云南哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤CH4通量特征

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.010

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 949-960.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.05.010

云南哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤CH₄通量特征

陈丽娟¹^,⁵(), 周文君¹^,²^,⁵^,^*(), 易艳芸¹^,⁵, 宋清海¹^,², 张一平¹^,², 梁乃申⁴, 鲁志云¹^,³, 温韩东¹^,³, MOHD Zeeshan¹, 沙丽清¹^,²^,⁵^,⁶^,^*()

1.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室,云南勐腊 666303
2.中国科学院核心植物园植物生态中心,云南勐腊 666303
3.中国科学院哀牢山亚热带森林生态系统研究站,云南景东 676209
4.日本国立环境研究所,筑波 305—8506
5.中国科学院大学,北京 100049
6.中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园公共技术中心,云南勐腊 666303

收稿日期:2022-01-26 出版日期:2022-05-18 发布日期:2022-07-12
通讯作者: 周文君（1977年生）,女,副研究员,博士,研究方向为全球变化生态学。E-mail: zhouwj@xtbg.ac.cn
* 沙丽清（1963年生）,男,研究员,博士,研究方向为土壤生态与环境生态。E-mail: shalq@xtbg.ac.cn;
作者简介:陈丽娟（1996年生）,女,硕士研究生,研究方向为全球变化生态学。E-mail: chenlijuan@xtbg.ac.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(31870467);国家自然科学基金项目(42073080);云南省自然科学基金项目(2019IB018);云南省第四批博士后定向培养项目;中国科学院“一三五”专项(2017XTBG-F01);中国科学院“一三五”专项(2017XTBG-T01);云南省中青年学术和技术带头人后备人才项目(202205AC160045)

Characteristics of Soil CH₄ Flux in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China

CHEN Lijuan¹^,⁵(), ZHOU Wenjun¹^,²^,⁵^,^*(), YI Yanyun¹^,⁵, SONG Qinghai¹^,², ZHANG Yiping¹^,², LIANG Naishen⁴, LU Zhiyun¹^,³, WEN Handong¹^,³, MOHD Zeeshan¹, SHA Liqing¹^,²^,⁵^,⁶^,^*()

1. CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology/Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, P. R. China
2. Center for Plant Ecology, Core Botanical Gardens, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, P. R. China
3. Ailaoshan Station for Subtropical Forest Ecosystem Studies, Jingdong 676209, P. R. China
4. Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
5. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
6. Institutional Center for Shared Technologies and Facilities of Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, P. R. China

Received:2022-01-26 Online:2022-05-18 Published:2022-07-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

甲烷（CH₄）是仅次于二氧化碳（CO₂）的重要温室气体,对全球气候变化有重要的反馈作用。亚热带森林土壤是全球陆地生态系统重要的CH₄汇,但因在亚热带的观测较少,致使模型估算得出的结果具有不确定性,因此需对土壤CH₄通量进行现场观测和实验,以便准确估计亚热带森林土壤CH₄通量及其对该生态系统碳汇能力的贡献。采用大型多点自动开闭箱式自动连续测定法在哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林开展土壤CH₄通量、气温（t_a）、地表温度（t₀）、土壤5 cm温度（t₅）、降雨量（P）和土壤含水量（C_sw）进行连续1年定位观测。结果表明,（1）云南哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤为CH₄的汇,年通量为 (-11.79±0.001) kg∙hm^-2∙a^-1,年均速率为 (-0.13±0.05) mg∙m^-2∙h^-1,呈现出显著的季节动态,表现为干季土壤CH₄的吸收通量[(-0.17±0.06) mg∙m^-2∙h^-1]显著高于雨季[(-0.10±0.03) mg∙m^-2∙h^-1]（P<0.05）。（2）土壤CH₄通量与地表温度（r²=0.2125,P<0.001）、土壤5 cm温度（r²=0.1948,P<0.001）和气温（r²=0.0983,P<0.001）呈显著相关关系,但土壤CH₄通量与土壤5 cm温度的相关关系在12.35 ℃由正相关转为负相关。（3）土壤CH₄通量对土壤含水量的变化响应较温度敏感,土壤含水量可解释其90.36%的相关性（P<0.001）,单因素和双因子关系模型进一步证明土壤含水量是调节哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤CH₄通量的主导因子。（4）在20年和100年时间尺度上,CH₄通量的全球增温潜势（global warming potential,GWP）分别可以抵消土壤CO₂排放产生增温潜势的2.2%和0.7%,可以增加该生态系统碳汇的10.6%和3.5%。为此,在未来降水格局变化的情景下,土壤含水量可用于预测哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤CH₄通量的变化和生态系统CH₄汇的强度,进而反映其对该森林生态系统碳汇能力的贡献。

关键词: 亚热带森林土壤, CH₄通量, 土壤含水量, 温度敏感性（Q₁₀）, 全球增温潜势

Abstract:

Methane (CH₄), one of the important greenhouse gases, has significant effects on global climate change. Subtropical forest soil plays an important role in CH₄ sink, which, however, are still uncertain by models due to few in situ observation in the subtropical zone. Field based investigations of CH₄ flux and its contribution to the carbon sink capacity of forest ecosystem are needed. In this study, we collected the one-year experimental data of CH₄flux in Ailao Mountain subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest by continuous automatic flux chambers systems. The regulating factors including air temperature (t_a), surface temperature (t₀), soil temperature at 5 cm depth (t₅), precipitation (P) and soil water content (C_sw) were analyzed. The results showed that (1) the subtropical forest soil acted as the sink of CH₄. The annual CH₄ uptake were (-11.79±0.001) kg∙hm^-2∙a^-1 in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest of Ailao Mountain. The seasonal dynamic with the soil CH₄ flux in dry season (-0.17±0.06) mg∙m^-2∙h^-1 was significantly stronger than that in rainy season (-0.10±0.03) mg∙m^-2∙h^-1 (P<0.05). (2) There were significant correlations between soil CH₄ flux and surface temperature (r²=0.2125, P<0.001), and between soil temperature at 5 cm (r²=0.1948, P<0.001) and air temperature (r²=0.0983, P<0.001). Soil CH₄ flux was correlated with soil temperature at 5 cm positively when the temperature was at or below 12.35 ℃ and negatively when it was above 12.35 ℃. (3) The relationship between CH₄ flux and soil water content showed statistical significance, which explained the correlation of soil CH₄ 90.36% (P<0.001). The fitting results of single and two factors relationship models showed that soil water content was the dominant factor affecting soil CH₄ flux absorption in the subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain. (4) The global warming potential of soil CH₄ flux for 20 years (990.15 CO₂) and 100 years (330.05 CO₂) was 2.2% and 0.7% of soil CO₂ and 10.6% and 3.5% of net ecosystem exchange (NEE), respectively. Therefore, soil water content can be used to predict the change of soil CH₄flux and the intensity of ecosystem CH₄ sink of subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Ailao Mountain.

Key words: subtropical forest, CH₄ flux, soil water content, temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀), global warming potential

中图分类号:

陈丽娟, 周文君, 易艳芸, 宋清海, 张一平, 梁乃申, 鲁志云, 温韩东, MOHD Zeeshan, 沙丽清. 云南哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤CH₄通量特征[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(5): 949-960.

CHEN Lijuan, ZHOU Wenjun, YI Yanyun, SONG Qinghai, ZHANG Yiping, LIANG Naishen, LU Zhiyun, WEN Handong, MOHD Zeeshan, SHA Liqing. Characteristics of Soil CH₄ Flux in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(5): 949-960.

图/表 8

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项目 Item	雨季 Rainy season	干季 Dry season	年 Annual
气温 Air temperature/℃	15.12±1.98**	8.24±2.74**	11.71±4.19
地表温度 Surface temperature/℃	14.18±1.28**	8.90±1.79**	11.81±3.28
土壤5 cm温度 Soil temperature at 5 cm/℃	15.12±1.48**	8.66±2.02**	11.91±3.69
土壤含水量 Soil water content/%	37.66±2.28**	28.42±5.18**	33.04±6.20
降雨量 Precipitation/mm	14.81±11.82**	7.78±6.72**	11.33±10.24
CH₄通量 CH₄ flux/(mg∙m^-2∙h^-1)	-0.10±0.03**	-0.17±0.06**	-0.13±0.05
CH₄年通量 Annual flux/(kg∙hm^-2)	-4.49±0.001	-7.30±0.001	-11.79±0.001

项目 Item	雨季 Rainy season	干季 Dry season	年 Annual
气温 Air temperature/℃	15.12±1.98**	8.24±2.74**	11.71±4.19
地表温度 Surface temperature/℃	14.18±1.28**	8.90±1.79**	11.81±3.28
土壤5 cm温度 Soil temperature at 5 cm/℃	15.12±1.48**	8.66±2.02**	11.91±3.69
土壤含水量 Soil water content/%	37.66±2.28**	28.42±5.18**	33.04±6.20
降雨量 Precipitation/mm	14.81±11.82**	7.78±6.72**	11.33±10.24
CH₄通量 CH₄ flux/(mg∙m^-2∙h^-1)	-0.10±0.03**	-0.17±0.06**	-0.13±0.05
CH₄年通量 Annual flux/(kg∙hm^-2)	-4.49±0.001	-7.30±0.001	-11.79±0.001

季节 Season	变量 Variable	回归方程 Regression equation	r²	P值 P value	Q₁₀
干季 Dry season	气温/℃	y=0.106e^0.0454^t^a	0.1291	0.000	1.57
	地表温度/℃	y=0.1311e^0.0182^t⁰	0.0098	0.177	1.20
	土壤5 cm温度/℃	y=0.1265e^0.0229^t⁵	0.0179	0.068	1.26
	土壤含水量/%	y=0.8322e^-0.058^C^sw	0.8611	0.000
	降雨量/mm	y=0.1563e^-0.011^P	0.0844	0.113
雨季 Rainy season	气温/℃	y=0.1142e^-0.007^t^a	0.0019	0.562	0.93
	地表温度/℃	y = 0.5386e^-0.112^t⁰	0.2506	0.000	0.33
	土壤5 cm温度/℃	y=0.2701e^-0.063^t⁵	0.0837	0.000	0.53
	土壤含水量/%	y=0.5454e^-0.045^C^sw	0.5719	0.000
	降雨量/mm	y=0.1093e^-0.009^P	0.2588	0.000

季节 Season	变量 Variable	回归方程 Regression equation	r²	P值 P value	Q₁₀
干季 Dry season	气温/℃	y=0.106e^0.0454^t^a	0.1291	0.000	1.57
	地表温度/℃	y=0.1311e^0.0182^t⁰	0.0098	0.177	1.20
	土壤5 cm温度/℃	y=0.1265e^0.0229^t⁵	0.0179	0.068	1.26
	土壤含水量/%	y=0.8322e^-0.058^C^sw	0.8611	0.000
	降雨量/mm	y=0.1563e^-0.011^P	0.0844	0.113
雨季 Rainy season	气温/℃	y=0.1142e^-0.007^t^a	0.0019	0.562	0.93
	地表温度/℃	y = 0.5386e^-0.112^t⁰	0.2506	0.000	0.33
	土壤5 cm温度/℃	y=0.2701e^-0.063^t⁵	0.0837	0.000	0.53
	土壤含水量/%	y=0.5454e^-0.045^C^sw	0.5719	0.000
	降雨量/mm	y=0.1093e^-0.009^P	0.2588	0.000

项目 Item	20年 20-year	100年 100-year
CH₄全球增温潜势 GWP of Soil CH₄/(kg∙hm^-2∙a^-1)	990.15	330.05
土壤CH₄的GWP/土壤呼吸GWP Soil CH₄GWP/soil CO₂ CWP	2.2%	0.7%
土壤CH₄的GWP/NEE Soil CH₄ GWP/NEE	10.6%	3.5%
土壤CH₄的GWP/GPP Soil CH₄ GWP/GPP	0.04%

云南哀牢山亚热带常绿阔叶林土壤CH₄通量特征

Characteristics of Soil CH₄ Flux in the Subtropical Evergreen Broad-leaved Forest in Ailao Mountain, Yunnan, Southwest China

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气候带 Climate zone	地点 Place	植被类型 Vegetation type	经纬度 Coordinate	海拔 Altitude/m	平均温度 MAT/℃	降雨量 Precipitation/mm	甲烷通量 CH₄ flux/ (μg∙m^-2∙h^-1)	温度 Temperature/℃	土壤含水量 C_sw/%	土壤有机质 SOM/ (g∙kg^-1)	文献 Reference
亚热带 Subtropical	湖南省长沙县	青冈石栎常绿阔叶林	28°23′N, 113°19′E	55-350	17.1	1413-1559	-4.14	土壤温度	—	土壤有机质	张宇鸿, 2016
	湖北省神农架	常绿落叶阔叶混交林	31°18′N, 110°28′E	1670	10.6	1306-1722	-36.79± 13.99	土壤温度	—	—	菊花等, 2016b
	贵州省开阳县	喀斯特灌丛林	27°00′N, 107°02′E	1130	10.6- 15.3	926-1419	-59.85- -206.14	土壤温度	C_sw	—	房彬等, 2013
	广东省鼎湖山	针阔叶混交林	23°09′-23°11′N, 112°30′-112°33′E	1000.3	20.9	1956	-44.60±5.79	土壤温度	—	—	周存宇等, 2005
	云南省哀牢山	常绿阔叶林	24°32′N, 101°01′E	2400- 2600	11.3	1817	-134.56± 0.95		C_sw	—	本研究
热带 Tropical	云南省西双版纳	橡胶林	21°55′N, 101°15′E	580	21.7	1557	-20±0.087	—	C_sw	—	Zhou et al., 2021a
	云南省西双版纳	热带雨林	21°56′N, 101°16′E	720	21.7	1557	-110±0.18	土壤温度	C_sw	分解的细根	Zhou et al., 2021a
	海南省尖峰岭	热带山地雨林原始林	18°23′-18°52′N, 108°36′-109°05′E	—	19.8	1990	-26.39± 0.1968	—	—	—	白贞智等, 2017
		热带山地雨林次生林					-21.08± 0.2026	—	C_sw	—
		热带山地雨林鸡毛松林					-26.07± 0.1613	—	C_sw	—
温带Temperate	黑龙江帽儿山	红松人工林	45°24′N, 127°40′E	400	2.8	770	-17.2±4.6	土壤温度			刘实等, 2010
		蒙古栎林		400	2.8	770	-31.5±4.5	土壤温度
	北京市东灵山	阔叶混交林	40°00′-40°02′N			600	-66				杜睿等, 2004
		辽东栎林	115°26′-115°30′E	—	—	600	-67	—	—	—
		油松林				600	-79	—	—	—

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