 Other non-standing woodlands	0	3.1388×10⁵	3.1388×10⁵
火烧迹地 Burned area	0	5.7425×10⁴	5.7425×10⁴
采伐迹地 Cutover land	0	1.1875×10³	1.1875×10³
合计 Total	2.7246×10⁸	4.6614×10⁸	1.9367×10⁸

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