关键词: 白颈长尾雉, 钱江源国家公园, MaxEnt模型, 生境适宜性, 功能分区, 季节变化

Abstract:

Qianjiangyuan National Park was one of the first national park system pilot areas in China. Also, it was the main habitat of Syrmaticus ellioti. It was of great significance to know the distribution pattern and habitat condition of Syrmaticus ellioti from a National Park scale for making scientific conservation strategies. In this study, we took Qianjiangyuan National Park as the research area and Syrmaticus ellioti as the research object. We used the monitoring data from infrared cameras and the data of main environmental variables from 2018 to 2019. MaxEnt model was used to evaluate and analyze the seasonal change characteristics and influencing factors of habitat suitability. The prediction results of winter-spring and summer-autumn models were excellent. The distance to farmland and coniferous forest with medium structure were the dominant environmental factors affecting the habitat selection of Syrmaticus ellioti in winter and spring. Syrmaticus ellioti tended to be close to farmland and away from forest areas such as mixed broadleaf-conifer forest as well as coniferous forest in this season. Meanwhile, the distance to water sources, broad-leaved forest with complete structure, residential area, mixed broadleaf-conifer forest with medium structure and coniferous forest with complete structure were the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of Syrmaticus ellioti in summer and autumn. Syrmaticus ellioti tended to be close to water sources and forest area and away from residential areas in this season. The moderately suitable and suitable habitat areas of Syrmaticus ellioti were 135.62 km² in winter and spring, and 134.14 km² in summer and autumn, respectively, accounting for 53.82% and 53.23% of the total area of Qianjiangyuan National Park. In winter and spring, the moderately suitable and suitable habitat areas for Syrmaticus ellioti showed the following pattern: ecological conservation area>traditional utilization area>core conservation area>recreation exhibition area. In summer and autumn, the moderately suitable and suitable habitat areas for Syrmaticus ellioti showed that ecological conservation area>core conservation area>traditional utilization area>recreation exhibition area. This study confirmed that water source, food and hidden conditions are the three main factors for habitat selection of Syrmaticus ellioti. In order to maintain the long-term stability and development of Syrmaticus ellioti population, the zoning management measures for key habitat factors should be carried out: (1) strengthen the protection and restoration of secondary forests in ecological conservation areas; (2) strengthen the management and control of agricultural development activities in traditional utilization areas; (3) strengthen the management of water sources around broad-leaved forests and mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forests at medium-low altitude; (4) establish ecological corridors of Syrmaticus ellioti population; (5) carry out long-term research on the habitat selection of Syrmaticus ellioti.

Key words: Syrmaticus ellioti, Qiangjiangyuan National Park, MaxEnt model, habitat suitability, function area, seasonal change