北亚热带东部次生阔叶林降水过程中的镉、铅、砷含量变化

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.013

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 979-989.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.013

北亚热带东部次生阔叶林降水过程中的镉、铅、砷含量变化

钱学诗¹(), 李勇², 钱壮壮¹, 葛晓敏³, 唐罗忠¹^,^*()

1.南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心/南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京 210037
2.青田县林业局,浙江丽水 323900
3.生态环境部南京环境科学研究所自然保护与生物多样性研究中心/国家环境保护生物安全重点实验室,江苏南京 210042

收稿日期:2022-01-19 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: * 唐罗忠,教授,主要从事森林培育理论与技术研究。E-mail: luozhongtang@njfu.edu.cn
作者简介:钱学诗（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,主要开展森林生态系统研究。E-mail: 1741150389@qq.com
基金资助:
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX200203);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(GYZX210503);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)

Changes of Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic Contents during Precipitation in the Secondary Broad-leaved Forest in the Eastern Area of North Subtropics, China

QIAN Xueshi¹(), LI Yong², QIAN Zhuangzhuang¹, GE Xiaomin³, TANG Luozhong¹^,^*()

1. Co-Innovation Center for the Sustainable Forestry in Southern China/College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, P. R. China
2. Qingtian County Forestry Bureau of Zhejiang Province, Lishui 323900, P. R. China
3. Research Center for Nature Conservation and Biodiversity/ State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on Biosafety, Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-19 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

系统研究森林生态系统水文过程中污染物的变化规律是提高森林净化功能的重要基础。为揭示森林对降水中重金属的调节能力,以江苏省句容市下蜀林场的麻栎（Quercus acutissima）+枫香（Liquidambar formosana）次生阔叶混交林为研究对象,对大气降雨、林内雨、树干茎流和地表径流中的镉（Cd）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）质量浓度和通量进行了为期1年的调查研究。结果表明,从2015年1—12月,大气降雨量为1763.1 mm,其中55.76%的降水集中在6—8月;林内雨、树干茎流和地表径流分别占大气降雨量的90.89%、3.81%和13.63%。各类降水中重金属存在季节性变化规律,在雨季质量浓度普遍较低,旱季质量浓度普遍较高。大气降雨中Cd、Pb、As的年均加权质量浓度分别为0.114、0.151、0.681 μg∙L^-1;与大气降雨相比,林内雨中Cd的年均加权质量浓度较低,Pb和As质量浓度较高;树干茎流中各元素年均加权质量浓度均明显高于大气降雨和林内雨;地表径流的Pb质量浓度低于林内雨,高于大气降雨,Cd和As质量浓度均高于大气降雨和林内雨。从重金属通量看,大气降雨经过林冠和树干后增加了57.44%,经过凋落物和土壤表层后,降低了87.2%,表明林地凋落物和土壤表层对降雨中的重金属具有良好的截留作用。今后有必要针对土壤渗透水量和水质进行研究,以便于全面评价该森林对降水污染的净化效应。

关键词: 森林生态系统, 森林水文, 湿沉降, 重金属, 净化

Abstract:

It is widely accepted that forests can purify pollutants in the environment, but few studies have investigated heavy metal deposition in plantations and quantified the pollution risk levels of precipitation. In the present study, we aimed to reveal the regulation ability of the forest on heavy metals in the wet deposition of the area. The mixed secondary broad-leaved forests of Quercus acutissima and Liquidambar formosana in Xiashu Forest Farm, Jurong City, Jiangsu Province were selected to investigate the concentrations and fluxes of Cd, Pb, and As in bulk precipitation, throughfall, stemflow, and surface runoff. The results showed that the total bulk precipitation was 1763.1 mm from January to December 2015 and 55.76% of the bulk precipitation was concentrated in June-August. Throughfall, stemflow, and surface runoff accounted for 90.89%, 3.81%, and 13.63% of the total precipitation, respectively. The concentrations of heavy metals in all kinds of precipitation were generally lower in the rainy season than in the dry season. The annual weighted concentrations of Cd, Pb, and As in bulk precipitation were 0.114 μg∙L^-1, 0.151 μg∙L^-1, 0.681 μg∙L^-1, respectively. The annual weighted concentration of Cd in throughfall was lower compared with that in bulk precipitation, while concentrations of Pb and As were higher. The annual weighted concentrations of various elements in stemflow were significantly higher than those in bulk precipitation and throughfall. The annual weighted concentration Pb in surface runoff was lower than that in throughfall, but higher than that in bulk precipitation, while Cd and As concentrations were higher than those in bulk precipitation and throughfall. The annual flux of heavy metals in precipitation increased by 57.44% after passing through the canopy and the trunk, and decreased by 87.2% after passing through the litter and surface soil. These findings suggested that forest litter and surface soil had good interception effects on heavy metals in precipitation. We recommend that it is necessary to investigate the soil infiltration and water quality to further evaluate the purification effect of the forest on precipitation pollution in the future.

Key words: forest ecosystem, forest hydrology, wet deposition, heavy metal, purification

中图分类号:

X16
X142

钱学诗, 李勇, 钱壮壮, 葛晓敏, 唐罗忠. 北亚热带东部次生阔叶林降水过程中的镉、铅、砷含量变化[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 979-989.

QIAN Xueshi, LI Yong, QIAN Zhuangzhuang, GE Xiaomin, TANG Luozhong. Changes of Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic Contents during Precipitation in the Secondary Broad-leaved Forest in the Eastern Area of North Subtropics, China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 979-989.

图/表 15

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元素 Element	大气降雨 Bulk precipitation	林内雨 Throughfall	树干茎流 Stemflow	地表径流 Surface runoff
Cd	-0.552^**	-0.524^*	-0.418^*	-0.321
Pb	0.044	-0.495^*	-0.589^**	-0.380
As	-0.514^*	-0.536^*	-0.611^**	-0.385

元素 Element	大气降雨 Bulk precipitation	林内雨 Throughfall	树干茎流 Stemflow	地表径流 Surface runoff
Cd	-0.552^**	-0.524^*	-0.418^*	-0.321
Pb	0.044	-0.495^*	-0.589^**	-0.380
As	-0.514^*	-0.536^*	-0.611^**	-0.385

元素 Element	PC1	PC2
Cd	0.842	0.185
As	0.810	0.235
Pb	0.244	0.969
解释总方差 Explain the total variance/%	47.462	34.284
累积解释总方差 Cumulative explained total variance/%	81.746

元素 Element	PC1	PC2
Cd	0.842	0.185
As	0.810	0.235
Pb	0.244	0.969
解释总方差 Explain the total variance/%	47.462	34.284
累积解释总方差 Cumulative explained total variance/%	81.746

降水类型 Precipitation type		元素 Element
降水类型 Precipitation type		Cd	Pb	As
大气降雨 Bulk precipitation	年均质量浓度/ (μg∙L^-1)	0.114	0.151	0.681
林内雨 Throughfall	年均质量浓度/(μg∙L^-1)	0.097	0.413	0.934
	净淋溶量/(μg∙L^-1)	-0.017	0.262	0.253
	淋溶系数	0.850	2.735	1.371
麻栎树干茎流 Stemflow of Quercus acutissima	年均质量浓度/(μg∙L^-1)	0.397	3.943	1.903
	净淋溶量/(μg∙L^-1)	0.283	3.792	1.222
	淋溶系数	3.482	26.112	2.794
枫香树干茎流 Stemflow of Liquidambar formosana	年均质量浓度/(μg∙L^-1)	0.402	3.588	1.747
	净淋溶量/(μg∙L^-1)	0.288	3.437	1.066
	淋溶系数	3.526	23.761	2.565
地表径流 Surface runoff	年均质量浓度/(μg∙L^-1)	0.116	0.371	1.069
	净淋溶量/(μg∙L^-1)	0.002	0.220	0.388
	淋溶系数	1.017	2.456	1.569

北亚热带东部次生阔叶林降水过程中的镉、铅、砷含量变化

Changes of Cadmium, Lead and Arsenic Contents during Precipitation in the Secondary Broad-leaved Forest in the Eastern Area of North Subtropics, China

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降水类型 Precipitation type	年通量 Annual flux/(g∙hm^-2∙a^-1)
降水类型 Precipitation type	Cd	Pb	As	总量 Amount
大气降雨 Bulk precipitation	2.017	2.685	12.084	16.786
林内雨 Throughfall	1.588	6.786	15.349	23.722
树干茎流 Stemflow	0.181	1.702	0.825	2.707
地表径流 Surface runoff	0.227	0.724	2.086	3.036

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