“格局-过程-功能”视角下交通生态效应研究进展

doi:10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.022

生态环境学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 634-642.DOI: 10.16258/j.cnki.1674-5906.2022.03.022

• 综述 • 上一篇

“格局-过程-功能”视角下交通生态效应研究进展

杨思琪(), 朱高儒^*, 刘杰, 徐洪磊

交通运输部规划研究院,北京 100028

收稿日期:2021-10-18 出版日期:2022-03-18 发布日期:2022-05-25
通讯作者: *通信作者
作者简介:杨思琪（1992年生）,女,工程师,博士研究生,主要从事交通土地利用变化与生态效应研究。E-mail: yangsq@tpri.org.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41601105);国家自然科学基金项目(42071288);交通运输行业重点科技项目(2018-MS5-127);河南省交通运输厅科技计划项目(2020G-2-15)

The Research Progress of the Traffic Ecological Effects under the Perspective of “Pattern-Process-Function”

YANG Siqi(), ZHU Gaoru^*, LIU Jie, XU Honglei

Transport planning and research institute, Ministry of transport, Beijing 100028, P. R. China

Received:2021-10-18 Online:2022-03-18 Published:2022-05-25

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

交通廊道建设极大地推动了中国的社会经济发展,伴随而来的生态效应成为当前的研究热点。在综合立体交通网规划背景下,以景观生态学“格局-过程-功能”的视角分别对公路和铁路产生的生态效应进行总结,分析交通建设和运营对生态系统的影响机制,提出未来交通生态学研究的主要方向。重点对交通廊道产生的土地利用和景观格局变化等生态系统格局影响,养分循环、水土过程、群落演替和动物活动等生态系统过程影响,生物量、生态系统服务、生态足迹等生态系统功能影响进行评述。结果发现：（1）交通基础设施与土地利用之间存在相互影响,并导致主要土地利用类型的景观特征发生较大变化;（2）交通基础设施在建设期和运营期均对生态系统过程产生影响,其负效应可通过人工修复进行部分调控;（3）公路建设和运营对生态系统功能的影响大于铁路,交通廊道的边缘正效应有助于生态系统服务提升。在当前生态效应研究的基础上,未来研究应加强交通基础设施对生态系统格局、过程、功能影响的级联分析,交通建设的综合生态效应分析,以及综合交通网络的生态效应研究。

关键词: 交通, 生态效应, 公路和铁路, 格局, 过程, 功能

Abstract:

The construction of traffic corridor has greatly promoted the social and economic development of China. The subsequent ecological effects have become important issues that have received vast attention. In the context of comprehensive three-dimensional transportation network planning, this study summarized the ecological effects of highway and railway development from a landscape perspective based on the “pattern-process-function” analysis. The analysis focused on the influence mechanism of traffic construction and operation on ecosystem and proposed directions for future research on transportation ecology. The study focused on the impact of traffic corridor on ecosystem patterns, such as land use change, landscape pattern change, ecosystem processes (e.g., nutrient cycle, soil and water processes, community succession, and animal activities), and ecosystem functions (e.g., biomass, ecosystem services, and ecological footprint). Findings indicated that, (1) There was an interaction between transportation infrastructure and land use, which led to significant changes in landscape characteristics of major types of land use. (2) The transportation infrastructure had an impact on ecosystem processes during both construction and operation periods, and the negative effects could be partially regulated by artificial restoration. (3) The impact of highway construction and operation on ecosystem function was greater than that of railway construction, and the positive edge effect of traffic corridors contributed to the improvement of ecosystem services. Based on the current research on ecological effects, future research should strengthen the cascading analysis of the impact of transportation infrastructure on ecosystem pattern, process, and function. In addition, more attention needs to be given to comprehensive ecological effect analyses of transportation construction and ecological effect studies of integrated transportation networks.

Key words: traffic, ecological effect, highway and railway, pattern, process, function

中图分类号:

杨思琪, 朱高儒, 刘杰, 徐洪磊. “格局-过程-功能”视角下交通生态效应研究进展[J]. 生态环境学报, 2022, 31(3): 634-642.

YANG Siqi, ZHU Gaoru, LIU Jie, XU Honglei. The Research Progress of the Traffic Ecological Effects under the Perspective of “Pattern-Process-Function”[J]. Ecology and Environment, 2022, 31(3): 634-642.

图/表 1

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“格局-过程-功能”视角下交通生态效应研究进展

The Research Progress of the Traffic Ecological Effects under the Perspective of “Pattern-Process-Function”

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